Deck 16: Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Question 1

African Americans in the South demonstrated their newly achieved freedom by

A) purchasing firearms.
B) seeking out long-lost family members, sold away from them during slavery.
C) moving to the North in large numbers.
D) holding large gatherings and meetings that they were prohibited from doing as slaves.
E) All of these choices.

Answer 1

All of these choices.

Question 2

The Freedmen's Bureau had its greatest success for freed slaves in the South in the area of new black

A) schools and medical facilities.
B) land reform of Southern plantations that would permit former slaves to acquire adequate arable land from these plantations to cultivate agricultural crops.
C) churches.
D) housing.
E) job training.

Answer 2

schools and medical facilities.

Question 3

Congress responded to Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan,as it was known,by passing the

A) Seventy-five-Percent Plan.
B) iron-clad oath bill.
C) Reconstruction Act.
D) Owen-Keating Bill.
E) Wade-Davis Bill.

Answer 3

Wade-Davis Bill.

Question 4

Congress impeached Johnson because

A) the president had clearly committed high crimes and misdemeanors.
B) Radical Republicans in the House charged the president with violating the Tenure of Office Act.
C) the president had appointed a set of Southern stalwarts to the United States Supreme Court.
D) his vetoes had made governing virtually impossible.
E) Northern Democrats were eager for an early election that would give their candidate the upper hand.

Question 5

The absence of Southerners in Congress after the Civil War enabled northern politicians to pass legislation southerners had long resisted in all of the following areas except

A) internal improvements.
B) outlawing of slavery.
C) expanding the development of the Market Revolution.
D) laying the groundwork for the nation's industrial revolution.
E) passing sweeping statutory voting rights protections for African Americans across the United States, including the South.

Question 6

Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens were members of a group known as

A) Copperheads.
B) Radical Republicans.
C) Carpetbaggers.
D) Redeemers.
E) Scalawags.

Question 7

Radical Republicans in Congress sought to

A) break up Southern plantations into small, self-sufficient farms.
B) expel Southern states as punishment for their rebellion.
C) expand the role of the Freedmen's Bureau and pass the Civil Rights Act.
D) execute the leaders of the Confederacy.
E) start a discussion about Northern guilt for the crime of slavery.

Question 8

What effect did the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments have on the women's suffrage movement?

A) The amendments' exclusive focus on rights for black men angered many suffragists.
B) The movement divided over whether to support African Americans first and women second.
C) Women, who had long advocated for the rights of minorities, felt betrayed.
D) Suffragists were incensed that the word "male" would be linked to voting rights in the Constitution.
E) All of these choices.

Question 9

The reconstruction of Southern society was particularly difficult because

A) Southerners had lost their position in the international cotton market.
B) the integration of four million former slaves posed grave political questions.
C) Southern cities had suffered so severely in Sherman's and Grant's campaigns that many weren't fully rebuilt until the early 20th century.
D) about 23 percent of the Southern population had died.
E) Southern infrastructure was so damaged that it set the region behind for decades to come.

Question 10

Lincoln's plan for bringing the southern states back into the Union was viewed by many Republican members of Congress as

A) unrealistic and naïve.
B) unworkable due to its complexity.
C) much too lenient.
D) too harsh.
E) uncharacteristically vindictive.

Question 11

The Fifteenth Amendment

A) prohibited any state from denying citizens the right to vote on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
B) was initiated by the moderates in Congress who wanted to get the issue settled quickly.
C) was designed to protect the rights of black males and immigrant, non-citizen males.
D) was ratified and adopted in 1867, before any of the southern states returned to Congress.
E) specifically denied women the right to vote.

Question 12

In the aftermath of the Civil War,women's rights activists Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Olympia Brown did all of the following,except

A) use new national journals like The Agitator to advertise their cause.
B) push for the reform of marriage laws.
C) campaign for changes in inheritance laws.
D) wholeheartedly campaign on behalf of the political and economic rights of black men.
E) push for a constitutional guarantee of women's suffrage.

