Deck 5: Karen Horney: Neurotic Needs and Trends

Question 1

Horney compensated for her feelings of helplessness as a child by

A) becoming depressed.
B) using rage and retribution towards others that would hurt her.
C) striving for academic success.
D) achieving perfection.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which statement does not reflect Horney's views about childhood?

A) Personality development is a continuous process throughout life.
B) Biological forces are more important than social forces in shaping personality.
C) There should be no discrimination based on gender.
D) A child's security depends entirely on how the parents treat the child.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Horney strongly disagreed with Freud about

A) free association.
B) the importance of the superego.
C) penis envy.
D) the nature of the unconscious.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to Horney,one self- protective device used to cope with basic anxiety is

A) to create feelings of loss and regret.
B) to manifest physical symptoms of pain.
C) to withdraw from people, psychologically.
D) to act out sexually.

Question 5

For Horney,children develop feelings of security when

A) no trauma is present in childhood.
B) parents show comfort, warmth, and affection.
C) a child becomes independent from parents at an early age.
D) a parent stays home when a child is young.

Question 6

Karen Horney incorporated her own childhood experience of ____ into her theory.

A) sexual abuse
B) physical abuse
C) happily married parents
D) lack of love and rejection by her parents

Question 7

Horney had a long-term affair with

A) Alfred Adler.
B) Erich Fromm.
C) Carl Jung.
D) Henry Murray.

Question 8

Horney's theory was influenced by her

A) close association with Jung and Fromm.
B) her gender and personal experiences.
C) work with Anna Freud.
D) adolescence.

Question 9

A(n)__________ person must repress their personal desires and cannot defend against abuse.

A) powerful.
B) submissive.
C) withdrawing.
D) affectionate

Question 10

Horney agreed with Freud about the

A) importance of the early childhood years in shaping the adult personality.
B) primacy of instincts.
C) dominant role of the unconscious.
D) importance of biological forces in personality development.

Question 11

As a child,Horney

A) was completely secure.
B) initially wanted to be a boy rather than a girl.
C) compensated for her physical inferiority.
D) was rebellious and spiteful.

Question 12

To Horney,basic anxiety is

A) the foundation of neurosis.
B) the beginnings of hostility.
C) fear and depression.
D) guilt and loss of control.

Question 13

Horney believed later neuroses develop when

A) a person feels isolated and internalizes criticism.
B) there is a lack of parental love and warmth.
C) a child experiences physical problems.
D) a person has a fear of sex.

Question 14

The need for safety is

A) brought on by childhood trauma.
B) mostly genetically based and not caused by the environment.
C) important only in childhood.
D) experienced by all children.

Question 15

The more afraid a child is of his or her parents,

A) the more the child must repress hostility.
B) the less the child must repress hostility.
C) the more depressed the child feels.
D) the greater the child's guilt.

Question 16

Helplessness,fear,and hostility create what Horney called

A) basic negativism.
B) basic anxiety.
C) cerebral dysfunction.
D) emotional disturbances.

Question 17

What factor in Horney's childhood is reflected in her personality theory?

A) Horney suffered from sexual conflict.
B) Horney expressed loneliness as an only child.
C) Horney feared that her father or mother did not want her.
D) Horney exhibited perfectionist tendencies.

Question 18

Horney decided to undergo psychoanalysis after

A) failing to secure an academic appointment.
B) she was unable to alleviate her depression and emotional problems otherwise.
C) realizing that she was happy, yet not completely fulfilled.
D) experiencing discrimination by being a woman.

Question 19

Horney's system

A) relates only to an adult's personality development.
B) focuses on aggression as the core of personality.
C) is a feminist viewpoint of psychoanalysis.
D) stresses biological determinants of personality.

Question 20

The core of Horney's theory developed as a(n)

A) neurotic crisis during middle age.
B) agreement with Freud's Oedipal complex.
C) crisis in childhood experiences.
D) result of physical inferiorities.

Question 21

A self-image is constructed by the ________ person built on a realistic appraisal of their own abilities,potentials,and weaknesses.

A) normal.
B) neurotic.
C) detached.
D) average.

Question 22

The idealized self-image of the neurotic person leads to a problem Horney called the

A) perfection syndrome.
B) striving for superiority.
C) realistic self-image.
D) tyranny of the shoulds.

Question 23

A person with Horney's _________ type personality would be needy,desperate to have privacy,and a need to feel superior to others.

A) aggressive
B) compliant
C) dominant
D) detached

Question 24

According to Horney,neurotic needs are

A) irrational solutions to problems.
B) absent in normal people.
C) found only in neurotics.
D) grouped in four clusters.

