Deck 39: Infections in Special Populations

Question 1

All of the following immune defense mechanisms are depressed in burn patients except:

A)humoral defense mechanisms.
B)complement activity.
C)cell-mediated defenses.
D)IgG.

Answer 1

B
The immune defense mechanisms in burn patients, both humoral and cell-mediated, are suppressed.Immunoglobulins, especially IgG, are depressed.

Question 2

Cancer chemotherapy does all of the following except:

A)inhibit inflammation.
B)reduce capillary permeability.
C)decrease cellular exudation.
D)inhibit neutrophils ability to destroy bacteria.

Answer 2

D
Chemotherapy inhibits inflammation, reduces capillary permeability, and decreases cellular exudation.

Question 3

Organisms that are commonly associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia include:

A)Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
B)Streptococcus pyogenes.
C)Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
D)Clostridium difficile.

Answer 3

A
Organisms associated with VAP include S.pneumoniae, H.influenzae, S.aureus, P.aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and B.cepacia.

Question 4

What are patients called who have a serious disease and who are highly predisposed to infections by a variety of opportunistic bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral pathogens?

A)Elderly compromised
B)Immunocompromised
C)Defective responders
D)Extraneous responders

Question 5

What two parasitic agents commonly affect patients with malignancy?

A)Giardia lamblia and Listeria monocytogenes
B)Strongyloides stercoralis and Giardia lamblia
C)Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) and Toxoplasma gondii
D)Toxoplasma gondii and Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 6

The host natural defense system includes all of the following parts except:

A)adaptive immune system.
B)innate immune system.
C)acquired immune system.
D)nonspecific general barriers.

Question 7

In which disease do we see a decrease in the number and function of neutrophils, including the inability to migrate to sites of inflammation, impaired phagocytosis, and reduced killing of ingested organisms, placing these patients at higher risk of infection?

A)Anemia
B)Hypogammaglobulinemia
C)Hodgkin's disease
D)Hypergammaglobulinemia

Question 8

Patients with hematologic malignancies and those who have undergone surgery for tumors involving the head and spine may be at risk for developing:

A)meningitis.
B)septicemia.
C)pneumonia.
D)osteomyelitis.

Question 9

Patients with granulocyte (neutrophil) counts below _____ cells/mm³ are at a significant risk for developing an infection along with a high rate of mortality.

A)50,000
B)10,000
C)5,000
D)1,000

Question 10

What is usually the leading cause of death in immunocompromised patients?

A)HIV
B)Hepatitis C
C)Infections
D)Congestive heart failure

Question 11

To which bacteria are people with C3 deficiency particularly susceptible?

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Toxoplasma gondii
C)Listeria monocytogenes
D)Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 12

Which of the following immune mechanisms may be decreased in patients with malignancy?

A)Cell-mediated immune response
B)Antibody production
C)Mucous membranes barriers
D)All of the above

Question 13

What condition is most likely to occur in patients with severe neutropenia?

A)Pneumonia
B)Bronchitis
C)Meningitis
D)Septicemia

Question 14

All of the following are often associated with immunosuppression except:

A)HIV infection.
B)acute leukemia.
C)anemia.
D)chemotherapy.

Question 15

Patients who have undergone organ transplant surgery may develop opportunistic infections 1 to 6 months after surgery caused by any of the following except:

A)Staphylococcus aureus.
B)varicella-zoster virus.
C)influenzae virus.
D)hepatitis virus.

Question 16

When a child with cancer contracts cytomegalovirus (CMV), how does it manifest?

A)Renal failure
B)Pneumonia
C)Septicemia
D)Meningitis

Question 17

The primary cause of immunodeficiency in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) due to HIV is because of the virus' focused attack on which of the following cell types?

A)Granulocytes
B)Helper T cells
C)Macrophages
D)Stem cells

Question 18

Which organism accounts for up to 45% of interstitial pneumonia cases in cancer patients?

A)Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B)Staphylococcus aureus
C)Pneumocystis jirovecii
D)Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 19

All of the following factors contribute to an increased risk of infection except:

A)low leukocyte numbers.
B)decrease in cellular immune function.
C)splenectomy.
D)high levels of immunoglobulins.

Question 20

Postsplenectomy patients are more susceptible to infections with all the following agents except:

A)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
B)Haemophilus influenzae.
C)Neisseria meningitidis.
D)Staphylococcus aureus.