Deck 9: Abraham Maslow: Needs- Hierarchy Theory

Question 1

The key idea in Maslow's hierarchy of needs is that

A) higher needs must be satisfied first.
B) individual needs are learned, not inherited.
C) lower needs have to be satisfied before higher needs become influential.
D) safety needs are the most important of all the hierarchy of needs.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Abraham Maslow was associated with ____ psychology.

A) psychoanalytic
B) individual
C) behaviorist
D) humanistic

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Meeting a higher need causes a person to

A) remain 'needy' throughout life and to be unfulfilled.
B) be content, happy, and fulfilled.
C) have an increased risk for failure at the higher level of need.
D) become unstable.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In his college student years,Maslow was influenced by the ideas of

A) John B. Watson.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) Carl Jung.
D) Henry Murray.

Question 5

Maslow's childhood was characterized by

A) excellent athletic ability for his age.
B) loving and nurturing parents.
C) a huge inferiority complex.
D) having many childhood friendships

Question 6

Maslow called for a new psychology based on a

A) cognitive-behaviorist theory.
B) fusion of cognitive science and psychoanalysis.
C) religious, social, and political theory.
D) needs-hierarchy theory.

Question 7

Maslow called the higher needs

A) growth or being needs.
B) deficit or deficiency needs.
C) satisfaction needs.
D) biological needs.

Question 8

Humanistic psychologists criticized psychoanalysis for its emphasis on

A) the machine-like qualities of human nature.
B) the emotionally disturbed side of human nature.
C) experiments with animal subjects.
D) only adult development.

Question 9

Maslow believed that psychologists should study

A) the strengths and virtues where human nature is at its best.
B) emotionally disturbed persons.
C) infant development.
D) animal behavior.

Question 10

"With my childhood," Maslow observed,"it's a wonder I'm not ____"

A) bigoted.
B) impotent.
C) neurotic.
D) psychotic.

Question 11

Higher needs are

A) weaker than lower needs.
B) active later in life than lower needs.
C) less necessary than lower needs for survival.
D) all of the answers.

Question 12

Maslow insisted on psychology that emphasized

A) both the study of animal and human behavior.
B) mechanistic and deterministic reactions of the individual.
C) conditioned responses and behaviorism.
D) human strengths, free-will, and the fulfillment of human potential.

Question 13

Maslow's approach to personality is based on his idea that

A) the unconscious rules our past and also affects our future.
B) the power of the past influences the present.
C) people are capable of displaying better behavior than prejudice, hatred, and aggression.
D) a person's illnesses are positively correlated with their genetic capacity.

Question 14

Maslow believed that people are driven by

A) innate physiological needs and learned higher needs.
B) all the needs at the same time.
C) social forces.
D) one dominant need at a time.

Question 15

According to Maslow,hungry people are not preoccupied with the need of self-actualization until they meet their _________ needs.

A) safety
B) physiological
C) belongingness
D) esteem

Question 16

Belongingness and esteem needs arise in

A) adolescence.
B) young adulthood.
C) childhood.
D) middle age.

Question 17

At the lowest level of Maslow's hierarchy,we find ____ needs.

A) self-actualization
B) esteem
C) love and belongingness
D) physiological

Question 18

Maslow's hierarchy of needs are considered instinctoid,which are based on

A) needs for safety, belongingness, and love.
B) genetics and inherited traits.
C) a self-efficacy component.
D) rigid expectations from the parents concerning the child.

Question 19

The inspiration for Maslow's determination to humanize psychology was

A) the stupidity of the monkeys he experimented with in graduate school.
B) his careful study of Freud's work.
C) the deep religious convictions of his parents.
D) his strong reaction at the start of World War II and the birth of his first child.

Question 20

Maslow's first studies in psychology were

A) cognitive.
B) in the field of humanism.
C) training in experimental psychology.
D) psychoanalytic.

Question 21

The need for safety is most important in

A) infants and neurotic adults.
B) children who have not satisfied esteem needs.
C) adolescents who have not satisfied self-actualization needs.
D) adults.

Question 22

The motivation of non-self-actualizers is called

A) metapathology.
B) psychopathology.
C) neurotic pathology.
D) procrastination.

Question 23

By self-actualization,Maslow meant

A) having our deficiency needs satisfied.
B) fulfillment of our unique potential, talents, and abilities.
C) being loved and loving someone else.
D) gaining recognition and status in society.

Question 24

Metamotivation refers to

A) the motivation of self-actualizers.
B) constantly changing motivation.
C) deficiency motivation.
D) all of the answers.

Question 25

Concerning cognitive needs,studies have been shown that emotionally healthy adults

A) seek knowledge and understanding that help meet their safety needs, not cognitive needs.
B) are wise enough to put the safety needs before cognitive needs.
C) are motivated to improve their knowledge about unexplained events.
D) have no reason to seek new kinds of knowledge, since they already know everything.

