Deck 9: Early Experiments in Crime Prevention and the Evolution of Community Policing Strategies

Question 1

According to the text, when evaluating the success of crime prevention programs, they should be carefully examined for all of the following reasons except:

A)measuring what did not happen is nearly impossible.
B)crime is usually overreported.
C)the reduction in reported crime could be the result of the crime prevention program or occur because the responsible criminal or criminals left town, went to jail on some other charge, died, and so on.
D)crime can be influenced by everything from season and weather changes, school truancy rates, and the flu.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to the text, since ancient time this method of deterring and detecting crime has been used.

A)bicycle patrols
B)fear reduction
C)volunteers
D)street lighting

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to the text, the goals of most police-school liaison programs include all except:

A)improving police-youth relations.
B)preventing juvenile delinquency.
C)enforcing school regulations.
D)monitoring relations among police, school administrators, and teachers.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

One hazard of citizen patrols is the possibility of:

A)volunteerism.
B)reciprocity.
C)vigilantism.
D)all of the above

Question 5

The largest online safety group that provides help for online victims of crime is:

A)the Guardian Angels.
B)WiredSafety.
C)Net Safe.
D)Citizens Against Internet Predators.

Question 6

The Officer Friendly program is:

A)an athletic program for youth.
B)a highly rated TV show for children that teaches crime prevention.
C)a ride-along program for youths.
D)a program generally including a police officer who goes into classes to discuss good -citizenship, responsibility, and general safety.

Question 7

In the first Newark Foot Patrol Experiment, positive results were reported by:

A)residents.
B)business owners.
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b

Question 8

Which of the following was not a result of the Baltimore County COPE Project?

A)a 10 percent reduction in citizens' fear of crime
B)an increase in calls for service
C)increased citizen awareness of and satisfaction with the police
D)improved police officer attitudes

Question 9

McGruff is:

A)the Oklahoma City Police Chief.
B)the lead researcher and author of an extensive study of the outcomes of community-based policing.
C)a spokesperson in a media campaign to teach crime prevention.
D)the founder of CPTED.

Question 10

One component of crime prevention through environmental design is:

A)clean sewers.
B)street lighting.
C)clearly marked parking spaces.
D)property identification.

Question 11

Explorer programs are:

A)affiliated with the Boy Scouts of America.
B)diversion programs for juvenile offenders.
C)crime awareness programs for youths ages 7 to 12.
D)none of the above

Question 12

DARE programs are aimed at:

A)preschool age children.
B)elementary age school children.
C)middle-school or junior high children.
D)high-school and college students.

Question 13

To reduce crime and the fear of crime, the Hartford Experiment involved:

A)organizing citizens to improve their neighborhoods.
B)changing the physical environment.
C)changing the delivery of police services.
D)all of the above

Question 14

According to the text, which crime prevention programs are among the most visible in the United States?

A)MADD
B)Crime Stoppers
C)Citizen Crime Prevention Associations
D)all of the above

Question 15

A factor considered when selecting candidates for the Deferred Prosecution/First Offenders Unit is:

A)the offender's credit rating.
B)the nature of the current offense.
C)the educational level of the offender.
D)all of the above

Question 16

Qualitative evaluations are __________ than quantitative evaluations.

A)less descriptive and less statistical
B)more descriptive and less statistical
C)less descriptive and more statistical
D)more descriptive and more statistical

Question 17

DARE refers to:

A)a game police use to teach preschool children the danger of strangers.
B)an elementary education program to teach children to avoid drug use.
C)a theft prevention program geared toward teens.
D)an adventure survival course offered to at-risk teens to build their self-esteem.

Question 18

Relieving the courts of matters not requiring the formalities of judicial intervention is an example of:

A)the Deferred Prosecution/First Offenders Unit.
B)Community Dispute Resolution Centers.
C)Volunteers in Parole.
D)positive interaction.

Question 19

A new Neighborhood Watch program, nicknamed "Community Policing 2.0," is called:

A)mobile crime watch.
B)youth crime watch.
C)business watch.
D)iWatch.

Question 20

According to the text, which is not considered a commonly used crime prevention program by law enforcement?

A)street light project
B)citizen patrol
C)road blocks
D)property marking

Question 21

According to the text, the typical youth-related crime prevention programs include all of the following except:

A)police athletic leagues.
B)Officer Friendly.
C)National Night Out.
D)DARE.