Question 13

Andrew Johnson responded to the two Military Reconstruction Acts by

A) vetoing both of them, only to see his vetoes overridden by a Congress controlled by Radical Republicans.
B) vetoing only the Second Military Reconstruction Act, but signing the initial Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 to become law.
C) vetoing the first Military Reconstruction Act of 1867, but signing the second.
D) encouraging an effort to block ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment to facilitate the re-entry of Southern states back into the United States.
E) letting both Military Reconstruction Acts become law without his signature.

Question 14

Reconstruction under President Andrew Johnson entailed all of the following,except

A) A loyalty oath to secure amnesty for most southerners who had participated in the rebellion.
B) Freedmen receiving forty acres and a mule to build their own economic security.
C) Confederate leaders and wealthy planters must appeal to President Johnson personally for a pardon and to regain full citizenship rights.
D) "Reconstructed" Southerners who received amnesty would retain all their property except slaves they held before and during the Civil War.
E) A presidentially appointed governor would control each rebel state until the loyalty oaths had been administered to the citizenry.

Question 15

The only state to have an African American judge on the state supreme court during the Reconstruction era was

A) Virginia.
B) Georgia.
C) North Carolina.
D) South Carolina.
E) Tennessee.

Question 16

In an effort to gain the right to vote,African Americans did all of the following during the Reconstruction era except

A) They marched for it.
B) They paraded to advocate for bills endorsing it.
C) They lionized black Revolutionary heroes to establish their credentials as vote-casting Americans.
D) They attempted to unite with the women's suffrage movement.
E) They held mock elections to show their capacity and desire to participate in the American political process.

Question 17

The only southern state to avoid the imposition of military rule was

A) Georgia.
B) Texas.
C) Florida.
D) Tennessee.
E) Louisiana.

Question 18

Passed by most of the new southern state governments during Reconstruction,the Black Codes did all of the following except

A) allow African Americans to buy and sell land.
B) legalize black marriages while banning interracial marriage.
C) permit African Americans to sit on juries.
D) make it legal for police to round up black vagrants and hire them out to white landowners.
E) increase the physical separation of black and white Americans.

Question 19

The Military Reconstruction Act

A) divided the southern states into five military districts overseen by a federal military presence.
B) required states to write new constitutions.
C) required ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment.
D) was enacted in 1867.
E) All of these choices.

Question 20

How did President Grant's administration respond to increased southern violence against free men and women?

A) The president sent troops to retain order in the South and arrest perpetrators.
B) They did nothing; the administration was busy grappling with the problems of the Whiskey Ring.
C) Grant sent a stern warning including threats of censuring southern Congressmen until the violence ceased.
D) The administration passed two laws making it a felony to interfere with the right to vote and allowing the government to suspend the writ of habeas corpus to end Klan violence.
E) Grant pushed for a measure to make the Ku Klux Klan illegal in the South.

Question 21

What event marked the failure and end of Reconstruction in the South?

A) Grant refused to intervene in the violence resulting from the Mississippi Plan, signaling a change in northern thinking.
B) Southern Democrats regained control of Congress.
C) The Compromise of 1877 brought moderate Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to the White House where he promptly withdrew federal troops from the South.
D) The election of Democrat Samuel B. Tilden as president of the United States.
E) Republicans in Congress proposed that attempts at Reconstruction be suspended for a time, all concurred, and it never started up again.

Question 22

White Redeemers terrorized African Americans in the South with arson,assassinations,and intimidation in order to

A) get blacks to emigrate back to Africa.
B) push freedmen to migrate to the North.
C) keep black men from voting.
D) prevent black men from dating and marrying white women.
E) force black men to work for them for substandard pay.

Question 23

Immediately after the Civil War,many white landowners

A) began advertising in the North and in Europe for farm workers, determined not to use black labor and pay for it.
B) tried without success to force blacks who had once been their slaves to work under very similar conditions, even to the point of using the whip.
C) could not understand how they were to treat the former slaves, since they had never been in that situation before.
D) decided to make the first overtures and directly offered shorter hours and no gang work.
E) sold their plantations rather than have to hire and pay free blacks.

