Deck 18: Health Promotion and Risk Reduction in the Community

Question 1

Which of the following services implemented by nurses would represent tertiary prevention?

A)A free high-cholesterol screening at the neighborhood grocery store
B)A healthy lifestyle exercise and information program for all the employees of the city's largest employer,held at the worksite
C)A posthospitalization social support program for persons with chronic severe mental illness and their families
D)An exercise and parenting class for new first-time mothers

Answer 1

A posthospitalization social support program for persons with chronic severe mental illness and their families

Question 2

The community/public health nurse charted the number of persons who came in to be taught breast self-examination.The nurse noted that during the past 3 days,there was a sudden increase in the number of women coming in.Which of the following is the most likely reason for the increase?

A)The increased number is probably just a coincidence.
B)The local nursing school hosted a women's health fair.
C)The American Heart Association had just started its annual publicity campaign.
D)The media had publicized a famous woman's diagnosis of breast cancer.

Answer 2

The media had publicized a famous woman's diagnosis of breast cancer.

Question 3

A public health agency had enough funds to provide one more health-promotion program during the calendar year.In relation to nutrition and exercise,which of the following would be the best choice?

A)Elementary school program for children to which parents are invited
B)High school program for those who are involved in athletics
C)Young adult programs provided at the YMCA
D)Senior citizen programs offered during a free meal

Answer 3

Elementary school program for children to which parents are invited

Question 4

Which of the following is one of the goals of Healthy People 2020?

A)Decreasing institutionalization and increasing community-based care services
B)Achieving health equity,eliminating disparities,and improving the health of all groups
C)Creating environments to improve the eating and exercise habits of all people
D)Expanding the technology,resources,and medications used to treat chronic illness

Question 5

Which of the following is the best example of a health-promotion program?

A)The nurse collaborated with the local police department to prepare a public safety announcement about the benefits of using one's seat belt.
B)The nurse appeared on the local public access television channel each Sunday afternoon to discuss nutrition and exercise options for families.
C)The nurse worked with the local school parent-teacher organization to give free bicycle helmets to the students with bicycles.
D)The nurse collaborated with the local motorcycle club to make sure all the cyclists who wanted one could obtain a free helmet.

Question 6

The public health clinic was planning its once-a-month dental clinic in the community with a visiting volunteer dentist.Which of the following would be the most important task in preparation for this clinic?

A)Plan to be there that day to assist with client flow.
B)Sterilize all the dental equipment.
C)Tell everyone to make an appointment to decrease waiting time.
D)Use multiple strategies to publicize the clinic in the community.

Question 7

Which of the following definitions of health is most typically used in nursing today?

A)Ability to interact and adapt to the environment
B)Ability to perform required social roles
C)Ability to stay free from disease
D)Ability to maximize human potential

Question 8

Which of the following services implemented by nurses would represent secondary prevention?

A)A free diabetes screening held at the local shopping mall
B)A post-heart attack exercise program at the local community college
C)A "stay beautiful" program stressing safe exercises for pregnant moms
D)An elementary school "don't smoke" campaign for students

Question 9

What is the primary goal of health promotion?

A)Discovering people who are at risk and helping them obtain appropriate health care
B)Enabling people to exercise control over their own well-being
C)Preventing further physiologic damage by early intervention and education
D)Reducing specific risks by early diagnosis and treatment

Question 10

Which of the following would be a behavior-specific cognition and affect variable according to Pender's model?

A)Commitment to a plan of action
B)Competing demands (family or work)
C)Perceived self-efficacy
D)Personal realities such as demographics

Question 11

Which of the following is the best example of a risk reduction program?

A)At the senior citizens center,the nurse set up an exercise program for persons in wheelchairs.
B)The nurse appeared on the local public access television channel each Sunday afternoon to discuss good parenting skills.
C)The nurse worked with the local health maintenance organization (HMO)to make infant car seats available without charge to all first-time pregnant mothers.
D)The nurse wrote a weekly local newspaper column on healthy lifestyle behaviors,such as the importance of exercise.