Question 22

According to the text, youth have traditionally been included in police-community programs that include all the following except:

A)police athletic leagues.
B)private patrols.
C)DARE programs.
D)police explorer programs.

Question 23

A modern example of the Guardian Angles is/are the:

A)Cyber Neighborhood.
B)Cyber Guardian Angels.
C)CyberAngels.
D)Cyber Stoppers

Question 24

The nationwide program that encourages residents to turn on their porch lights, go outside, and meet their neighbors is:

A)National Night Out.
B)Crime Stoppers.
C)the McGruff "Take a Bite Out of Crime" program.
D)Operation Crime Watch.

Question 25

According to the text, resistance to change is common, especially in tradition-oriented professions.The six impediments to implementing innovative community-oriented policing include all of the following except:

A)lack of vision.
B)cost of innovation.
C)cost of training.
D)unions.

Question 26

Good examples of special crime watch programs are:

A)electronic surveillance companies.
B)storefront police precincts.
C)realtor and carrier watch programs.
D)all of the above

Question 27

Property identification projects are aimed at:

A)deterring burglary.
B)returning property that is stolen when deterrence fails.
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b

Question 28

Available research indicates that street lighting:

A)decreases the incidence of crime.
B)reduces citizens' fear of crime.
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b

Question 29

Included among the most common traditional crime prevention programs used are:

A)lobbying for longer prison sentences and tougher laws.
B)citizen training in use of firearms and self-defense.
C)neighborhood watch and property marking projects.
D)all of the above

Question 30

Studies have shown that CCTV:

A)only reduced crime where people were aware they were being watched.
B)had no affect on crime.
C)reduced crime.
D)made citizens more aware of crime in their neighborhoods.

Question 31

The most common activities of Neighborhood Watch programs are:

A)Operation Identification programs and home security surveys.
B)firearm training seminars and self-defense demonstrations.
C)roadside litter cleanup and graffiti removal.
D)school crosswalk monitoring and latchkey kid programs.

Question 32

Improving lighting to deter and detect crimes:

A)is an example of synergism.
B)is an example of CPTED.
C)has no impact on how safe people feel.
D)is the most important factor in reducing the occurrence of crime.

Question 33

According to the text, block or neighborhood watch programs would not be described as:

A)the backbone of the nation's community crime prevention effort.
B)mutual aid societies.
C)the eyes and ears of the police.
D)vigilantism.

Question 34

According to the text, all are goals of the police athletic league except:

A)partnering with the Big Brothers/Big Sisters association.
B)reducing gang membership.
C)reducing the use and sale of drugs.
D)reducing violence in the community.

Question 35

According to the text, the most frequently committed violent crime in the United States is:

A)homicide.
B)domestic violence.
C)alcohol-impaired driving.
D)sexual assault.

Question 36

This nonprofit, grassroots organization was founded in California in 1980 to combat drunk driving:

A)Prosecutors Against Drunk Driving.
B)Officers Against Drunk Driving.
C)Mothers Against Drunk Driving.
D)Veterans Against Drunk Driving.

Question 37

To reduce the residential burglary rate, the Seattle Citywide Crime Prevention Program used all of the following except:

A)self-defense courses.
B)neighborhood block watches.
C)home security checks.
D)property identification.

Question 38

In the Flint Neighborhood Foot Patrol Program:

A)communication with citizens was a primary objective.
B)officers were given great discretion.
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b

Question 39

Dispute resolution centers contracted by the Unified Court System of the State of New York do all of the following except:

A)provide dispute resolution resources for local communities.
B)prevent escalation of disputes.
C)relieve the courts of matters not requiring judicial intervention.
D)teach individuals how to resolve their disputes through community class action lawsuits.

Question 40

The DARE Program was started by:

A)Orlando Police Department.
B)Seattle Police Department.
C)Los Angeles Police Department.
D)New York Police Department.

Question 41

Traditionally, the most common forms of crime prevention were:

A)foot patrols.
B)newsletters.
C)community organizing.
D)all of the above

Question 42

In the Flint experiment, motorized patrol was rated superior in preventing crime and -encouraging citizen self-protection.

Question 43

The Portland antiburglary program succeeded in reducing the burglary rate for those who participated.

