Deck 12: Services and Settlements

Question 1

Which of the following do developing countries specialize in?

A) raw material production and high finance
B) offshore financial services and back office functions
C) high finance and transportation
D) transportation and manufacturing
E) medical tourism and banking

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Geographers apply ________ to create market-area studies that assist service providers with opening and expanding their facilities.

A) collateral rank-size rules
B) the concept of range-file-rank
C) central place theory
D) central primate city theory
E) the range of central service theory

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The two key components of central place theory are:

A) range and rank-size rule
B) rank-size rule and threshold
C) threshold and market share
D) market share and range
E) range and threshold

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Services generate more than two-thirds of GDP in most ________, compared to less than half in most ________.

A) developed countries; developing countries
B) urban areas; rural areas
C) developing countries; developed countries
D) rural areas; urban areas
E) Central Asian countries; Latin American countries

Question 5

Generally, if the settlement hierarchy does not graph as a straight line, then the society does not have:

A) an urbanized enough population
B) a rank-size distribution of settlements
C) enough cities for the people to have a good standard of living
D) any problems with crime and homelessness
E) a migration problem

Question 6

Which of the following is most relevant to the concept of threshold?

A) A department store has more than 50 employees
B) A survey reveals that people are prepared to drive 30 minutes to get to a department store
C) A department store typically needs roughly 25,000 people living within a 15-minute radius
D) A department store only carries female products
E) A drugstore has a loyalty card that is extremely generous

Question 7

Using the rank-size rule, a country's fourth largest city is expected to be about ________ the size of the largest city.

A) equivalent to
B) nine-tenths
C) one-tenth
D) one quarter
E) one-sixteenth

Question 8

________ is one way to explain how services are distributed and why a regular pattern of settlements exists, at least in developed countries such as the United States.

A) The von Thünen model
B) The concentric model
C) Central place theory
D) The sector model
E) The distance tolerance model

Question 9

Geographers typically predict the market share of a new store through the so-called ________.

A) analog method
B) central place theory method
C) threshold ruler timer
D) range analysis method
E) rank-size rule

Question 10

The ________ is the minimum number of people needed to support the service.

A) range
B) threshold
C) distance
D) hierarchy
E) law of equidistance

Question 11

World cities are most closely integrated into the global economic system because they are:

A) at the center of the flow of information and capital
B) in control of the flow of labor and technology
C) contributing money to local, regional, and national candidates for elective office
D) at the heart of the supply chain and they make sure goods move freely
E) integral to the growth and success of white collar crime

Question 12

The ________ predicts that the optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it.

A) gravity model
B) central place theory
C) rank-size rule
D) threshold rule
E) range predictor

Question 13

Generally, global cities are divided into:

A) categories called forward-leaning, stagnant, and backward-leaning cities.
B) two levels, called primate and non primate cities.
C) three levels, called alpha, beta, and gamma.
D) four levels, called alpha, beta, gamma, and delta.
E) none of the above.

Question 14

In the U.S., the ________ sector provides about 6 percent of all jobs.

A) financial
B) government
C) fishing
D) service
E) manufacturing

Question 15

An activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it is known as:

A) a favor
B) a transaction
C) a service
D) an activity
E) a kickback

Question 16

According to the primate city rule, the largest settlement has:

A) about the same size as the second ranking settlement
B) slightly more people than the second ranking settlement
C) more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement
D) about four times the population of the second ranking settlement
E) about ten times the population of the second ranking settlement

Question 17

This helps to explain the distribution of settlements of varying sizes in North Dakota. Larger settlements are fewer and farther apart, whereas smaller settlements are more frequent and closer together.

A) Rank-size rule
B) Range
C) Central place theory
D) Primate city rule
E) Range of service rule

Question 18

In the U.S., manufacturing centers are generally clustered in the:

A) old Northeastern manufacturing belt
B) deep South
C) Midwest
D) valleys along the Mississippi River
E) cities along the Mississippi Delta

Question 19

The ________ is the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.