Question 12

In the United States,which of the following is the most crucial influence in the sociocultural environment?

A)The community in which a person grows and develops
B)Family's values and beliefs
C)Health care provider from whom care is sought as needed
D)Socioeconomic class,education,and occupation

Question 13

Which of the following is the most crucial environmental influence on health?

A)Government in the local community
B)Health care system in the local community
C)Food,water,and exposure to toxic substances
D)Religious and cultural beliefs and values

Question 14

Why was the publication of Healthy People a landmark document?

A)It was the first time that a national plan had been created with funding to implement it.
B)It was the first time that evaluation measures based on outcomes to judge effectiveness were created.
C)It was the first time that national goals for improving the health of Americans were established.
D)It was the first time that universal agreement on federal government priorities was reached.

Question 15

Considering the health-belief model,which statement suggests that the person is going to begin a new healthy habit?

A)"If I could be asleep while they did the colonoscopy,it might be alright."
B)"I did have a cousin who was treated for breast cancer."
C)"Both my mother and father died of heart problems."
D)"Because my employer was paying for the health screening,I thought I might go."

Question 16

Because,in relation to physical activity,none of the Healthy People 2010 objectives was met,what does the United States need to do?

A)Ensure more tax funding for education of physical education teachers.
B)Encourage funding for an increased number of exercise centers.
C)Increase programs for teaching and encouraging health-promoting lifestyle choices.
D)Require health care providers to serve as role models of appropriate physical activity choices.

Question 17

Which of the following services implemented by nurses would represent primary prevention?

A)A nurse-managed hospital respiratory unit for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)and emphysema
B)A quit-smoking-now clinic for adults who want to give up the habit
C)A "don't smoke" campaign for elementary school students
D)A "stay beautiful" campaign for high school female smokers that stresses that smokers have wrinkles about a decade earlier than their chronologic peers

Question 18

According to the health-belief model,which factors influence whether a person will engage in a particular health-promoting behavior?

A)Feeling susceptible to a severe disease
B)Being told to do so by a significant other on a frequent basis
C)Believing that high-income persons engage in such behavior
D)Viewing posters emphasizing the behavior in an area that the person frequents

Question 19

Which of the following would be the most effective mechanism to use when collaborating with others to have an extensive and lasting impact on health outcomes?

A)Broadly disseminating health-related information to inform citizens
B)Encouraging the creation of more health programs on client lifestyle modification
C)Increasing funding to health agencies for more health education programs
D)Influencing improved health policies and legislation for healthier communities

Question 20

How was the concept of health defined originally?

A)Balance and harmony
B)Maximum self-actualization
C)Absence of disease
D)Total well-being

Question 21

A public health nurse was asked by a town's community college to offer health education programs for its employees.How would the nurse most effectively determine which programs to offer?

A)Asking the administrators which programs they would like
B)Performing a complete physical examination on each employee during work time
C)Having employees complete a health-risk appraisal form
D)Planning a program on the basis of the broader community's demographic data

Question 22

Which of the following factors would most likely be motivating factors for setting up large community-wide group meetings instead of face-to-face counseling? (Select all that apply.)

A)A more comfortable "party" atmosphere would result.
B)It would effect more widespread change in the local social norms.
C)Cost-effectiveness would be increased.
D)The meeting would serve as an environmental cue.
E)Most people would rather learn in a group setting.
F)People would carpool to the meeting.

Question 23

Which of the following federal resources supply data that support the objectives and interventions described in Healthy People 2020? (Select all that apply.)

A)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
B)Dietary Guidelines for Americans
C)National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
D)Healthfinder.gov
E)National Health Care Survey (NHCS)
F)U.S.Public Health Service Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP)

Question 24

When a nurse plans educational programs appropriate for a population being served,which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A)Bill the employer for the actual cost of the health program.
B)Provide feedback and follow-up information to attendees.
C)Make handouts available to the audience.
D)Incorporate the latest technology into the presentation.

