Deck 28: Making State and Local Policy

Question 1

Today, only a minority of Medicaid recipients are on welfare, and two out of three live in families with an adult in the workforce.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

It has long been a U.S.tradition that education should be kept free of

A)sensitive subject material.
B)male teachers.
C)partisan political influences.
D)interference by parents.
E)leftist leanings.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Prevention and disease control are major federal responsibilities.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

One healthcare reform effort focuses on "__________," a quasi-governmental authority or agency that aims to pool individuals so they can buy insurance together at a lower rate.

A)Medicaid
B)the connector model
C)the strength in numbers model
D)the collective model
E)Medicare

Question 5

Medicaid was adopted in

A)1964.
B)1965.
C)1978.
D)1957.
E)1939.

Question 6

In 1979 which of the following was created having to do with education?

A)No Child Left Behind Act
B)Elementary and Secondary Education Act
C)Voucher Programs
D)Department of Education
E)Charter Schools

Question 7

A real state police system developed around

A)1835 with the Texas Rangers.
B)1905 with the Pennsylvania State Constabulary.
C)1914 with the Irish Police Academy of Boston.
D)1945 with the California State Police.
E)1865 with the Massachusetts Constabulary.

Question 8

Public higher education has traditionally been provided by

A)religious institutions.
B)the federal government.
C)the states.
D)county government.
E)a national educational tax since 1967.

Question 9

One method of school integration in the 1970s, which became controversial, was to give minority students transferable vouchers to achieve racial balance in the schools and overcome the effects of past segregation.

Question 10

President Richard Nixon formed what agency?

A)Homeland Security
B)Environmental Protection Agency
C)Central Intelligence Agency
D)Federal Bureau of Investigation
E)Drug Enforcement Agency

Question 11

For states, it is essential to have a large tax base for _______________.

A)environmental awareness programs.
B)public service works.
C)economic development.
D)private service industry.
E)None of the above

Question 12

One area in which states are increasingly responsible for environmental policy is

A)dump management.
B)water management.
C)chemical waste management.
D)waste management.
E)None of the above

Question 13

Creating specific areas and limiting the uses of property in each area is called

A)special districting.
B)free-trade zoning.
C)zoning.
D)set-asides.
E)special districts.

Question 14

When we refer to the inherent power of states to use physical force if necessary to protect the health, safety, and welfare of their citizens, we are talking about ______________ powers.

A)inherent
B)judicial
C)police
D)regulatory
E)federal

Question 15

Money provided for parents who choose to send their children to a school other than the public school in a district in which they reside is called

A)a rebate.
B)a fiduciary allotment.
C)a private dispensation.
D)a voucher.
E)an educational grant.

Question 16

Unlike vouchers, charter schools

A)are open to all who can pay.
B)specialize in science and math curricula.
C)deal directly with local school boards.
D)take only students with high levels of achievement.
E)have more highly trained instructors than public schools.

Question 17

Public higher education has generally been provided by states.

Question 18

In 2002, a divided U.S.Supreme Court ruled that poor children could be granted public money (vouchers) to attend ________ without violating the separation clause in the Bill of Rights.

A)charter schools
B)overseas schools
C)private schools
D)religious schools
E)vocational schools

Question 19

Land-grant universities including Michigan State and the University of Georgia were created by

A)the No Child Left Behind Act.
B)the Homestead Act of 1860.
C)the Morrill Act of 1862.
D)the Hampstead Act of 1890.
E)Executive Order #2196.

Question 20

Only in the twentieth century did it become generally accepted that government should provide tax-supported education for everyone.

Question 21

According to the text, the demographic characteristic of an average full-time public school teacher is currently

A)male.
B)Asian.
C)Caucasian.
D)African American.
E)Hispanic.

Question 22

In 1965, Congress adopted the _______, the major federal law dealing with education.

A)Civil Rights Act
B)No Child Left Behind Act
C)Elementary and Secondary Education Act
D)Federal School Act
E)National Education Initiative

Question 23

Which of the following is the correct mandatory range of standardized testing in the national public school system?

A)Grades 1-6
B)Grades 1-8
C)Grades 3-6
D)Grades 3-8
E)Grades K-8

Question 24

Zoning regulations help a city or county government coordinate services with land use and to stabilize property values.

Question 25

During the 1970s and 1980s, _________ became the federal government's way to integrate the nation's schools.

A)schools built equidistantly between the inner city and suburbs
B)vouchers
C)the National Guard
D)busing
E)tax incentives

Question 26

The United States Department of Education was created in

A)1917.
B)1902.
C)1957.
D)1979.
E)1871.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a normal duty of the locally elected school board?

A)Running the schools from kindergarten through grade 12
B)Setting the school tax rate
C)Appointing a superintendent of schools
D)Reviewing potential graduates' grades
E)Hiring teachers

Question 28

After much debate and encouragement from George W.Bush, Congress adopted in 2002 one of the most controversial educational reforms in decades, the __________.

A)Civil Rights Act
B)No Child Left Behind Act
C)Elementary and Secondary Education Act
D)Federal School Act
E)National Education Initiative

Question 29

The group Community Greens helps individuals live fuller, more eco-friendly lives.