Question 25

Conflict in personality derives from the

A) incompatibility among the three neurotic needs.
B) ability to express only one neurotic trend.
C) basic incompatibility of the three neurotic trends.
D) successful completion and integration of all three neurotic trends.

Question 26

Compliant persons

A) are insensitive to the needs of others.
B) are incapable of manipulating others.
C) regard themselves as superior to others.
D) feel helpless and weak.

Question 27

The four protective mechanisms

A) are symptoms of a child who needs security.
B) defend against basic anxiety.
C) are unhealthy defense mechanisms.
D) are food, shelter, warmth, and love.

Question 28

The person who is excessively dependent on others represents the ____ personality type.

A) aggressive
B) compliant
C) detached
D) withdrawing

Question 29

People who rely on their own resources,have a great need for privacy,and deny feelings for others represent the ____ personality type.

A) psychotic
B) detached
C) aggressive
D) compliant

Question 30

The person most likely to achieve success at work represents the ____ personality type.

A) detached
B) withdrawing
C) compliant
D) aggressive

Question 31

Persons who manipulate others to achieve their own ends represent the neurotic trend called moving ____ people.

A) toward
B) against
C) with
D) away from

Question 32

Horney says children strive to protect against basic anxiety by

A) seeking affection/love.
B) attaining power.
C) withdrawing from people.
D) all the answers.

Question 33

A normal person differs from a neurotic in that a normal person

A) experiences no conflict among the neurotic trends.
B) may be aggressive, compliant, and even detached at times.
C) experiences only one of the neurotic trends.
D) is perfect and has no neurotic trends.

Question 34

The neurotic trend Horney called moving toward other people produces the

A) compliant personality.
B) aggressive personality.
C) detached personality.
D) troubled personality.

Question 35

According to Horney,achievement is

A) a neurotic trend.
B) a neurotic need.
C) a cause of basic anxiety.
D) genetically determined.

Question 36

The list of ten neurotic needs should cause you to worry if

A) a person manifests any of them.
B) this becomes a person's only way of reducing basic anxiety.
C) a person experiences more than three of them.
D) all of the neurotic needs are found in a person.

Question 37

When neurotic needs are pursued compulsively,the person

A) engages in all of them.
B) must be institutionalized.
C) tends to focus on only one need.
D) all of the answers

Question 38

The neurotic trends are

A) elaborations of the self-protective mechanisms.
B) displayed indiscriminately in any situation.
C) compulsive attitudes and behaviors.
D) all of the answers

Question 39

All of the following are neurotic needs except

A) basic anxiety.
B) power.
C) admiration.
D) exploitation.

Question 40

A child who becomes lonely and refuses to play with others may be experiencing

A) protectionism.
B) introversion.
C) withdrawal.
D) psychosis.

Question 41

Today there is a renewed interest in Horney's ideas

A) because of her theory of womb envy in males.
B) primarily due to the women's movement that began in the 1960s.
C) since Horney believed only biological contributions affect personality.
D) since Horney made much use of research data from sociology and anthropology.

Question 42

According to Horney,a woman's sense of inferiority is

A) realistic and true for all women.
B) rare and not accepted as a theory of personality today.
C) biologically based.
D) socially and culturally based.

Question 43

____ persons are concerned with a need for affection and approval.

A) Aggressive
B) Detached
C) Compliant
D) Helpful

Question 44

Compared to Freud,Horney

A) believed in the therapist-client working relationship.
B) focused on her patients' unconscious minds.
C) rejected psychoanalysis as a technique for therapy.
D) placed more emphasis on the ego and the id conflict than Freud.

Question 45

Horney believed that modern women experience psychological conflict between

A) adolescence and middle age.
B) love and work.
C) love for their children and love for their parents.
D) the ego and the superego.

Question 46

Horney's major assessment techniques were

A) hypnosis and free association.
B) dream analysis and early recollections.
C) projective tests.
D) free association and dream analysis

Question 47

Horney believed that men often express womb envy

A) by abusing their daughters.
B) in feelings of depression and inferiority.
C) by seeking achievement in their work.
D) through the mechanism of reaction formation.

Question 48

Horney believed that neuroses and conflicts are avoided when children are raised with

A) love, acceptance, and trust.
B) security, independence and discipline.
C) two parents, rather than with just one parent.
D) the driving forces of each parent's personalities reinforcing the idealized self-image of the child.

Question 49

The self-image of the neurotic

A) coincides with the self-image of the compliant type.
B) is not based on a realistic self-appraisal.
C) does not differ from that of the normal person.
D) does not exist (the neurotic is incapable of constructing a self-image).