Question 44

The Whistle Stop program was designed to enhance citizens' reporting capabilities.

Question 45

In the second Newark Foot Patrol Experiment, positive results were obtained with:

A)distribution of a newsletter.
B)a coordinated foot patrol.
C)a cleanup campaign.
D)all of the above

Question 46

According to the text, including crime statistics in an anticrime newsletter:

A)raises the fear level of citizens.
B)decreases the exposure of the newsletter.
C)increases its effectiveness.
D)none of the above

Question 47

The 18 model crime reduction programs evaluated by the National Symposium on -Community Institutions and the Inner-City Crime Project shared all but one of the f-ollowing characteristics; they did not:

A)focus on causes of crime.
B)target those who were less affluent.
C)have sufficient resources.
D)emphasize enforcement.

Question 48

The Boston Foot Patrol Project found that increasing or decreasing foot patrol staffing had no impact on violent crimes.

Question 49

A purpose of explorer programs is:

A)to help police agencies develop favorable community relations.
B)to provide early recruitment opportunities for law enforcement agencies.
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b

Question 50

Studies of CCTV usage found that more than two thirds of the interviewees were aware that they were in a CCTV area

Question 51

Membership in MADD is open to anyone.

Question 52

A study of the Flint Neighborhood Foot Patrol Program found that officers on foot averaged much higher levels of productivity across most of the standard performance measures than did police in cars.

Question 53

McGruff has:

A)been received favorably by the public.
B)become a dated concept and is being phased out of the crime prevention arena.
C)had little impact on what people know and do about crime prevention.
D)both b and c

Question 54

Much research provides undisputed proof that DARE programs have long-term, positive results.

Question 55

Since ancient times, lighting has been one means to deter and detect crime.

Question 56

In response to the Newark Foot Patrol Experiment, business owners believed crime increased.

Question 57

Resistance to change in a community is common.

Question 58

The Flint, Michigan, Neighborhood Foot Patrol Program appeared to do all the following except:

A)decrease crime.
B)decrease citizen satisfaction with the foot patrol program.
C)reduce citizens' fear of crime.
D)create a positive perception of foot patrol officers.

Question 59

General publicity campaigns directed at victims have had a limited effect.

Question 60

Reserve officers, auxiliary patrol members, and community service officers (CSOs) always wear special uniforms and badges and must be armed.

Question 61

PAL stands for __________________.

Question 62

According to the text, studies showed the 18 model crime reduction programs evaluated by the National Symposium on Community Institutions and the Inner-City Crime Project all had strong leaders.

Question 63

A benefit of the Deferred Prosecution/First Offenders Unit is that it conserves police, -prosecutorial, judicial, and correctional resources.

Question 64

A study based on observation or practical experience is called a/an __________________ study.

Question 65

Often referred to as __________________ projects, property identification is aimed at -deterring burglary and at returning property that is stolen when deterrence fails.

Question 66

According to the text, community-based corrections gained popularity in the 1990s but are still resisted by many neighborhoods.

Question 67

Community-based corrections is also called __________________.

Question 68

Whatever the cost to implement, community policing appears to offer a realistic approach to reducing violence, crime, and the drug problem.

Question 69

Citizen crime reporting programs (CCRPs) help to organize neighborhoods as mutual aid societies and as the eyes and ears of the police.

Question 70

__________________ are more descriptive and less statistical than quantitative ones.

Question 71

In the fear-reduction strategy experiments in Newark and Houston, coordinated community policing was also known as the __________________ project.

Question 72

CPTED stands for __________________.

Question 73

Ample evidence suggests communities that participate in Operation Identification programs have a greater number of apprehended and convicted burglars.

Question 74

In the second experiment conducted in Newark, they did not show a reduction in fear of crime according to the __________________.

Question 75

The __________________ Foot Patrol Experiment has garnered attention lately for its focus on place-based policing.

Question 76

Referrals to dispute resolution centers can come from individuals wishing to refer -themselves.

Question 77

____________________ is an approach to problem solving that asks what is it about this location that places people at risk, or that results in opportunities for crime.

Question 78

The way courts address the accused has a direct impact on the crime problem and on -community policing efforts.

Question 79

The Citywide Crime Prevention Program of Seattle focused on residential burglary.

Question 80

Although crime newsletters make readers more aware of crime, they also generally increase citizens' fear of crime.