Deck 14: Australia and Oceania

Question 1

What landform and/or vegetation pattern dominates in Australia?

A) deserts
B) mountains
C) plains
D) forests
E) wetlands

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following countries is NOT part of Melanesia?

A) Fiji
B) Papua New Guinea
C) New Zealand
D) Solomon Islands
E) Vanuatu

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What caused the dramatic decline in Guam's native bird species?

A) climatic change in the region
B) the elimination by humans of its food supply
C) the thinning of their eggshells and the subsequent death of their young as a result of heavy DDT use on the island in the 1970s
D) radiation poisoning caused by nuclear tests of the United States and France
E) the accidental introduction of the non-native brown tree snake

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which of the following environmental problems is NOT a major issue in Australia/Oceania?

A) Major mining operations have threatened the environment.
B) Global warming threatens to drown islands of the region as sea levels rise.
C) Wide-scale burning of forests after they have been cleared is creating smoke pollution.
D) Exotic plants and animals are leading to the extinction of indigenous species.
E) Woodlands have been destroyed to produce pastures.

Question 5

Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?

A) off the west coast of Australia
B) along Australia's southern coast
C) along Australia's east coast
D) off the northeastern coast of Australia
E) off the southwestern coast of Australia

Question 6

Which of the following countries have discussed introducing the "flatulence " tax to help curb methane emissions?

A) Australia
B) New Zealand
C) Guam
D) Nauru
E) Papua New Guinea

Question 7

High islands

A) typically grow higher once the source of magma is exhausted.
B) are rarely fringed by coral reefs.
C) usually result from the collision of two tectonic plates.
D) are present throughout much of Oceania.
E) have no relationship to volcanoes.

Question 8

Of the following countries of Australia/Oceania,which is located farthest south?

A) Micronesia
B) Papua New Guinea
C) Honolulu
D) Marshall Islands
E) New Zealand

Question 9

What is the greatest potential environmental threat to Oceania?

A) desertification
B) coastal pollution
C) grassification
D) climate change
E) smog

Question 10

What is the "Outback"?

A) New Zealand's mountainous pasture lands
B) Australia's huge, dry interior
C) the many islands of the South Pacific
D) a trendy neighborhood in Sydney, Australia
E) the name that Australians give to Tasmania

Question 11

What part of Australia/Oceania is most susceptible to tsunami hazards?

A) southern Australia
B) New Zealand's South Island
C) Tasmania
D) Papua New Guinea
E) Hawaii

Question 12

What land form dominates much of New Zealand?

A) volcanic mountains
B) wide plains
C) lush tropical rainforest
D) eroded sedimentary formations
E) deserts

Question 13

Why have countries of Oceania been major supporters of the conventions to limit the production of greenhouse gases?

A) They are the largest producers of these gases and want to serve as an example for the rest of the world on the issue of pollution control.
B) The Pacific states are the largest producers of wind and solar energy technology, which they can sell to nations that are reducing their carbon emissions and turning to alternative fuel sources.
C) The Pacific region has the lowest air quality.
D) Greenhouse gas emissions are directly related to global temperature increase and as sea levels rise, many of the Pacific islands will be drowned if global temperatures continue to increase.
E) Pacific Islanders are staunch environmentalists, and desire a healthy world environment for everyone.

Question 14

Many forests with this type of tree have been destroyed in Australia to make way for pastures.

A) pine
B) maple
C) eucalyptus
D) oak
E) bamboo

Question 15

Which part of the Australia/Oceania region receives the least amount of precipitation?

A) the northeast coast of New Zealand
B) the mid-slopes of the 13,000-foot-plus volcanoes of the island of Hawaii
C) anywhere in Samoa
D) the largest of the Marshall Islands
E) the interior of Australia

Question 16

Which of the following places is the best example of an atoll?

A) the Australian continent
B) New Zealand's South Island
C) Papua New Guinea
D) Tasmania
E) Kwajalein

Question 17

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the climates of New Zealand?

A) rivers
B) latitude
C) moderating effects of the Pacific Ocean
D) proximity to local mountains
E) volcanic peaks

Question 18

The brown tree snake

A) is a native species of Guam.
B) swam to Guam from nearby islands.
C) was accidentally introduced to Guam in cargo shipped from the Solomon Islands.
D) has proved beneficial to Guam's natural environment.
E) was brought to Guam as an exotic pet.

Question 19

In which country are Maoris the indigenous people?

A) Australia
B) Fiji
C) New Zealand
D) Solomon Islands
E) Vanuatu

Question 20

Which country of the region of Australia and Oceania signed the Kyoto Protocol in 2007,leaving the U.S.as the only industrialized country that has not signed the agreement?

A) Australia
B) Fiji
C) New Zealand
D) Palau
E) Samoa

Question 21

Which country of the Australia/Oceania region has the highest population density?

A) Australia
B) New Zealand
C) Nauru
D) Guam
E) Tasmania

Question 22

What is the approximate population of New Zealand?

A) 1 million
B) 4 million
C) 8 million
D) 10 million
E) 12 million

Question 23

What is the second-most populous country in the Australia/Oceania region?