Question 50

Horney's actual research approach relied mainly on

A) studies exclusively using twins reared apart.
B) correlational research involving self-report inventories.
C) case studies.
D) observations of students within a classroom setting.

Question 51

A valid criticism of Horney's personality theory by Freudians is that her theory

A) is an excessive and extreme emphasis on sexuality.
B) does not address trauma in childhood.
C) denies the importance of biological instincts.
D) was more elegantly constructed and more precise than the theory of Freud.

Question 52

Horney believed that dreams are

A) reliable sources of true memories.
B) a continuation of daydreams.
C) creative solutions from the unconscious.
D) actually attempts to resolve problems.

Question 53

The urge towards self-realization derives from

A) an innate potential.
B) social forces in adolescence.
C) plans and aspirations for the future.
D) continuous conflict among the neurotic trends.

Question 54

In Horney's view,the Oedipus complex for women

A) results in conflict between dependence on one's parents and hostility toward them.
B) does not exist.
C) is biologically based.
D) results from non-acceptance of their womanhood.

Question 55

Horney's idea that men envy women because of a woman's capacity for motherhood

A) showed that men desire to be women.
B) was later accepted by Freud.
C) derived partly from her own pleasurable experience giving birth.
D) was not seen in her male patients.

Question 56

The flight from womanhood can lead to a(n)

A) inhibition of femininity.
B) inhibited sexual desire.
C) conflict between an unconscious desire to give birth and a fear of sexual intercourse.
D) All the answers.

Question 57

Horney was opposed to

A) taking verbatim notes of her sessions.
B) formulating hypotheses.
C) maintaining her data the same way other scientists test their data.
D) clinical observations of her patients.

Question 58

Horney relied on ____ to assess personality.

A) projective tests
B) multiple-choice tests
C) no self-report inventories
D) intelligence tests

Question 59

An idealized self-image is

A) not based on reality.
B) doomed to failure.
C) based on perfection.
D) all of the answers

Question 60

The four self-protective mechanisms Horney proposed have a single goal: to defend against

A) basic anxiety.
B) archetypes.
C) psychosis.
D) emotions.

Question 61

Karen Horney was against the use of self-analysis,free association and dream analysis.

Question 62

According to Horney,there are three categories of behaviors and attitudes towards oneself and others that express a person's needs.

Question 63

Hannah calls her classmates names behind their back and makes fun of them with her friends.This is an example of "moving toward people," according to Horney.

Question 64

Neurotics blame only themselves for their problems.

Question 65

According to Horney,basic anxiety is the "all-pervading feeling of being lonely and helpless in a hostile world."

Question 66

A person,according to Horney,will manifest all ten neurotic needs to some degree.

Question 67

Horney agreed with Freud's belief that therapy should be passive,provide distance from the patient,and be intellectual.

Question 68

Horney's ten neurotic needs are irrational solutions to one's problems.

Question 69

During childhood,Horney believed a mother's affection is key to a child's feeling of security.Give an example of a child who has experienced the trauma of losing a parent through divorce or death.How may this affect the child,according to Horney's theory?

Question 70

Horney selected the case study method,which is similar to Freud,Jung,and Adler's work with patients.

Question 71

Horney's daughter was psychoanalyzed by Eric Fromm.After her therapy,the daughter was able to confront her mother for the first time.How would you describe the outcome of this therapy? Was this therapy beneficial or not? Beneficial or not for Horney and/or her daughter? Explain and defend your answer.

Question 72

Horney considered neurotic competitiveness as an indiscriminate need to win at all costs.

Question 73

Compare and contrast Freud's defense mechanisms and Horney's self-protective mechanisms,such as moving away,against,and toward people.

Question 74

Although childhood influences are important,according to Horney,

A) the tyranny of the shoulds is the greatest influence in later life.
B) later experiences also shape personality.
C) adolescent experiences are more important than the earliest childhood experiences.
D) the idealized self-image of a person will be the greatest influence throughout life.

Question 75

Karen Horney was never married and had no children.

Question 76

Neurotic needs will become less severe and will likely be overcome in late childhood with no intervention on the part of the parents.

Question 77

____________ personalities are driven to seek control and superiority.

A) Detached
B) Helpful
C) Compliant
D) Aggressive

Question 78

Horney suffered from an inferiority complex from events that occurred when she was a young girl.

Question 79

Karen Horney was influenced by Freud but her theories deviated from him by arguing that men envied women because of their capacity for motherhood.

Question 80

The idolized self-image helps us to unify the personality