Deck 11: Work and Unemployment

Question 1

Karl Marx developed the term alienation to describe the powerlessness that some workers experience.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Bonded labour is most common in South America.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In developing countries with little industrialization, more than half the labour force works in the primary work sector.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The overall standard of living is higher in capitalistic countries.

Question 5

Among the many important contributions of queer theory to the understanding of work and economy is a corrective to the traditional view that the home sphere is heterosexual.

Question 6

Child labour also increases poverty by depressing already low wages.

Question 7

Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by repetitive trauma.

Question 8

Postindustrialization refers to the shift from an industrial economy dominated by manufacturing jobs to an economy dominated by service-oriented, information-intensive occupations.

Question 9

Very few countries in the world have laws that limit or prohibit the extent to which children can be employed.

Question 10

Capitalism emphasizes public rather than private ownership.

Question 11

Most of the work-related injuries that occur to white-collar workers are of the repeated trauma variety.

Question 12

Corporate multinationalism results in higher labour costs for corporations.

Question 13

According to the 1999 Canadian Workplace and Employee Survey, in 1999 almost all employees in knowledge-based industries were unionized.

Question 14

Child prostitution occurs only in developing countries.

Question 15

Corporate multinationalism is the practice of corporations having their home base in one country and branches, or affiliates, in other countries.

Question 16

According to the 1996-1997 National Population Health Survey, single parents were twice as likely to report high job stress as Canadians in couple relationships without children.

Question 17

Cumulative trauma disorders are classified as injuries, not illnesses, because they involve sudden, instantaneous traumatic events.

Question 18

Feminist work illuminates the constraints of gender-role divisions between the public and private worlds of paid employment and domestic work.

Question 19

In 1996 in Canada, men's rate of time-loss injury was more than two and a half times that of women.

Question 20

Multinationalism results in fewer jobs in Canada.

Question 21

In Canada, job sharers are most likely to be poorly educated individuals in blue-collar jobs.

Question 22

The primary labour market refers to jobs that involve low pay, no security, few benefits, and little chance for advancement.

Question 23

Job exportation had a particularly profound effect on garment workers and the Canadian garment industry in the 1990s.

Question 24

Job exportation contributes to Canadian unemployment.

Question 25

Canadian women workers are more likely than their male counterparts to be unionized.

Question 26

Structural unemployment exists when there are not enough jobs available for those who want them.

Question 27

When Arlie Hochschild (1997) asked her sample of employed parents, "overall, how well do you feel you can balance the demands of your work and family?" most said "very well."

Question 28

Job exportation refers to the replacement of human labour with machinery and equipment.

Question 29

The primary labour market refers to jobs that are stable, economically rewarding, and come with benefits.

Question 30

The Canadian Labour Code in 1986 established the right of workers to be told about the potential hazards of workplace materials.

Question 31

Currently in Canada, only women can take paid parental leave from work.

Question 32

The Canadian economy can be described as a split labour market.

Question 33

Behaviour-based safety programs are usually union-driven.

Question 34

In spring 2006, which provincial legislature ruled that children could enter into paid labour at age 12, while in the rest of Canada the entry age remains set at 14?

A) Ontario
B) British Columbia
C) Alberta
D) Manitoba

Question 35

According to the Canadian Longitudinal Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (1999), the odds of a new mother returning early to work were almost eight times higher for the self-employed than for employees.

Question 36

During the first half of 2000, almost all of Canada's blue-collar workers were union members.

Question 37

Most mothers in Canada, even those with very young children, are employed in the paid workforce.

Question 38

What is the global economy?

A) the total amount of goods and services produced by different countries
B) an international network of economic activity
C) a system of international banking practices
D) a concept that stopped being viable in the 1990s

Question 39

Corporate downsizing, by definition, is usually temporary.

Question 40

In Canada, nurses and teachers are most likely to be job sharers.

Question 41

Which of the following work sectors involves the production of manufactured goods from raw materials (e.g. paper from wood)?

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) para-professional

Question 42

In which of the following circumstances does brain drain occur?

A) when jobs require long periods of intense concentration
B) when a person works in a job that doesn't require much thought or problem-solving ability
C) when highly skilled and educated people leave their home country in search of work abroad
D) when the best workers are promoted to managerial and administrative positions, leaving incompetent workers to do the other jobs

Question 43

Which of the following is characteristic of capitalism?

A) economic motivation through profit
B) governmental control of the economy
C) government and big business cooperation
D) the development of unions

Question 44

Which feminists tend to focus on policy initiatives ensuring equal pay for equal work, family-work balance, and child-labour concerns?

A) radical feminists
B) socialist feminists
C) liberal feminists
D) conflict feminists

Question 45

According to the textbook, which of the following situations would be called "pure capitalism"?

A) when market forces can operate without interference from the government
B) when goods and services are equitably distributed according to the needs of the citizens
C) when private citizens own the means of production and pursue profits but do so within a vast system of laws designed to protect the welfare of the population
D) when there are no international laws governing commerce

Question 46

Which of the following characterizes industrialized societies?

A) sweatshop-type working conditions
B) cohesion based on interdependence
C) a low division of labour
D) a massive middle management structure

Question 47

Which of the following perspectives sees societal development as being dependent on having an economic surplus in a society?

A) conflict
B) symbolic interactionist
C) structural-functionalist
D) social control

Question 48

Which of the following does socialism emphasize?

A) private rather than public ownership
B) public rather than private ownership
C) a free-market economy
D) a global economy

Question 49

According to the conflict perspective, who or what benefits from the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

A) the environment
B) the poor
C) workers
D) big corporations

Question 50

Which of the following is a characteristic of post-industrialization?

