Deck 5: The Police Role in Society

Question 1

Wilson described types of police as including all except:

A) legalistic
B) service
C) watchman
D) caretaker

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The public servant model of policing includes all the following except:

A) Criminals are not a distinct group.
B) Police have a limited ability to control crime.
C) Protection of the process of justice is as important as crime control.
D) Police are not public servants of those who commit crime.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Muir's typology of police styles includes:

A) The caretaker
B) The old-style fighter
C) The enforcer
D) The watchman

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Harris' "preventive policing" model includes:

A) the concepts of community policing, problem-oriented policing, and accountability mechanisms
B) the concepts of community policy and the practices of crime control policing
C) the concepts of problem-oriented policing, and counter-terrorism efforts
D) the concepts of accountability mechanisms and counter-terrorism efforts

Question 5

A model of law enforcement that creates partnerships with the community and addresses underlying problems rather than simply enforcing the law is referred to as:

A) crime control policing
B) reactive policing
C) traditional policing
D) community policing

Question 6

Cohen and Feldberg include all of the following as ethical standards derived from the social contract except:

A) safety and security
B) integrity
C) fair access
D) teamwork

Question 7

Cohen and Feldberg propose five ethical standards that can be derived from the social contract.Which of the following is not one of these five principles?

A) fair access
B) punishment
C) teamwork
D) decentralization

Question 8

Force is defined as:

A) the right to inherent in a role to use any means to overcome resistance
B) the use of signs, symbols, words, and arguments to induce compliance
C) the use of physical coercion to overcome the will of the individual
D) the unquestionable entitlement to be obeyed that comes from fulfilling a specific role

Question 9

Power is defined as:

A) the right inherent in a role to use any means to overcome resistance
B) the use of signs and symbols to induce compliance
C) the use of words and arguments to induce compliance
D) the unquestionable entitlement to be obeyed that comes from fulfilling a specific role

Question 10

According to Klockars,what are the four elements of police power?

A) power, persuasion, threat, and force
B) power, persuasion, force, and authority
C) authority, threat, force, and persuasion
D) force, coercion, persuasion, authority

Question 11

Persuasion is defined as:

A) the right to inherent in a role to use any means to overcome resistance
B) the use of signs, symbols, words, and arguments to induce compliance
C) the use of force and coercion to get one's way
D) the unquestionable entitlement to be obeyed that comes from fulfilling a specific role

Question 12

According to Packer,which of the following is one of the principles under which the due process model operates?

A) efficiency is a top priority
B) there is a presumption of guilt
C) protection of process is as important as protection of innocents
D) emphasis is on speed and finality

Question 13

Crime control is an approach that is consistent with the following except:

A) Criminals are the enemy.
B) Police officers are soldiers in a war.
C) Police officers serve all the people.
D) Efficiency is a top priority.

Question 14

The crime control and due process models were developed by:

A) Carl Klockars
B) Herbert Packer
C) Lawrence Sherman
D) John Crank

Question 15

In relation to community policing and ethics,all of the following is true except:

A) Community policing ethical issues arise from the closer relationships formed with community members.
B) There is evidence that there is more corruption in community policing models than with traditional law enforcement.
C) Community policing reduces cynicism and burnout which may reduce corruption.
D) Community policing may increase the potential for gratuities.

Question 16

According to Packer,which of the following is one of the principles under which the crime control model operates?

A) efficiency is rejected if it involves shortcuts
B) protection of process is as important as protection of innocents
C) a conveyor belt is the model for the system
D) the coercive power of the state is always subject to abuse

Question 17

Authority is defined as:

A) the right to inherent in a role to use any means to overcome resistance
B) the use of signs and symbols to induce compliance
C) the use of words and arguments to induce compliance
D) the unquestionable entitlement to be obeyed that comes from fulfilling a specific role

Question 18

The first era of police professionalism began in the:

A) 1920s
B) 1930s
C) 1960s
D) 1980s

Question 19

Cohen and Feldberg proposed five ethical standards that can be derived from the social contract between society and the individuals.Which of the following is not one of these standards?

A) teamwork
B) objectivity
C) equality
D) fair access

Question 20

___________________ is different from the other three means of control in that it is physical,whereas the other three are exercised through mental domination and control.

A) Force
B) Authority
C) Discretion
D) Persuasion

Question 21

One problem critics have with The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics is that it is considered aspirational.