A) Australia
B) Papua New Guinea
C) Fiji
D) Nauru
E) New Zealand

Question 24

In the early days of its colonization,Britain used Australia as a

A) source of natural resources.
B) source of slaves.
C) tourist destination.
D) prison colony.
E) plantation.

Question 25

In what part of Australia do most of its people live?

A) southeast
B) southwest
C) northwest
D) northeast
E) the Outback

Question 26

What is the largest country (in terms of land area as well as population)in the region encompassing Australia and Oceania?

A) Australia
B) Fiji
C) New Zealand
D) Solomon Islands
E) Vanuatu

Question 27

What is the most urbanized country in the Australia/Oceania region?

A) Australia
B) Samoa
C) Vanuatu
D) New Caledonia
E) Marshall Islands

Question 28

Where did European colonization of Australia and Oceania begin?

A) New Zealand's North Island
B) Australia
C) the Cook Islands
D) the Marshall Islands
E) Fiji

Question 29

Which of the following areas of Australia/Oceania has NOT been affected by mining?

A) Australia
B) Hawaii
C) Papua New Guinea
D) New Caledonia
E) Nauru

Question 30

What causes a tsunami?

A) an earthquake
B) a volcano
C) a monsoon
D) climate change
E) orographic precipitation

Question 31

Where do Australian cities tend to be located?

A) in the country's interior
B) on the western margin of the country
C) on the northern portion of the country
D) along the coasts
E) in the country's mountainous region

Question 32

What is the cultural origin of the majority of Australia's population?

A) the Aboriginal population
B) France
C) Spain
D) Britain
E) South Asia

Question 33

Viticulture refers to the growing of what crop?

A) apples
B) tomatoes
C) cut flowers
D) grapes
E) kiwi fruit

Question 34

What is the approximate population of Australia?

A) 5 million
B) 10 million
C) 15 million
D) 22 million
E) 30 million

Question 35

What event sets off the process that creates an atoll?

A) volcanic eruption
B) earthquake
C) erosion
D) nuclear explosion
E) rifting

Question 36

What is the name of the policy in Australia that promoted immigration from Europe and North America at the expense of other groups?

A) Anglo Australia Policy
B) White Australia Policy
C) British Commonwealth Immigration Initiative
D) Australia for Australians
E) Pure Australia Policy

Question 37

What is New Zealand's most important commercial livestock?

A) cattle
B) hogs
C) kangaroos
D) llamas
E) sheep

Question 38

An atoll typically has all of the following characteristics,EXCEPT

A) a high central peak.
B) a fringing coral reef.
C) sand formed from coral.
D) an oval or circular shape.
E) a lagoon in its center.

Question 39

The Hawaiian Islands were formed by

A) the subduction of the Pacific plate under the Indo-Australian plate.
B) the rifting of the Pacific plate and the Indo-Australian plate.
C) an active hot spot beneath the moving Pacific Plate.
D) large-scale undersea earthquakes building up the land surface beneath the sea.
E) Plate movement od accreted lands from the US Mainland.

Question 40

Why does the population of Nauru cluster together in quasi-urban settings?

A) It is a cultural tradition for them to live in close quarters.
B) The brown tree snake population is so large and dangerous that the island's inhabitants must live in large, fenced, snake-proof compounds.
C) Phosphate mining on the island has left limited room for habitation.
D) They are at war with the Solomon Islands and must live in fortified compounds.
E) The settlements are located at the few sources of water on the island.

Question 41

What is Australia's main export to China?

A) textiles
B) consumer goods
C) information technology
D) iron ore
E) lumber

Question 42

Where did Australia's Aborigine population originate?

A) New Zealand
B) Southern Asia
C) Eastern Asia
D) Polynesia
E) Latin America

Question 43

Where are Australia's largest copper,silver,lead,and gold mines located?

A) in South Australia
B) in the Northern Territory
C) in Victoria
D) in New South Wales and Queensland
E) along the southwest coast

Question 44

What product is mined extensively on the island of Nauru in Micronesia?

A) gold
B) phosphates
C) lead
D) copper
E) iron ore

Question 45

What are kanakas?

A) Pacific Island laborers who worked on the plantations in Australia
B) shepherds from Fiji who worked on the sheep farms of New Zealand
C) people from the Marshall Islands who were harmed by the nuclear tests there
D) an indigenous ethnic group on Bora Bora
E) high ranking members of the Maori group

Question 46

What is New Zealand's current economic strategy?

A) It is a socialist state.
B) It is one of the most market-oriented countries in the world.
C) It is a highly regulated economy.
D) It seeks to strike a balance between market-orientation and appropriate regulation.
E) Most industries are owned by the government.

Question 47

Who are "uncontacted peoples"?

A) people who do not have Internet hook-ups
B) people who do not have telephones
C) people who do not have access to television
D) cultural groups that have yet to be "discovered" by the Western world
E) cultural groups, like the Maroons in Latin America, who make a point of living away from major population centers

Question 48

Which country of Australia/Oceania is known by its indigenous people as Aotearoa?