Question 26

According to Maslow,a fundamental cause of maladjustment is failure to satisfy the ____ needs.

A) self-actualization
B) belongingness and love
C) esteem
D) safety

Question 27

In metamotivation,a person

A) seeks to satisfy lower needs without the need to satisfy self-actualization.
B) tries to reduce tension.
C) strives for specific needs or D-motivation.
D) is said to be developing from within.

Question 28

Self-actualizers can evolve to fulfill

A) states of being such as goodness, uniqueness, and perfection.
B) their potential.
C) metaneeds in order to complete full development of the personality.
D) all of the answers

Question 29

People whose safety needs are unsatisfied prefer

A) stability and structure.
B) close relationships with others.
C) self-actualization.
D) freedom from structure and order.

Question 30

In Maslow's view,human behavior is

A) determined exclusively by situational forces.
B) independent of the environment.
C) determined by innate needs and situational variables.
D) determined by innate needs in childhood and situational factors in adulthood.

Question 31

The needs to know and to understand

A) are now a part of the basic hierarchy (above self-actualization).
B) can be stronger than the safety needs.
C) do not appear until middle age.
D) exist only in self-actualized people.

Question 32

According to Maslow,a need does not have to be satisfied fully

A) at any stage to get to self-actualization.
B) before the next need in the hierarchy becomes important.
C) and will not cause any problems if the ego is strong.
D) before a person becomes perfect.

Question 33

Maslow also proposed a second set of innate needs

A) prestige needs (to attain high rank and status).
B) aggressive needs (to dominate and harm).
C) cognitive needs (to know and understand).
D) sexual needs (to experience passion).

Question 34

A prerequisite for self-actualization is

A) a realistic knowledge of our strengths and weaknesses.
B) a freedom from constraints imposed by society and by ourselves.
C) a feeling of security in our self-image and in our relationships with other people.
D) all of the answers

Question 35

Maslow believed that the belongingness and love needs

A) are the weakest needs in most people.
B) are the strongest needs.
C) involves an essentially selfish need to receive love.
D) involves the need both to give and to receive love.

Question 36

All of the following are physiological needs except

A) food.
B) sex.
C) the need for relationships.
D) sleep.

Question 37

In order to satisfy the need for esteem,

A) we must have every lower need completely met and satisfied.
B) praise and recognition from others is enough.
C) we need feelings of self-worth in ourselves and status and recognition from others.
D) we should confront our unconscious desires to feel inferior.

Question 38

Lower needs are

A) stronger than the higher needs.
B) called deficiency needs.
C) more necessary for survival than the higher needs.
D) all of the answers

Question 39

A person may satisfy all the other needs in the hierarchy,

A) and still be genetically inferior to others.
B) and have maximized their creative talents and abilities without becoming self-actualized.
C) and still be content, satisfied, and complete without becoming self-actualized.
D) but may be frustrated, restless, and have discontent if they do not become self-actualized.

Question 40

The needs to know and to understand are

A) innate.
B) learned in infancy.
C) not operative until self-actualization is achieved.
D) not found in any species other than our own.

Question 41

The tendency to self-actualize can be impeded by

A) a saintly attitude.
B) our doubts about our own abilities.
C) child-rearing practices that prevent learning the need.
D) spirituality.

Question 42

According to Maslow,truly self-actualized people constitute ____ of the population.

A) less than 1%
B) about 10%
C) about 50%
D) nearly 90%

Question 43

Self-actualizers can occasionally

A) feel doubt and shame.
B) be hurtful to others.
C) experience conflict and tension.
D) all of the answers.

Question 44

Self-actualizers are independent; they can even be perceived as

A) unable to listen to the viewpoints of others.
B) religiously or socially biased.
C) racially biased.
D) aloof and unfriendly.

Question 45

The perceptions of self-actualizers are

A) objective and unbiased.
B) distorted.
C) focused on themselves.
D) related to peak experiences.

Question 46

All of the following are characteristics of self-actualized persons except

A) an efficient perception of reality.
B) an acceptance of themselves, others, and nature.
C) spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness.
D) a complete acceptance of the norms and beliefs of the majority.

Question 47

Maslow's term for fears about one's abilities is

A) the Jonah complex.
B) the need for succorance.
C) conditions of worth.
D) self-non-actualization.

Question 48

A peak experience occurs when

A) the self is transcended and a person feels supremely powerful.
B) feelings of depression and hopelessness momentarily overtake a person.
C) we win a great victory over all our competitors.
D) a person gets a brief glimpse of his or her failures and shortcomings.

Question 49

In their personal relationships,self-actualizers

A) disdain the weaknesses of others.
B) actively seek the company of others.
C) depend on themselves, not others.
D) have many close friends.