Question 30

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a heavy expenditure drain for state and local governments?

A)Education
B)Welfare and health-related matters
C)Highway and transportation systems
D)Safety and law enforcement
E)Beautification

Question 31

State money is distributed according to many formulas, but the trend is toward

A)equalization via spending equally across the board.
B)equalization via spending on the poor.
C)equalization via spending on minorities.
D)hiring better-qualified teachers at higher rates to work in depressed areas.
E)hiring lower-qualified teachers to save money.

Question 32

States fund a majority of federal environmental programs.

Question 33

According to the text, which of the following is a primary reason that the states have had to increasingly shoulder education costs?

A)The climbing cost of tuition
B)Refusal of the federal government to issue matching funds
C)Pressure from the courts to equalize expenditures on education across local school districts
D)U.S.Constitutional Amendments
E)Uneven distribution of minorities across the country

Question 34

States have become more and more responsible for waste management.

Question 35

Voucher programs have been tried since what decade?

A)1970s
B)1980s
C)1990s
D)1930s
E)1960s

Question 36

Local governments bear most of the costs of law enforcement.

Question 37

The total matching funds for Public Elementary and Secondary education by the federal government is approximately

A)2%.
B)10%.
C)25%.
D)45%.
E)55%.

Question 38

Which of the following is the basic unit responsible for public education at the elementary and secondary levels?

A)State government
B)School district
C)County government
D)Local school board
E)Congressional district

Question 39

Currently, schools that do not make sufficient progress can be identified as failing schools, and parents have the right __________.

A)to sue the school.
B)to move their children to another school.
C)to free vouchers for a private education for their children.
D)to homeschool their children.
E)to hire private tutors to supplement their children's education.

Question 40

What 1957 event prompted Congress to strengthen math and science education in the U.S.?

A)The integration of the first high school in Arkansas
B)The announcement of the Eisenhower doctrine
C)The 1957 Civil Rights Act
D)The launching of Sputnik
E)The first round-the-world nonstop jet plane flight

Question 41

There are more than one million students attending more than___________ charter schools in the United States.

A)1,500
B)4,000
C)3,600
D)2,400
E)4,500

Question 42

According to the text, how many states now have some kind of mandatory testing program in place?

A)14
B)25
C)32
D)Nearly all of them
E)37

Question 43

Local governments spend what percent of their budget on education?

A)39.1%
B)9.1%
C)44%
D)46.9%
E)44.9%

Question 44

______ is a publicly funded alternative to standard public schools in some states, initiated when individuals or groups are licensed to start their own schools with government assistance and some oversight.

A)A knowledge is good program
B)A Headstart program
C)A No Child Left Behind program
D)A voucher program
E)A charter school program

Question 45

Tuition at state universities and colleges has

A)remained steady for some time.
B)gone up, but usually at a rate less than that of inflation.
C)gone up, often at two or three times the rate of inflation.
D)gone up at a rate equal to that of inflation.
E)in the past been determined by university discretion only.

Question 46

State governments spend what percent of their budget on education?

A)39.1%
B)9.1%
C)44%
D)46.9%
E)44.9%

Question 47

Which of the following is of such great concern to so many people, and there are so many ideas with how it ought to be run that it is almost impossible to remove politics from it?

A)Health care
B)Education
C)Social security
D)Welfare
E)All of the above

Question 48

What president was convinced that an educated citizenry is essential to democratic government?

A)George Washington
B)John Adams
C)Abraham Lincoln
D)Thomas Jefferson
E)James Madison

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a listed criticism of standardized educational testing in the text?

A)The tendency to "teach to the test"
B)Minorities unfairly disadvantaged, in terms of resources
C)Lowest-common-denominator standards at the state level
D)Logistical inability to test students on a national level
E)Overemphasis on test-taking strategies in the classroom

Question 50

The chief supplier(s) of student financial aid in the U.S.is (are)

A)the states.
B)the federal government.
C)organizations such as the Veterans of Foreign Wars.
D)Fanny Mae.
E)private banks.

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT among criticisms of the charter programs in the text?

A)Teachers' unions fearing loss of collective bargaining
B)Nonsensical to divert funds from already-strapped schools for experimentation
C)Non-standard curriculum
D)More flexibility to hire and fire teachers based on competency
E)Whether religious schools should qualify

Question 52

Publicly funded colleges and universities usually can control all of the following EXCEPT

A)areas of teaching emphasis.
B)internal procedures.
C)hiring and promotion.
D)gross revenue.
E)teaching loads.

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT covered by federal regulations regarding elementary and secondary education?

A)School lunch programs
B)Employment practices
C)Admissions
D)Textbook selection
E)Record keeping

Question 54

_______ occurs when higher-achieving students are able to opt out of public schools as a result of federal and state assistance, leaving behind students who struggle academically and have discipline problems.

A)Partitioning
B)Striation
C)Vouchers
D)Skimming
E)The cattle-chute effect

Question 55

Most students who use vouchers do so to attend ________.

