Deck 10: Food and Agriculture

Question 1

Pigs are especially scarce in ________ regions, such as southwestern Asia and northern Africa.

A) predominantly poor
B) predominantly Hindu
C) predominantly Muslim
D) predominantly Baptist
E) predominantly rich

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Agriculture originated when ________.

A) humans domesticated plants and animals for their use
B) people decided that hunting was too difficult
C) people came together to divide the earth into farming plots
D) kings forced their subjects to stay in towns and villages
E) when wives forced their husbands to get into the field and get food

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Figure 10.4.3, Income Spent of Food
Looking at Figure 10.4.3, which of the following countries spends the least percentage of their income on food?

A) Argentina
B) India
C) Egypt
D) Madagascar
E) Nigeria

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The United Nations defines ________ as physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

A) caloric intake guidelines
B) human rights
C) freedom
D) economic liberty
E) food security

Question 5

Which of the following countries produce the most wine?

A) Canada
B) Australia
C) Mexico
D) Denmark
E) India

Question 6

Which of the following countries is the world's leading producer of pig meat?

A) United States
B) Germany
C) Brazil
D) China
E) Russia

Question 7

Meat accounts for approximately one-third of all protein intake in developed countries, compared to approximately ________ in developing ones.

A) one-tenth
B) one-eighth
C) one-fifth
D) one-quarter
E) one-half

Question 8

Today it is estimated that about ________ still survive by hunting and gathering rather than by agriculture.

A) 5 million
B) 2 million
C) 750,000
D) 400,000
E) 250,000

Question 9

________ is the amount of food that an individual consumes.

A) Free caloric intake
B) Net human synthesis
C) Gross dietary calories
D) Dietary energy consumption
E) Calculated Food Intake

Question 10

The combination of soil, climate, and other physical features that contribute to the distinctive taste of a wine is referred to as:

A) ecosystem
B) climate
C) terroir
D) taboo
E) niche

Question 11

Which of the following provides the bulk of the protein in most developing countries?

A) meat
B) soya
C) cereals
D) lentils
E) genetically modified cane sugar

Question 12

Figure 10.4.3, Income Spent of Food
In which of the following regions has there been little change in per capita food production in half a century?

A) South Asia
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
C) East Asia
D) Western Europe
E) North America

Question 13

Which of the following is not considered one of the global crop hearths?

A) East Asia
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
C) Southwest Asia
D) Southeast Asia
E) Central North America

Question 14

Figure 10.4.3, Income Spent of Food
Globally, among developing regions, which of the following regions had by far the largest decrease in the number of undernourished people in the last twenty years?

A) East Asia
B) South Asia
C) Sub-Saharan Africa
D) Latin America
E) Russia

Question 15

Figure 10.2.8, Protein from Meat
Looking at Figure 10.2.8, which of the following countries gets the least percentage of its protein from meats?

A) Canada
B) Mexico
C) Argentina
D) Brazil
E) Mongolia

Question 16

The first domestication of crops and animals occurred about ________ years ago.

A) 5 million
B) 2 million
C) 500,000
D) 100,000
E) 10,000

Question 17

The horse is thought to have been domesticated in this area.

A) North Africa
B) Central Asia
C) Western North America
D) Southern Europe
E) Russia

Question 18

Figure 10.2.8, Protein from Meat
Looking at Figure 10.2.8, which of the following countries get the highest percentage of their protein from meat?

A) South Africa
B) India
C) Russia
D) China
E) Egypt

Question 19

It is believed that the first domestication of crops and animals coincided with ________.

A) climate change
B) scarcity of deer
C) overpopulation
D) deforestation
E) outbreak of disease

Question 20

Figure 10.4.3, Income Spent of Food
Looking at Figure 10.4.3, which of the following countries spends the most percentage of their income on food?

A) United States
B) Canada
C) Russia
D) Australia
E) Brazil

Question 21

This is a form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animals.

A) bush fallowing
B) ranching
C) pastoral nomadism
D) mixed farming
E) swidden

Question 22

In which of the following regions is shifting cultivation more likely to be seen?