A) threshold
B) range
C) distance
D) hierarchy
E) law of equidistance

Question 20

Geographers use ________ to represent market areas because of their geometric properties, compared with those of circles and squares.

A) octagons
B) hexagons
C) pentagons
D) triangles
E) heptagons

Question 21

A ________ is an agricultural-based community in which a number of families live in close proximity to one other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings.

A) clustered rural settlement
B) dispersed rural settlement
C) clustered linear rural settlement
D) clustered circular rural settlement
E) rural "main street" farm settlement

Question 22

Which of the following cities has a population of less than 20 million according to Demographia (but not necessarily according to other sources)?

A) Jakarta
B) Seoul
C) New York
D) Mexico City
E) Tokyo

Question 23

The ________ consists of a central open space surrounded by structures.

A) clustered rural settlement
B) dispersed rural settlement
C) clustered linear rural settlement
D) clustered circular rural settlement
E) main street settlement

Question 24

Figure 12.7.1, Economic Base of U.S. Cities
According to Figure 12.7.1, in which of the following regions are you most likely to find manufacturing of nondurable goods in the U.S.?

A) Southern California
B) The Midwest
C) The Northwest
D) The Southeast
E) The Great Lakes Region

Question 25

The service sector of the economy is subdivided into four types: consumer services, business services, academic services, and private services.

Question 26

________ feature buildings clustered along a road or body of water to facilitate communications.

A) Clustered rural settlements
B) Dispersed rural settlements
C) Clustered linear rural settlements
D) Clustered circular rural settlements
E) Main street settlements

Question 27

Attracting talented individuals is important for a city, in part because these individuals are:

A) those who make the city famous
B) responsible for promoting economic innovation
C) those who pay the largest share of taxes while sacrificing the most
D) those who run for political office
E) responsible for most of the high-tech jobs created

Question 28

Figure 12.7.1, Economic Base of U.S. Cities
According to Figure 12.7.1, in which of the following regions are you most likely to find the manufacturing of durable goods in the U.S.?

A) Southern California
B) The Northeast
C) The Northwest
D) The Southeast
E) The Great Lakes Region

Question 29

The percentage of people living in cities increased from 3 percent in 1800 to about ________ percent in 1950.

A) 90
B) 60
C) 40
D) 30
E) 15

Question 30

The concept of basic industries originally referred to ________.

A) manufacturing
B) trapping
C) mining
D) services like police and firefighters
E) banking

Question 31

Originally called Byzantium and now known as Istanbul, ________ became the world's largest settlement after the decline of Rome, and it remained the largest settlement for most of the next 1,000 years.

A) Baghdad
B) Tehran
C) Damascus
D) Constantinople
E) Mecca

Question 32

According to Demographia, how many cities in the world today have a population of at least 20 million?

A) 4
B) 8
C) 10
D) 15
E) 20

Question 33

Figure 12.7.1, Economic Base of U.S. Cities
________ are enterprises whose customers live in the same community; they are essentially consumer services.

A) Basic industries
B) Nonbasic industries
C) Social services
D) Human services
E) Temporary services

Question 34

Which of the following will a company in the U.S. not typically outsource to a developing country?

A) payroll management
B) processing insurance claims
C) transcription work
D) customer service phone banks
E) legal representation

Question 35

The world's population of urban settlements exceeded that of rural settlements for the first time in ________.

A) 1990
B) 1995
C) 2000
D) 2001
E) 2008

Question 36

Until around 300 B.C., the world's largest settlements were in ________.

A) Egypt and China
B) Mesopotamia and Egypt
C) Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley
D) The Indus Valley and the Yangtse Valley
E) The Yangtse Valley and Egypt

Question 37

New York's population swelled with the arrival of millions of immigrants, especially during:

A) the Second World War
B) the First World War
C) the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
D) the late seventeenth and early nineteenth centuries
E) the last 30 years

Question 38

The Caymans have only ________ inhabitants, but there are ________ companies located there (on paper), including several hundred banks and the world's four largest legal and accounting firms.