A)universities
B)community colleges
C)state-supported public schools
D)boarding schools
E)religious schools

Question 56

The text defines mandatory tests for grade advancement as

A)high-value" testing.
B)watermark testing.
C)CLEP testing.
D)high-stakes testing.
E)placement testing.

Question 57

In ancient Greece, Plato and Aristotle saw ________ as a vital task of government.

A)punishment of criminals
B)defense
C)education
D)human services or welfare
E)dispensing justice

Question 58

In 1990 only __________ states had standards for their core curriculums.

A)13
B)20
C)9
D)14
E)16

Question 59

Which of the following allows some parents to "shop" for their children's education?

A)No Child Left Behind
B)Quotas
C)Vouchers
D)Federal matching funds for minorities
E)Skimming

Question 60

Because of financial aid, we have avoided having one set of colleges and universities for the poor and another for the rich, defined as a _________.

A)bicameral system
B)two-track system
C)dualistic system
D)hierarchical system
E)stratified system

Question 61

Universities created under the Morrill Act of 1862 are

A)land-grant universities.
B)state schools.
C)governed by boards appointed by the governor.
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 62

With an eye towards restructuring their welfare systems, many states have developed _______________, requiring recipients to sign a written agreement specifying their responsibilities, and outlining a plan for them to obtain work and achieve self-sufficiency.

A)weaning contracts
B)welfare contracts
C)no-fault contracts
D)responsibility contracts
E)workfair contracts

Question 63

The Texas Rangers were organized in

A)1890.
B)1920.
C)1835.
D)1933.
E)1945.

Question 64

Some states have experimented with _________ programs designed to help welfare recipients develop the self-confidence, skills, and habits necessary for regular employment.

A)workfair
B)workfare
C)weanfare
D)workaid
E)work release

Question 65

Medicaid currently covers the health-care needs of nearly _____________ Americans.

A)10 million
B)55 million
C)25 million
D)40 million
E)75 million

Question 66

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)

A)distributes money to states based on the highest amount of federal funding they received in the last three fiscal years.
B)requires that federal money be disbursed through state legislatures, not governors and executives.
C)provides incentives for high performance, such as moving recipients into the workplace.
D)limits the duration of how long an adult can receive assistance.
E)All of the above

Question 67

There are almost 18,000 state and local law enforcement agencies in the United States, employing more than ____________ officers.

A)100,000
B)350,000
C)600,000
D)400,000
E)700,000

Question 68

How many states do NOT provide additional benefits to families that have children after they were receiving welfare?

A)8
B)50
C)25
D)20
E)39

Question 69

The most current data on welfare recipients in 2007 show the number of households receiving state or federal aid dropping from a high in the early 1990s to approximately

A)600,000.
B)800,000.
C)1.7 million.
D)5 million.
E)20 million.

Question 70

The Social Security health-care program for people over age 65 is called

A)Medicare.
B)Medicaid.
C)Blue Cross.
D)Blue Shield.
E)the Red Cross.

Question 71

Philosophically, the issue of private charity initially fit well with traditional U.S.notions of limited government and self-reliance.That view changed dramatically during ___________.

A)the Nixon administration
B)the Great Depression
C)the Vietnam War
D)the terrorist attacks of 9/11
E)the 1920s

Question 72

In early 2006, Congress passed the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, which includes many new options for states trying to reduce the growth of ___________.

A)welfare
B)Medicare
C)Medicaid
D)Social Security
E)their economies

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT listed in the text as a reason for the creation of state police forces?

A)The need for a trained force to maintain order during civil unrest or natural disaster
B)Many returning WWI vets needing a paramilitary job
C)The coming of the automobile
D)The growth of urban and metropolitan areas
E)The demand for greater protection on the expanding highway system

Question 74

When adopted in 1965, _________ was designed as a program to enable states to fund health care for people who were poor and receiving public assistance.Since then, the eligibility has expanded.

A)Medicare
B)Medicaid
C)Blue Cross
D)Blue Shield
E)the Red Cross

Question 75

Inherent powers of state governments to pass laws to protect public health, safety, and welfare are defined by the text as _______.

A)tacit-consent powers
B)tyranny of the majority
C)direct democracy
D)social contract theory
E)police powers

Question 76

According to the text, the number of families on welfare in the early 1990s was approximately

A)600,000.
B)800,000.
C)1.5 million.
D)5 million.
E)20 million.

Question 77

The first true American state police system was

A)the Georgia State Patrol.
B)the Pennsylvania State Constabulary.
C)the Texas Rangers.
D)the New York State Police.
E)the Illinois State Troopers.

Question 78

A fundamental overhaul of the American welfare system was enacted in 1996 with the landmark legislation called

A)Temporary Assistance for Needy Families.
B)Aid to Families with Dependent Children.
C)NAFTA.
D)No Child Left Behind
E)Alliance in Caring.

Question 79

President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society program of social services was named

A)the Good Neighbor Policy.
B)the Hands Across America Program.
C)the War on Poverty.
D)Medicare.
E)Medicaid.

Question 80

In 1996, the federal government ended

A)Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC).
B)Federal Crime Control Procedures (FCCP).
C)Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF).
D)Medicaid.
E)Voucher Programs.