A) East Asia
B) Russia
C) Sub-Saharan Africa
D) Australia
E) Southwest Asia

Question 23

The ________ was largely responsible for preventing a food crisis in developing countries during the 1970s and 1980s

A) green revolution
B) US government
C) United Nations
D) Ford Foundation
E) IMF

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT true of plantation agriculture?

A) For many generations, plantations were important in the U.S. South, where the principal crop was cotton, followed by tobacco and sugarcane.
B) Plantation farming in the U.S. began to decline after the abolition of slavery
C) Today, plantation farms are mostly in developing countries
D) Crops they grow help feed about seventy percent of the population in the countries where they are
E) They are often owned and managed by Europeans and North Americans

Question 25

The UN Food and Agriculture Organization estimates the share of agricultural land farmed through ________ at 0.29 percent worldwide.

A) family farms
B) organic practices
C) fruit farming
D) subsistence agriculture
E) forestry and logging

Question 26

About ________ of the fish caught from the ocean is consumed directly by humans, whereas the remainder is converted to fish meal and fed to poultry and hogs.

A) one-third
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters
E) ninety percent

Question 27

Which of the following is another name for shifting cultivation?

A) plantation agriculture
B) crop rotation
C) ranching
D) slash and burn
E) bush fallowing

Question 28

In the developed world, ________ is the most important agriculture practiced near large urban areas.

A) vegetable growing
B) dairy farming
C) fruit farming
D) wheat production
E) ranching

Question 29

Figure 10.4.3, Income Spent of Food
In which of the following regions is shifting cultivation a prominent form of agriculture?

A) South Asia
B) East Asia
C) North Africa
D) Sub-Saharan Africa
E) Central America

Question 30

Which of the following countries is not one of the four top four net exporters (in terms of monetary value) of agricultural products?

A) Brazil
B) Argentina
C) The Netherlands
D) United States
E) Canada

Question 31

Which of the following is true of United States agriculture in the twenty-first century?

A) It has been losing over a million hectares annually
B) It is getting cheaper to buy a farm
C) Productivity on farms is going down
D) Agricultural subsidies have been eliminated
E) Most farmers are below the age of 30

Question 32

Which of the following is the predominant form of agriculture in the U.S. Southeast, particularly in Florida?

A) Commercial gardening and fruit farming
B) Ranching
C) Crop Rotation
D) Nomadism
E) Dairy Farming

Question 33

Which of the following countries produces the most wheat?

A) China
B) Russia
C) U.S.
D) Canada
E) Australia

Question 34

Historically, world food production increased primarily by:

A) expanding the amount of land devoted to agriculture
B) improving the number of people engaged in agriculture
C) increasing the amount of money invested in agriculture
D) seizing more land from poor people
E) none of the answer choices are correct.

Question 35

The U.S. has one of the lowest percentages of its population directly engaged in farming at ________ percent.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 8
D) 10
E) 14

Question 36

In developed countries around ________ percent of workers are engaged directly in farming, compared to around 50 percent in developing countries

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 15
E) 30

Question 37

In which of the following countries are you least likely to see a pastoral nomad?

A) Algeria
B) Saudi Arabia
C) India
D) Yemen
E) Kenya

Question 38

________ attempts to integrate the growing of crops and the raising of livestock as much as possible at the level of the individual farm.

A) Organic and traditional farming
B) Family farming
C) Organic farming
D) Sustainable agriculture
E) Commercial farming

Question 39

Which of the following is explained by von Thünen's model?

A) The availability of credit and how it influences the location of farms
B) The importance of proximity to market in the choice of crops on commercial farms
C) Farm sizes and the links to multi-generational farming
D) The benefits and ranches when cited close to big cities
E) The negative effects of farm subsidies on the family farm

Question 40

In the United States, the largest 5 percent of farms produced ________ percent of the country's total agriculture

A) 90
B) 75
C) 60
D) 50
E) 35

Question 41

Although pastoral nomads occupy about 40 percent of the Earth, there are only about 5 million people engaged in pastoral nomadism.