A) a highly educated workforce
B) an economy dominated by manufacturing jobs
C) a lower standard of living
D) a pyramid-shaped class structure

Question 51

In which of the following countries was the factory system of production first introduced?

A) Germany
B) the United States
C) Japan
D) England

Question 52

I am a sociologist who sees that the work role is a central part of a person's identity. What perspective am I likely to be writing from?

A) conflict
B) symbolic interactionist
C) structural-functionalist
D) social control

Question 53

Dianne is a worker at a particular business. She is an open lesbian. In order to avoid being targeted by those who don't like her sexual orientation, what is she likely to engage in?

A) impression management
B) secondary adjustments
C) conversation avoidance
D) discrimination management

Question 54

Which of the following work sectors involves the production of raw materials and food goods?

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) para-professional

Question 55

In which type of economy are you more likely to find an abundance of service-oriented jobs?

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) para-professional

Question 56

Which of the following is the period of the "industrial revolution," when the factory system was introduced in England?

A) the late 1600s and early 1700s
B) the mid-1700s and early 1800s
C) the mid-1800s and early 1900s
D) the early twenty-first century

Question 57

Some theorists have suggested that capitalistic countries will adopt elements of socialism, and socialist countries will adopt elements of capitalism. What is this idea called?

A) integration hypothesis
B) reconciliation hypothesis
C) parallel hypothesis
D) convergence hypothesis

Question 58

Which of the following perspectives states that capitalism benefits an elite class that controls not only the economy, but other aspects of society as well?

A) conflict
B) symbolic interactionist
C) structural-functionalist
D) social control

Question 59

Jim works at a job where technology is rapidly changing and he is having a hard time keeping up. Jim is likely experiencing which of the following?

A) anomie
B) primary capitalism
C) brain drain
D) technostress

Question 60

In some countries, children learn to regard working as a necessary and important responsibility and rite of passage, rather than as an abuse of human rights. According to which of the following perspectives do the meanings and definitions of child labour contribute to its perpetuation?

A) conflict theory
B) symbolic interactionism
C) structural-functionalism
D) social control theory

Question 61

Which of the following medical conditions is a good example of a type of cumulative trauma disorder?

A) tendonitis
B) ulcer
C) stroke
D) cancer

Question 62

Which of the following involves high rates of unemployment among particular social groups, such as racial and ethnic minorities and women?

A) structural unemployment
B) discriminatory unemployment
C) corporate downsizing
D) underemployment

Question 63

As of 2006, which is the only province that allows children at the age of 12 to enter into paid labour?

A) Ontario
B) Quebec
C) Prince Edward Island
D) British Columbia

Question 64

What is the term for disorders associated with repeatedphysical harm, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, and noise-induced hearing loss?

A) cumulative trauma disorders
B) muscular atrophy
C) bi-lateral function diminishment
D) ulna nerve-related disorders

Question 65

Six hundred new lawyers graduate in a given year from Ontario law schools. The province does not need this many new lawyers. Some of these graduates are likely to experience which of the following?

A) educational inflation
B) discriminatory unemployment
C) structural unemployment
D) job exportation

Question 66

According to the International Labour Organization (2001), how much of the world's workforce is unemployed or underemployed?

A) one-fifth
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) three-quarters

Question 67

In Canada, which of the following is the most dangerous occupation?

A) policing
B) the cutting and loading of rock
C) general mine labouring
D) operating small engines

Question 68

Which of the following usually has four components: powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, and self-estrangement?

A) postindustrialization
B) the brain drain
C) automation
D) alienation

Question 69

Among individuals who are unemployed, which of the following is included in unemployment figures?

A) those who are actively seeking employment
B) those who have given up on finding a job
C) those who are on a disability pension
D) those who have been fired

Question 70

According to the textbook, there are two types of unemployment. One type is called discriminatory. What is the other type called?

A) nondiscriminatory
B) mandated
C) structural
D) functional

Question 71

In 1996, what was the most common labour force status of Canadian couples with children?

A) both partners were in the labour force
B) only the husband was in the labour force
C) only the wife was in the labour force
D) neither partner was in the labour force

Question 72

In Canada, which of the following groups tends to have the highest rate of work-related deaths?

A) women who work with the chronically ill
B) men who work in the trades
C) police officers
D) fire fighters

Question 73

According to Karl Marx, when workers are merely cogs in a machine, they become estranged from their work, the product they create, other human beings, and themselves. What did Marx call this estrangement?

A) anomie
B) alienation
C) the self-fulfilling prophecy
D) verstehn

Question 74

Shift work has been found by MacKenzie (2007) to contribute to which of the following ailments?

A) muscular dystrophy
B) respiratory problems
C) cardiovascular problems
D) gout

Question 75

Sweatshops are likely to be found in which of the following industries?

A) automobile manufacturing
B) the garment industry
C) food services
D) construction

Question 76

Randy has an M.A. degree and is currently working at the mall selling shoes. Randy is likely to be experiencing which of the following?

A) employment-related stress
B) employment dissonance
C) discriminatory employment
D) underemployment

Question 77

Which of the following was found to be the most dangerous country for union activists?

A) India
B) Canada
C) the United States
D) Colombia

Question 78

Which of the following is part of alienation in the workplace?

A) excessive creativity
B) powerlessness
C) self-fulfillment
D) freedom

Question 79

Sydney is brought to Canada for free. She is required to work off the cost of her travel here. She is likely being forced into which of the following?

A) slavery
B) a sweatshop
C) bonded labour
D) a work camp

Question 80

According to the textbook, in which countries is child prostitution most often found?

A) equatorial countries
B) poorer countries
C) wealthier countries
D) northern hemisphere countries