Deck 41: Ocular Infections

Question 1

Blepharitis is inflammation of the:

A)conjunctiva.
B)sclera.
C)lacrimal gland.
D)lid margins.

Answer 1

D
Blepharitis, inflammation of the lid margins, and inflammation of the conjunctivae are not mutually exclusive.Conjunctivitis usually presents as a blepharoconjunctivitis.

Question 2

What parasite is responsible for causing a form of blindness in West Africa?

A)Hookworm
B)Pinworm
C)Loa loa
D)Whipworm

Answer 2

C
Loa loa, the eye worm, is one of the leading causes of blindness in West Africa.

Question 3

Retinitis with what organism is common in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients?

A)Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
B)Arenavirus
C)Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
D)Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Answer 3

C
CMV retinitis is the second most common condition in patients with full-blown AIDS and can affect both eyes, even in the absence of systemic disease.

Question 4

All the following diseases are associated with uveitis except:

A)juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
B)HIV.
C)Reiter's syndrome.
D)systemic lupus.

Question 5

What is the most common infection of the lacrimal gland?

A)Blepharitis
B)Dacryocystitis
C)Canaliculitis
D)Conjunctivitis

Question 6

A patient who makes her own saline solution for her contact lenses is examined at her physician's office because she has a blood red, infected right eye.The physician performs bacterial, fungal, and viral cultures, all of which are negative.What is the most probable cause of this infection?

A)Acanthamoeba spp.
B)Entamoeba spp.
C)Trypanosoma spp.
D)Leishmania spp.

Question 7

All of the following viruses cause acute viral conjunctivitis except:

A)adenovirus.
B)caliciviruses.
C)herpesviruses.
D)enteroviruses.

Question 8

What contains enzymes and other factors that protect the conjunctiva from microbial invasion?

A)Skin
B)Tears
C)Upper lid
D)Lower lid

Question 9

What compromises vision and must be treated aggressively with antimicrobials or surgery?

A)Epithelial infection
B)Infection in Bowman's zone
C)Stromal infection
D)Perforation of Descemet's membrane

Question 10

What organism causes neonatal conjunctivitis, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), and trachoma?

A)Chlamydia trachomatis
B)Streptococcus trachomatis
C)Staphylococcus aureus
D)Neisseria meningitidis

Question 11

What condition is considered a true ocular emergency?

A)Conjunctivitis
B)Blepharitis
C)Microbial keratitis
D)Yellowing of the sclera

Question 12

A layer of tears blankets the cornea to provide all of the following except:

A)waste elimination.
B)optical clarity.
C)lubrication.
D)nutrition.

Question 13

In a warm climate, what organism is the most frequently isolated pathogen?

A)Haemophilus influenzae
B)Neisseria meningitidis
C)N.gonorrhea
D)Staphylococcus aureus

Question 14

What is the leading cause of infectious blindness and ocular morbidity in the United States?

A)Epstein-Barr virus
B)Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
C)Human papillomavirus (HPV)
D)Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Question 15

Which condition is a medical emergency in children?

A)Chronic sinusitis
B)Lacrimitis
C)Preseptal cellulitis
D)Orbital cellulitis

Question 16

All of the following are common risk factors associated with ocular infection except:

A)age.
B)sex.
C)personal hygiene.
D)social economic status.

Question 17

All of the following factors determine whether a pathogen can cause disease in the eye except:

A)characteristics of the invading organism.
B)health of normal flora.
C)integrity of underlying tissue.
D)host's immune system.

Question 18

Microorganisms can gain entry into orbital tissue in all the following ways except:

A)surgery.
B)eyelid infections.
C)dental caries.
D)carrying organisms on facial skin.

Question 19

Which of the following make up the majority of indigenous ocular microbial flora?

A)Mobiluncus and Lactobacillus
B)Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Corynebacteria
C)Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus
D)Moraxella and Corynebacteria

Question 20

What are the most frequent etiologic agents of endophthalmitis?

A)Staphylococcus epidermidis
B)Staphylococcus saprophyticus
C)Staphylococcus aureus
D)Escherichia coli

Question 21

Nosocomial transfer of which virus may occur during optometry examinations through contaminated tonometer tips?

A)Adenovirus
B)Caliciviruses
C)Herpesviruses
D)Enteroviruses

Question 22

Bacterial keratitis associated with contact lenses in warmer climates is commonly caused by which of the following organisms?

A)Corynebacterium spp.
B)Staphylococcus aureus
C)Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D)Viridans streptococci

Question 23

Bacteria that cause keratitis associated with contact lenses often initiate infection through which of the following?

A)Biofilm formation
B)Growth in the contact lens
C)Attachment to the lens
D)Contamination of the fluid coating the lens

Question 24

What is the most common route of administration for ophthalmic drugs?

A)Topical
B)Intravenous
C)Intramuscularly
D)Oral

Question 25

When performing ophthalmic cultures, all of the following are required for best results except the:

A)specimen should be collected on a transport swab.
B)sample should be plated directly when possible.
C)specimen requisition must be filled out completely.
D)ophthalmologist must communicate with the personnel performing the culture.