Question 24

Lincoln selected Andrew Johnson for a running mate in 1864,hoping to get more support by including someone who was both non-Republican and a southerner.

Question 25

Despite opposition from the old guard elites,southern Republicans during the early years of Reconstruction managed to initiate several societal changes,including all of the following except

A) founding the South's first public school system.
B) gaining more rights and privileges for agricultural workers.
C) ensuring that the proportion of blacks with government positions matched their share of the population.
D) beginning internal improvements in various states.
E) implementing a workable anti-discrimination system.

Question 26

How did President Johnson's plans for bringing the southern states back into the Union differ from those of Lincoln? Why was Congress so upset with Johnson's actions?

Question 27

A southern white Republican was called a

A) carpetbagger.
B) scalawag.
C) turncoat.
D) traitor.
E) deviant.

Question 28

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 did not include restrictions on racial discrimination in

A) public facilities.
B) places of amusement.
C) the workplace.
D) transportation lines.
E) juries.

Question 29

Describe what happened in the 1876 election and explain how that turned out to be the end for Reconstruction.

Question 30

Racism was a particularly important incentive for poor white voters supportive of the Democratic ticket in the South because

A) keeping black people as an underclass in southern society was important to poor whites' sense of self-worth and economic well-being.
B) poor southern whites had too often suffered the arrogant abuse from free blacks in Southern cities.
C) poor southern whites lacked the education to understand the true equality of people of all colors.
D) poor whites stood to gain economically from the plight of black Southerners.
E) All of these choices.

Question 31

What were some of the major scandals of the Grant years? How responsible does Grant appear to have been for these things?

Question 32

In the sharecropping system,

A) black farmers owned a small piece of land for growing their own food, but they grew crops on a white man's land and equally shared the profits.
B) sharecroppers often split the profits from their crops with landlords.
C) it worked adequately as an interim system while the South tried to figure out something permanent between whites and blacks.
D) there were almost as many white sharecroppers as black sharecroppers.
E) many sharecroppers sometimes earned enough to make a down payment on land of their own.

Question 33

Almost one-fourth of the South's fighting-age men died in the Civil War.

Question 34

As a result of the Panic of 1873,

A) many American banks closed.
B) the nation blamed Republicans for the economic crisis, enabling the Democrats to win seventy-seven congressional seats in the 1874 election.
C) Reconstruction policies were blamed for the economic crisis.
D) Grant was voted out of office in 1876.
E) Grant blamed himself for not handling the financial crisis firmly enough.

Question 35

During Reconstruction,freed slaves ensured that Republicans dominated all of the new state governments in the South,at least until after the states ratified the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 36

The Fourteenth Amendment included,among other things,protection for the voting rights of African Americans.

Question 37

How did southern Democratic elites react to the actions of the Reconstruction Congress? What measures did they take to ensure that their way of life returned to "normal"?

Question 38

What was life like for a typical freedman and his family in the years immediately following the end of the war?

Question 39

Grant's presidential administration is remembered most for

A) lack of action.
B) his inability to master the job of president.
C) a marked increase in racism.
D) political chicanery and corruption.
E) a renewed commitment to Reconstruction legislation.

Question 40

In truth,more whites voted for Grant's opponent in the 1868 election than voted for Grant.

Question 41

A number of famous Confederates joined the Republican Party after the war,including James Longstreet and Pierre Beauregard.

Question 42

As Reconstruction moved into the background of the thoughts of northerners,racism and intimidation of black and Republican voters in the South became more visible.

Question 43

Northerners became consumed with economic matters after the U.S.entered a deep recession in 1873.

Question 44

The man who became president through the Compromise of 1877 was Rutherford Hayes.

Question 45

As an indication of the strength of the Ku Klux Klan,we can look to the fact that the organization killed or injured 2,000 people in Louisiana alone before the election of 1868.