A) 1,300,000; 2,000,000
B) 220,000; 110,000
C) 120,000; 10,000
D) 60,000; 61,000
E) 40,000; 70,000

Question 39

A ________, seen in the contemporary North American rural landscape, is characterized by farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors, rather than alongside other farmers in settlements.

A) clustered rural settlement
B) dispersed rural settlement
C) clustered linear rural settlement
D) clustered circular rural settlement
E) main street settlement

Question 40

Permanent settlements existed prior to the beginning of recorded history around ________ years ago.

A) 10,000
B) 1,000
C) 200,000
D) 24,000
E) 5,000

Question 41

The threshold of a service is the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.

Question 42

Every settlement provides consumer services to people in a surrounding area, but not every settlement of a given size has the same number and types of business services.

Question 43

In his original study, Walter Christaller showed that the distances between settlements in southern Germany followed an irregular pattern that was difficult to predict.

Question 44

The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the threshold or the rank-size.

Question 45

A central place is a market center for the exchange of goods and services by people attracted from the surrounding area.

Question 46

In the global economy, developed countries specialize in two distinctive types of business services: offshore financial services and back-office functions.

Question 47

Headquarters of large corporations are clustered in world cities, and shares of these corporations are bought and sold on the stock exchanges located in world cities.

Question 48

Companies incorporated in an offshore center tend to have tax-free status regardless of the nationality of the owners.

Question 49

Generally, small settlements provide services with large thresholds, ranges, and market areas whereas large settlements provide services with small thresholds, ranges, and market areas.

Question 50

Basic industries are enterprises whose customers live in the same community; essentially, they are consumer services.

Question 51

The first step in forecasting sales for a proposed new retail outlet is to define the market or trade area where the store would derive most of its sales.

Question 52

About a quarter of all jobs in the United States are in business services.

Question 53

Mexico follows the primate city distribution because its largest city, Mexico City, is five times larger than its second largest city, Guadalajara.

Question 54

The range of a service is the minimum number of people needed to support the service.

Question 55

According to the primate city rule, the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranked settlement.

Question 56

Below the first tier of world cities, the textbook describes five other tiers of settlements, ranked according to the type and extent of their business services.

Question 57

The gravity model predicts that the optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it.

Question 58

In the Caymans, it is a crime to discuss confidential business (defined as matters learned on the job) in public.

Question 59

Central place theory explains the distribution of services and why a regular pattern of settlements exist, at least in developed countries such as the United States.

Question 60

According to market area analysis, range and threshold are the two least important factors in deciding on the probable profitability of a business.

Question 61

Define service and briefly discuss the three different types of services.

Question 62

The clustered linear rural settlement consists of a central open space surrounded by structures.

Question 63

Compare the overall percentages of the population living in urban areas, in developed countries versus developing countries.

Question 64

A clustered rural settlement typically includes homes, barns, tool sheds, and other farm structures, plus consumer services, such as religious structures, schools, and shops.

Question 65

Briefly discuss clustered circular rural settlements.

Question 66

The first permanent settlements may have been places for nomads to bury and honor their dead.

Question 67

What is the rank-size distribution of a settlement and why is it important?

Question 68

The process by which the population of urban settlements grows is known as migration.

Question 69

Discuss the phenomenon of global urbanization.

Question 70

How does the concept of threshold help a business decide on the right location?

Question 71

Settlements in the United States can be classified by their type of basic activity.

Question 72

Generally, cities with high cultural diversity tended to have relatively high percentages of talented individuals.

Question 73

Define and discuss off-shore financial services, giving examples of their activities and the effects they have on national tax collection.

Question 74

Two-fifths of people live in urban settlements in developing countries, compared to about three-fourths in developed countries.

Question 75

Define and discuss the range of a service, providing some original examples (i.e., examples NOT copied directly out of the textbook) to illustrate your points.

Question 76

Ancient Memphis, in Egypt, may have been the first settlement to exceed 30,000 inhabitants around 5,000 years ago.

Question 77

Developed countries have a higher percentage of urban residents, but developing countries have more of the very large urban settlements.

Question 78

What is the market area of a service and why is it important?

Question 79

What are the characteristics of a clustered rural settlement?