Question 50

Self-actualizers find pleasure and excitement through their dedication to hard work because

A) they are driven to satisfy lower needs.
B) it enables them to satisfy metaneeds.
C) they are driven by deficiency needs.
D) hard work alone provides peak experiences.

Question 51

Maslow's personality theory grew out of his research on the characteristics of

A) average, slightly neurotic people.
B) people with IQs in the genius range.
C) self-actualized persons.
D) primate species that are closely related to humans.

Question 52

Self-actualizers

A) do not have any need for privacy.
B) experience no isolation.
C) appreciate what they have and take little for granted.
D) undertake their tasks for money, fame, and power.

Question 53

During a peak experience,the person

A) feels powerful, confident, and decisive.
B) is fully aware of their unconscious.
C) is rebirthed.
D) is dominated by the ego.

Question 54

If the need for self-actualization is innate,why is it so rarely achieved?

A) The higher the need in the hierarchy, the weaker it is.
B) Sufficient love in childhood is a prerequisite.
C) We have fears and doubts about our abilities (the Jonah complex).
D) All of the answers.

Question 55

Maslow believed strongly in

A) determinism.
B) the environment as the sole determiner of personality.
C) free will.
D) genetic limitations in personality development.

Question 56

Metapathology results from

A) frustration of the metaneeds.
B) frustration of the needs to know and to understand.
C) a cause that is clear to the person.
D) self-actualization.

Question 57

Maslow called moments of intense ecstasy,power,and transcendence of the self

A) peak experiences.
B) metamotives.
C) delusions.
D) being moments.

Question 58

Maslow's image of human nature takes the position of

A) pessimism.
B) free will.
C) equilibrium.
D) determinism.

Question 59

Self-actualizers

A) focus on problems outside themselves.
B) focus mostly on their own goals and tasks.
C) focus on fulfilling childhood dreams and desires.
D) focus on their need to have many friends.

Question 60

All of the following are characteristics of self-actualizers except

A) a freshness of appreciation.
B) intolerance.
C) a need for privacy.
D) autonomy.

Question 61

Maslow was considered the founder and leader of humanistic psychology.

Question 62

Maslow suggested that failure to satisfy the need for love is a fundamental cause of emotional maladjustment.

Question 63

Much of the POI research

A) focuses on lower needs.
B) deals with metaneeds.
C) uses the correlational method.
D) uses children as subjects.

Question 64

The need to know and to understand early in childhood,are called the cognitive needs.

Question 65

Maslow admitted that we have needs that are hereditary,however,these needs are overwritten by learning,social expectations,and fear of disapproval.

Question 66

High POI scores correlate negatively with

A) alcoholism.
B) academic achievement.
C) low neuroticism scores.
D) dependence.

Question 67

Maslow's work on self-actualization began as an attempt to understand the personalities of

A) psychoanalytic pioneers Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler.
B) statisticians Raymond Cattell and Hans Eysenck.
C) anthropologist Ruth Benedict and Gestalt psychologist Max Wertheimer.
D) mystic Carl Jung and scientist B. F. Skinner.

Question 68

Maslow called the higher needs physiological needs.

Question 69

Maslow's theory

A) has been faulted for the small size of his sample.
B) declined in influence in the 1960s.
C) is the most popular trait theory.
D) is popular in psychology but has little relevance elsewhere.

Question 70

According to Maslow,we are driven by all our needs at one time.

Question 71

The primary assessment technique Maslow used in his study of self-actualizers was

A) dream analysis.
B) the 16 PF Test.
C) the Thematic Apperception Test.
D) Maslow used any technique that seemed appropriate.

Question 72

The Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)

A) is a projective technique.
B) measures time competence and inner directedness.
C) was developed by Maslow to identify self-actualizers.
D) has low validity.

Question 73

Satisfaction for the need for self-actualization allows us to feel productive and confident of our strength,worth,and adequacy.

Question 74

Metamotivation is sometimes called D-motivation.

Question 75

Maslow has been criticized on the grounds that his research

A) should have included neurotics and psychotics.
B) simply restated what psychology already knew about personality.
C) is not scientifically rigorous.
D) does not apply outside the laboratory.

Question 76

In his famous study of self-actualizers,Maslow focused on

A) college students being treated for depression.
B) Nobel prize winners over a 50-year period.
C) notable political leaders.
D) a few dozen creative people, living and dead.

Question 77

Maslow had an ideal childhood where he would have described both of his parents as being self-actualized.

Question 78

Maslow admitted his theory was not highly scientific,but he argued that

A) his young followers eventually would provide experimental support.
B) science is not important in the study of human psychology.
C) any idea that becomes popular must be right.
D) it fits well with the personal experiences of most people.

Question 79

The safety needs are important driving forces,especially for children and neurotic adults.

Question 80

Maslow's primary research method was the

A) case study.
B) experimental method.
C) correlational method.
D) Maslow did not use these traditional research techniques.