Question 25

After obtaining data from a health-risk appraisal tool,a nurse met with a client for follow-up.Which of the following actions should the nurse take first after summarizing the information?

A)Create a reward system to reinforce healthful behaviors.
B)Design a behavior change plan acceptable to the client.
C)Establish an implementation time frame.
D)Identify and reinforce client strengths.

Question 26

Which of the following statements best demonstrates a client's intention to start exercising on a regular basis?

A)"I bought walking shoes and have scheduled a walk before breakfast each day."
B)"I exercise when I can find someone to walk with."
C)"I need to buy a treadmill or exercise bike so that I don't get fat."
D)"I think exercising would reduce my stress and help my appearance."

Question 27

A local employer was concerned about rapidly increasing health care costs.The nurse did an assessment and found that most of the employees smoked heavily.Which of the following suggestions should the nurse make to the employer as the most effective approach to decrease smoking among the employees?

A)Lobby area legislators to increase the tax on cigarette sales.
B)Offer a smoking cessation program at the workplace.
C)Talk to the employees in small groups and ask them to quit smoking.
D)Work with interested employees to create a "no tobacco products" environment.

Question 28

Which of the following has resulted from the Steps to a Healthier US program? (Select all that apply.)

A)An increase in community-based chronic disease-prevention programs
B)An increase in funding for health-promotion programs
C)Improvements to include health and preventive practices in daily life
D)Improvements in continuing education programs for health professionals
E)An increase in availability of online interactive health risk appraisals
F)An increase in tax deduction for participating in health-promotion programs

Question 29

The nurse gave each participant a health-risk appraisal tool to determine the health needs of the group as a whole.What other purpose may the tool serve?

A)To assess the needs of the broader community
B)To demonstrate the necessity of having health education programs
C)To motivate participants to consider changing high-risk behaviors
D)To provide data for future planning by the nurse's employer

Question 30

Care of the spirit,as well as promoting health of the body,is performed very effectively by which professional nursing specialty?

A)Church-based nurses
B)Community/public health nurses
C)Faith community nurses
D)Public health nurses

Question 31

A public health nurse was trying to persuade the largest employer in town to offer workplace health-promotion programs.Which arguments could the nurse offer as benefits of these programs? (Select all that apply.)

A)Decreased absenteeism
B)Decreased incidence of obesity
C)Decreased use of insurance benefits
D)Decreased accidents
E)Decreased turnover
F)Decreased commitment to self-improvement

Question 32

A nurse is planning a community-wide program about reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

A)Developing a public education campaign by using public service announcements
B)Assessing the extent of the problem in the local community
C)Forming partnerships and establishing support with community agencies
D)Gathering resource materials and identifying funding sources

Question 33

Which of the following are factors in the primary health care model? (Select all that apply.)

A)Commitment to a plan of action
B)Community participation
C)Economics,politics,and environment
D)Personal health care services
E)Primary health care and personal health services
F)Universal access to primary health care clinics

Question 34

A nurse used a lifestyle assessment to measure health-promoting lifestyle behaviors of participants at a meeting.Which of the following actions should the nurse take when reviewing the results with each individual?

A)Arrange for the client to meet with a lifestyle coach.
B)Collaborate with the client in choosing what changes to make.
C)Explain ways that the client can engage in new behaviors.
D)Tell the client what to do to improve his or her health.

Question 35

With which of the following populations would collaboration be most important when a school nurse proposes that additional healthy options be added to the school lunch program?

A)The staff and teachers
B)The children and their parents
C)The dietitians and nutritionists
D)The school board and administration

Question 36

What efforts does the American Nurses Association (ANA)suggest all professional nurses should make? (Select all that apply.)

A)Educate students that political options must conceptualize prevention as preferable to treatment in health care.
B)Encourage partnerships with consumers and other professionals.
C)Increase knowledge and skill in providing preventive services.
D)Lobby for legislation to vastly increase sales tax on beer and liquor.
E)Require health care providers to serve as role models of healthy lifestyles.
F)Support requiring health insurance to pay for preventive health care.