Deck 12: Discretion and Dilemmas in Corrections

Question 1

The prisoners' rights era of the 1970s gave way to the ________________ era of today,where courts are more apt to defer to prison officials.

A) "correctional officers' rights"
B) "old new-way"
C) "due deference"
D) "restorative deference"

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The probation or parole officer's power to recommend revocation is:

A) meaningless
B) limited
C) absolute
D) unfettered

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In Washington v.Harper the U.S.Supreme ruled that:

A) the administration of antipsychotic drugs to unwilling inmates is not unconstitutional
B) the administration of antipsychotic drugs to unwilling inmates is unconstitutional
C) the administration of any drugs to inmates in general is unconstitutional
D) the administration of any psychiatric plan of care to any inmates is unconstitutional

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Faith-based programs are:

A) unconstitutional
B) constitutional only if no state money is used
C) shown to have reduced recidivism
D) only allowed if they are Christian in nature

Question 5

The Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1996 (PLRA):

A) drastically curtailed the ability of inmates to file lawsuits
B) drastically curtailed the ability of correctional facilities to file lawsuits against inmates
C) drastically increased inmates' ability to file lawsuits
D) drastically increased attorney's fees

Question 6

Which of the following about probation is false?

A) discretion in probation exists at the point of sentencing
B) discretion exists during supervision
C) discretion is limited to police officers and judges
D) discretion is present when probation officers decide to file violation reports

Question 7

"Tune-ups" are "lessons" taught to inmates by prison guards that involved verbal humiliation,profanity,shoves,kicks,and head and body slaps in:
a. Florida
b. Texas
c. Alabama
d. Arizona

Question 8

In the 1980s,a decrease in the victimization of inmates by correctional officers led to:

A) more humane prisons
B) violence from racial gangs
C) less court suits
D) there was no decrease in CO to inmate violence

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the ethical dilemmas of prison psychologists discussed by Haag?

A) Informed consent
B) Assessment
C) Confidentiality
D) Anonymity

Question 10

"Correctional officer" is the term that replaced the old label of:

A) watchman
B) keeper
C) sentinel
D) guard

Question 11

Which of the following is an ethical dilemma often faced by treatment staff in correctional facilities?

A) Whether to provide treatment to people who do not want it
B) the professional goals of all treatment specialists is to help the client but sometimes this is at odds with the safety of the institution
C) the administration of treatment programs
D) all of these are ethical dilemmas faced by treatment staff

Question 12

The __________ rule specifies that treatment professionals do have legal duties to third persons if they have cause to reasonably believe that one of their clients is going to harm that person.

A) Tarosoff
B) Souryal
C) Glaser
D) Watergate

Question 13

Inmates and correctional officers agree that all of these traits are characteristics of a good officer except:

A) consistency
B) fairness
C) flexibility
D) loyalty

Question 14

In __________________ the U.S.Supreme Court dealt with a case involving a inmate who had been forced to sit in a chair while two officers hit him in the head and chest area,with a lieutenant looking on.

A) Diaz v. Martinez
B) Gomez v. Glenn
C) Hamdin v. Grouch
D) Hudson v. McMillian

Question 15

The interdependence that may develop between correctional officers and inmates that is characterized by favoritism is called:

A) Pluralistic ignorance
B) Reciprocity
C) "Trickle down" supervision
D) Hostile loyalty

Question 16

What other criminal justice professional is most like the correctional officer?

A) prosecutor
B) judge
C) police officer
D) bailiff

Question 17

Without a strong moral and ethical code,correctional officers may find themselves drifting into:

A) pragmatic egoism
B) relativistic pragmatism
C) utilitarian egoism
D) relativistic egoism

Question 18

The Tucker Telephone was associated with a prison in:

A) Texas
B) Arkansas
C) California
D) Mississippi

Question 19

The Tucker telephone is an electrical device:

A) used in prisons to help officers communicate from one unit to another
B) attached to the genitals of inmates that delivered severe shocks as a form of torture
C) used to secretly record conversations
D) used in prisons to help inmates communicate from one unit to another

Question 20

Which of the following is not one of the types of officers identified by R.Johnson?

A) Counselors
B) Time-servers
C) The violence-prone
D) Physicians

Question 21

Jail officers have a unique population in that their population is transitory.

Question 22

The rehabilitative era took place in the 1980s.

Question 23

Children of inmates are ten times more likely to be delinquent.

Question 24

According to Souryal's typology,which type of probation and parole officers may need to think about natural law rights of privacy and autonomy?