A) Australia
B) Fiji
C) New Zealand
D) Tasmania
E) New Caledonia

Question 49

In which part of Australia is most viticulture concentrated?

A) in the Northern Territory
B) just outside of Sydney
C) along the continent's southwestern tip
D) in the continent's interior
E) in the Outback

Question 50

Where in Australia/Oceania do anthropologists have the greatest chance of finding "uncontacted peoples"?

A) Australia
B) New Zealand
C) Fiji
D) New Guinea
E) Tasmania

Question 51

What was the purpose of the White Australia Policy?

A) to promote the emigration of Australians who were of European descent to other nations in the South Pacific
B) to encourage Australians of European descent to migrate from Australia's densely settled east coast to the more sparsely settled interior and west coast
C) It was an ethnic isolationist policy established by the Australian government, which sought to place the country's entire aboriginal population on reservation-like holdings in the far western portion of the country.
D) to promote immigration of (white) North Americans and Europeans to Australia
E) to clean up the country's white sand beaches, which had been seriously polluted by mining

Question 52

When Europeans arrived in Australia,what livelihood was most important to the Aborigines?

A) fishing
B) pastoral nomadism
C) hunting and gathering
D) plantation agriculture
E) swidden

Question 53

What was the purpose of the Native Title Bill,which became law in Australia in 1993?

A) to restrain the autonomy of Australia's aboriginal population
B) to establish an aboriginal state in the northeastern portion of Western Australia
C) to grant Australia's aboriginal population the state of Tasmania
D) to grant Australia's aboriginal population the right to establish gambling operations on their lands
E) to give Australia's aboriginal population greater control over sacred lands

Question 54

What strategy has been valuable to both Maoris and Aborigines in their efforts to gain greater control over their ancestral land and resources?

A) acts of terrorism
B) consumer boycotts
C) bribery
D) the political process
E) civil disobedience

Question 55

About how many different languages have been identified in Papua New Guinea?

A) 1
B) 30
C) 200
D) 350
E) 1,000

Question 56

What is the situation today between indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians in Fiji?

A) The two groups coexist peacefully.
B) Ethnic tensions exist between the two groups.
C) Intermarriage between the two groups is common.
D) The Indo-Fijians have enslaved the indigenous Fijians.
E) The indigenous Fijians have enslaved the Indo-Fijians.

Question 57

Why did South Asians migrate to Fiji?

A) They had committed crimes in India, and came as prisoners.
B) to fill labor shortages in the sugarcane fields
C) They came to colonize Fiji.
D) They were fleeing civil war in India.
E) They came as a result of a government policy in India to relieve overcrowding.

Question 58

Recently,Papua New Guinea has diversified its economy from the export of coconut products and coffee to include what other product?

A) silicon chips
B) copper and gold
C) tropical hardwoods and forest products
D) cattle
E) sheep

Question 59

What economic activity is most important for Australia's economy?

A) high technology
B) tourism
C) wool production
D) mining
E) movies

Question 60

Besides Indigenous Fijians,what other dominant ethnic group is in Fiji?

A) South Asians
B) Maoris
C) Aborigines
D) Chinese
E) Europeans

Question 61

An atoll refers to a combination of sandy islands,barrier coral reefs,and shallow central lagoons.

Question 62

An active hot spot beneath the moving Pacific Plate formed Micronesia.

Question 63

In the region of Australia/Oceania,you would find a fjord in New Zealand.

Question 64

Goats,introduced in Australia,reached plague proportions,but were finally brought under control only after the purposeful introduction of a disease that affected only this particular introduced species.

Question 65

Deserts dominate in Australia.

Question 66

The brown tree snake was intentionally introduced to Guam in cargo shipped from the Solomon Islands.

Question 67

High islands are present throughout much of Oceania.

Question 68

In the Australia/Oceania region,you would expect the highest amount of rain near the interior of Australia.

Question 69

Volcanic mountains dominate much of New Zealand.

Question 70

DDT caused the dramatic decline in Guam's native bird species.

Question 71

Papua New Guinea is very susceptible to tsunami hazards.

Question 72

Many exotic animals introduced to Australia have dramatically accelerated the process of desertication.

Question 73

Countries of Oceania have been major supporters of the Kyoto Protocol.

Question 74

What is the least developed and poorest part of Oceania?

A) Micronesia
B) Polynesia
C) Melanesia
D) Tasmania
E) New Zealand

Question 75

How much of Hawaii's economy flows directly from tourist dollars?

A) about 1/5
B) about 1/4
C) about 1/3
D) about 1/2
E) about 2/3

Question 76

The Great Barrier Reef is located off the northeastern coast of Australia.

Question 77

A tsunami is caused by monsoons.

Question 78

Which of the following places exports the most manufactured goods to Australia?

A) Saudi Arabia
B) United States
C) European Union
D) Africa
E) New Zealand

Question 79

New Zealand is the largest country (in terms of land area)in the region encompassing Australia and Oceania.

Question 80

What country in Oceania is a favorite of tourists from Japan and Korea?

A) Guam
B) Bora Bora
C) French Polynesia
D) Hawaii
E) Tonga