Question 42

Another name for shifting cultivation is slash and burn agriculture.

Question 43

A taboo is a restriction on behavior imposed by social custom.

Question 44

In arid and semiarid regions such as Southwest Asia, pastoral nomadism is an extremely important form of agriculture.

Question 45

As a country develops, the percentage of its workforce engaged directly in agriculture reduces partly because of more efficient practices and better technology.

Question 46

As a result of taboos against consuming pork, the number of pigs raised in different regions of the world has remained the same and even over the ages.

Question 47

Three leading cereal grains (corn, wheat, and rice) account for nearly 50 percent of all grain production and more than 80 percent of all dietary energy consumed worldwide.

Question 48

Geographers and other scientists agree that agriculture originated in multiple hearths around the world.

Question 49

Because of its long growing season, it's humid climate and its accessibility to large markets along the East Coast, commercial gardening and fruit farming are the main types of agriculture in the U.S. Southwest.

Question 50

The Sahel region of Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the regions of the world most prone to famine.

Question 51

Preference for living in a fixed place rather than as nomads is the most likely reason why hunters and gatherers built permanent settlements and stored surplus vegetation there.

Question 52

In developed countries, meat accounts for approximately one-third of all protein intake, whereas in developing countries, it is approximately one-tenth.

Question 53

Aquaculture is the cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.

Question 54

One of the principal distinctions between developed and developing regions is the primary source of protein.

Question 55

Hindu sanctions against consuming beef are explained in part by the need to maintain a large supply of oxen for use in ploughing and carting goods.

Question 56

Famine is dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity.

Question 57

It is estimated that a typical mixed commercial farm devotes nearly all land area to growing crops but derives more than 75 percent of its income from the sale of animal products, such as beef, milk, and eggs.

Question 58

The contribution of a location's distinctive physical features to the way food tastes is known by the term ecosystem.

Question 59

The United States has the world's highest consumption, 3,800 kcal per day per person.

Question 60

The first domestication of crops and animals around 10,000 years ago coincides with climate change.

Question 61

What is plantation agriculture and where are plantations typically found?

Question 62

Sustainable agriculture attempts to integrate the growing of crops and the raising of livestock as much as possible at the level of the individual farm.

Question 63

Briefly discuss the role and nature of government agricultural subsidies in the United States.

Question 64

In the U.S., government subsidies have been in place only since 2001 but have already contributed to the increase in the price of hogs and beef for the farmer and a reduction in prices in the supermarket.

Question 65

Although organic farming originated in Europe, today, virtually all organic farms are in the U.S.

Question 66

Discuss some of the strategies to improve food supply in the developing world.

Question 67

According to the textbook, world food production has increased primarily by expanding the amount of land devoted to agriculture.

Question 68

Globally, East Asia produces more fish that any other region.

Question 69

Globally, although trade in food has decreased dramatically, especially since 2000, the top three export grains are still wheat, corn, and barley.

Question 70

According to the Von Thünen model, later modified by geographers, a commercial farmer initially considers which crops to cultivate and which animals to raise based on market location.

Question 71

Discuss the different types of subsistence agriculture practiced around the world.

Question 72

What is commercial agriculture and what are the different types of commercial farms found in developed countries?

Question 73

What are the main differences between commercial farming and subsidence agriculture?

Question 74

Government subsidies for farmers are higher in Asia and South America than in Europe and North America.

Question 75

In the U.S., although the number of dairy cows has declined since 1960, production has increased because yield per cow has tripled

Question 76

Explain, with examples around the world, how the environment influences food choices and preferences.

Question 77

What is terroir and what role does it play in the characteristics of food?

Question 78

What is a food taboo and how does that influence the availability of pork around the world?

Question 79

How is food production affected by population growth in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Question 80

Ridge tillage is a system of planting crops on ridge tops and is part of the sustainable agricultural practice of protecting the soil.