A) punitive law enforcer
B) bureaucratic paper pusher
C) welfare/therapeutic worker
D) passive time server

Question 25

Probation and parole officers don't have to deal with the issue of gratuities.

Question 26

According to a Justice Department study that tracked 272,111 released inmates in 15 states,which of the following statements is false?

A) men are more likely than women to recidivate
B) blacks are more likely to recidivate than whites
C) young people are more likely to recidivate than older offenders
D) offenders with the highest recidivism rates are more likely to include rapists

Question 27

Arguably,jail officers have a harder job than CO's in prisons because they deal with a transitory population.

Question 28

The practice of reciprocity is supported by formal correctional ethics.

Question 29

Faith-based treatment programs have shown little evidence of reduced recidivism.

Question 30

According to Souryal's typology,the type of officer who does the bare minimum on the job to stay out of trouble is called the:

A) punitive law enforcer
B) bureaucratic paper pusher
C) welfare/therapeutic practitioner
D) passive time server

Question 31

An egoistic rationalization would be that a favor done for the inmate may result in benefit to the officer because the inmate owes him.

Question 32

What is the primary difference between probation officers and parole officers?

A) Parole officers are paid less.
B) Parole officers are more highly educated.
C) Parole officers supervise an older population.
D) Parole officers are more service-oriented.

Question 33

Which of the following is not one of Souryal's types of probation and parole officers?

A) punitive law enforcer
B) bureaucratic paper pusher
C) welfare/therapeutic worker
D) passive time server

Question 34

According to a Justice Department study in 2002,85 percent of inmates were charged with at least one serious crime within three years of being released.

Question 35

According to Souryal's typology,which type of probation and parole officers may violate professional ethics in not performing duties associated with the role?

A) punitive law enforcer
B) bureaucratic paper pusher
C) welfare/therapeutic practitioner
D) passive time server

Question 36

According to Souryal's typology,the type of probation or parole officer who has a tendency to use illegal threats and violate the due-process protections of his/her clients,is called the:

A) punitive law enforcer
B) bureaucratic paper pusher
C) welfare/therapeutic practitioner
D) passive time observer

Question 37

According to Souryal's typology,the type of officer who goes "by the book" is called the:

A) punitive law enforcer
B) bureaucratic paper pusher
C) welfare/therapeutic practitioner
D) passive time server

Question 38

According to Souryal's typology,which type of probation and parole officers may need to examine his or her use of authority?

A) punitive law enforcer
B) bureaucratic paper pusher
C) welfare/therapeutic worker
D) passive time server

Question 39

One of the ethical issues of treatment of professionals in prisons according to Haag is "competence."

Question 40

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Parole board members or their designees make decisions regarding release
B) Probation officers write presentence reports to help judges decide sentences
C) Probation and parole officers have the authority and power to recommend revocation
D) Parole officers decide when to file violation reports

Question 41

During the early 1970s there was an era called the _______________ where many correctional programs were established and there was a belief that corrections could successfully change offenders.

Question 42

Describe the CO's role ambiguity in the 1970s and 1980s.

Question 43

The term ___________________ refers to a situation today where courts are inclined to rule in favor of prison officials and give them deference in decisions regarding running the prison.

Question 44

Discuss ethical issues for probation and parole officers and differentiate them.

Question 45

Describe the CO subculture.

Question 46

List and describe some forms of corruption committed by CO's.

Question 47

___________________ is Syke's term for when officers become indebted to inmates and return favors.

Question 48

Sometimes correctional officers have the power to do things that they don't have the ___________________________ to do.

Question 49

The United States has some of the _______________ incarceration rates in the world.

Question 50

According to your text,what are some ways that morality can be maintained in prison?

Question 51

What are the two interests treatment staff have to balance? Give examples of some ethical concerns of treatment personnel.

Question 52

Institutional correctional personnel can be divided into two groups: correctional officers and their supervisors and ________________________.

Question 53

Describe the types of probation officers and ethical issues for each.

Question 54

What are some ways to reduce corruption in the prison environment?

Question 55

Children of inmates are ______________ times more likely to be delinquent.

Question 56

The _________________ was an electrical device used to torture prisoners in the Cummins prison farm.

Question 57

Describe the discretion of probation and parole officers and provide examples of ethical and unethical applications of discretion.

Question 58

Officers who do the minimal level of work are referred to as ____________.

Question 59

Describe how CO's have discretion similar to police officers and court personnel.

Question 60

_________________ referred to a method of punishment wherein officers would beat an inmate to "teach him a lesson".