Deck 21: Developmental Theories

Question 1

The nurse in a pediatric health care setting is using Piaget as a developmental model for patient assessment.According to Piaget,during which of the following developmental stages does the child understand the concept of ice becoming water?

A) Sensorimotor
B) Preoperational
C) Concrete operations
D) Formal operations

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The nurse who uses Erikson's theory to assess a 20-year-old patient's developmental status expects to find which of the following behaviours?

A) Coping with physical and social losses
B) Enjoyment of a sense of freedom and participation in the community
C) Applying oneself to learning productive skills
D) Overcoming a sense of guilt or frustration

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The nurse who wants to apply a theory that relates to moral development should read more about the theory established by which of the following theorists?

A) Kohlberg
B) Gesell
C) Freud
D) Erikson

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The nurse in a pediatric health care setting is using Kohlberg's developmental theory for patient assessment,and has evaluated a child as having reached level I,the preconventional level.Which of the following assessments supports this interpretation?

A) Makes sure not to be late for school
B) Cleans the blackboards after school for the teacher
C) Runs for school council to change policies
D) Stays away from gangs at school that harass other children

Question 5

It is important for the nurse to have knowledge of the principles of growth and development to better understand the behaviours and responses of patients from different age groups.The nurse recognizes that which one of the following statements about growth and development is correct?

A) Development ends with adolescence.
B) Growth refers to qualitative events.
C) Developmental tasks are age-related achievements.
D) Cognitive theories focus on emotional development.

Question 6

According to Piaget,which of the following processes is the correct definition of assimilation?

A) Making sense out of new experiences
B) Interpreting "goodness of fit" with one's immediate environment
C) Integrating ways of thinking in relation to what one already is aware of
D) Recognizing biological distinctness and emergence from dependent thinking

Question 7

The nurse is working in a children's psychiatric hospital.Which of the following theorists would the nurse investigate for possible use with this patient population?

A) Piaget
B) Freud
C) Bowlby
D) Havighurst

Question 8

The nurse recognizes that Freud's theory approaches development by looking at which one of the following?

A) Cognitive development
B) Moral reasoning
C) Maturational development
D) Psychosexual aspects

Question 9

Which of the following is considered an environmental factor influencing growth and development?

A) Heredity
B) Peer group
C) Life experiences
D) State of health

Question 10

The nurse working in a pediatric clinic uses Piaget's theory for assessment of her patients' developmental status.According to Piaget,a preschool child (3 to 5 years old)who comes to the clinic is expected by the nurse to exhibit which of the following behaviours?

A) Exploration of the environment
B) Thinking with the use of symbols and images
C) Cooperation and sharing
D) Organization of thoughts and far-reaching problem solving

Question 11

Which of the following theories is included in the tradition of organicism?

A) Psychosocial
B) Psychosexual
C) Developmental health
D) Biophysical developmental

Question 12

According to Piaget,which one of the following characterizes the infant in the first period of development?

A) Sensorimotor intelligence
B) Concrete operations
C) Identity versus role confusion
D) Preoperational thought

Question 13

The nurse working in an assisted-living facility,who has done a lot of reading on the developmental changes associated with older adults,knows that which of the following is a common behavioural task or critical event for the older adult resident?

A) Selecting a mate
B) Rearing children
C) Finding a congenial social group
D) Adjusting to decreasing physical strength

Question 14

A child is assessed as being extremely active,requiring a highly structured environment,and irregular in her habits.According to Chess and Thomas (1995),which category of temperament would be an accurate interpretation of this child's behaviour?

A) Easy child
B) Difficult child
C) Hyperactive child
D) Slow-to-warm up child

Question 15

In Kohlberg's theory of moral development,an individual who reaches level II,the conventional level,is expected to exhibit which one of the following?

A) Absolute obedience to authority
B) Reasoning based on personal gain
C) Personal internalization of others' expectations
D) Self-chosen ethical principles, universality, and impartiality