Question 22

Informal police subculture may be breaking down because of police unions.

Question 23

The crime control paradigm of policing is most consistent with ethical formalism.

Question 24

Reuss-Ianni found that the informal subculture of police enforced the notion that managers were not to be trusted.

Question 25

In Muir's typology of police styles,the reciprocator:

A) used coercion exclusively
B) avoided situations where they might be challenged
C) balanced coercion with compassion
D) had citizens solve problems and made deal to keep the peace

Question 26

In Brown's typology of police styles,the old-style crime fighters:

A) are concerned only with action that might be considered crime control
B) avoided situations where they might be challenged
C) balanced coercion with compassion
D) had citizens solve problems and made deals to keep the peace

Question 27

Cohen and Feldberg believe that the justification for police power comes from natural law.

Question 28

The four themes found in formal codes are fairness,service,law,and integrity.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about police subculture is false?

A) increasing diversity of police recruits has eliminated the social homogeneity of the workforce
B) civil litigation has increased the risk of covering for another officer
C) decreasing crime rates have prevented new hires
D) police unions have contributed to the weakening of the police subculture

Question 30

The law enforcement approach first implemented when William Bratton was police chief in New York City in the 1990s is called:

A) community policing
B) "safe for tourists" zone
C) zero-tolerance policy
D) blue wall of integrity

Question 31

Another name for the code of silence or the practice of police officers to remain silent when fellow officers commit unethical actions is:

A) the blue wall
B) the blue curtain of secrecy
C) the green wall of silence
D) the blue code

Question 32

The informal values of police have been said to include which of the following?

A) cynicism
B) loyalty
C) force
D) all these are informal values of police

Question 33

The four major themes of formal ethical codes for law enforcement include all except:

A) fairness
B) personal conduct
C) service
D) integrity

Question 34

In Muir's typology of police styles,the professional:

A) used coercion exclusively
B) avoided situations where they might be challenged
C) balanced coercion with compassion
D) had citizens solve problems and made deals to keep the peace

Question 35

The public service paradigm of policing is consistent with utilitarianism.

Question 36

In Brown's typology of police styles,which type of officer emphasizes public order and peace officer tasks?

A) the professional-style officer
B) the service-style officer
C) the clean-beat officer
D) the old-style crime fighter

Question 37

According to Scheingold,the values of police subculture are like dominant American values,only they are more extreme.

Question 38

Brown and Muir both included the "peacemaker" officer in their typologies.

Question 39

Muir's police types included the professional,the reciprocating officer,the enforcer,and the clean beat officer.

Question 40

Souryal argued that there are different kinds of loyalty to superiors or to fellow officers,including all of the following except:

A) integrated loyalty
B) personal loyalty
C) institutional loyalty
D) fragmented loyalty

Question 41

Explain why some people think the police subculture is breaking down.

Question 42

An unquestionable entitlement to be obeyed that comes from fulfilling a specific role is called ___________________.

Question 43

List and discuss Klockars' four elements of police control.

Question 44

Discuss what potential ethical issues arise with community policing.Why might community policing act as an "insulator" against unethical behavior?

Question 45

Compare and contrast the due process model and crime control model.

Question 46

The use of signs,symbols,words,and arguments to induce compliance is called __________________.

Question 47

Those who are paid from the public purse and are expected to serve the public good are called ___________________.

Question 48

List and discuss Brown's typology of policy styles.Discuss it compared to Muir's typology.

Question 49

________________ is the right,inherent in a role,to use any means to overcome resistance.

Question 50

The responsibilities that are attached to a specific role are called ______________.

Question 51

Describe the elements of the formal code of ethics and contrast them with the values of the police subculture.

Question 52

Explain the public servant role and the crime fighter role and why the two may be inconsistent.

Question 53

Describe Wilson and Brown's typologies of police and explain how each might perceive the role of discretion.

Question 54

Explain how the social contract is the source of police power and explain the elements or characteristics of policing that logically flow from such power.

Question 55

A program where officers and community members form partnership to prevent crime is called a ____________________ program.

Question 56

The term ____________________________ means to have the power to make a decision between two or more choices.

Question 57

The term used to describe the power to use physical coercion to overcome the will of another individual is ______________.

Question 58

Having a negative perception of human nature is called ___________________.

Question 59

Describe Sherman's police "values."