Deck 8: Securing the New Nation, 1789-1800

Question 1

All of the following were reasons that the Democratic-Republicans opposed Hamilton's plan except

A) They feared that only speculators would benefit.
B) Some states had already paid off their debts, so they would now be paying the burdens of other states.
C) They feared it was a plot to favor agrarian interests.
D) Farmers thought a national bank would only serve the interests of financiers and merchants.
E) They thought that it was outside the federal government's powers to create a national bank.

Answer 1

They feared it was a plot to favor agrarian interests.

Question 2

Jefferson's resignation as Secretary of State was a sign of

A) his growing distrust of President Washington.
B) his desire to return to his plantation and focus on increasing profits there.
C) his hatred of Alexander Hamilton.
D) his opposition to Washington's neutrality and Jefferson's perceived loss of influence in foreign policy with the president.
E) his fear that news about his relationship with slave Sally Hemings could bring scandal and shame to Washington's presidency.

Answer 2

his opposition to Washington's neutrality and Jefferson's perceived loss of influence in foreign policy with the president.

Question 3

Britain's capture of American sailors for the purpose of forcing them into service in the British navy was called

A) impressment.
B) relocation.
C) appropriation.
D) kidnapping.
E) reassignment.

Answer 3

impressment.

Question 4

The first Congress elected in 1788 passed legislation concerning all of the following pressing tasks,except

A) setting up a system of federal courts.
B) securing the Bill of Rights that had been promised during the ratification period.
C) establishing the executive department.
D) banning the direct importation of African slaves.
E) raising revenues.

Question 5

Which of these did not exist as an executive cabinet department when the new government began?

A) Secretary of the Treasury
B) Office of Attorney General
C) Secretary of War
D) Secretary of State
E) Secretary of Labor

Question 6

Hamilton argued that Congress had the power to create a national bank because

A) the Constitution directly granted this power.
B) the Constitution gave Congress the power to do whatever was necessary to carry out its stated roles.
C) the Constitution delegated revenue powers to Congress.
D) he embraced a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
E) All of these choices.

Question 7

All of the following are true about "Citizen Genêt",except

A) Genêt was allowed to remain in the United States because Washington feared Genêt would most likely be executed upon his return to France.
B) When Washington proclaimed American neutrality in the European rivalries to avoid American entanglement, Genêt simply ignored it.
C) Those who welcomed the French ambassador did so because they remembered the French contribution to the American Revolution.
D) His mission was to raise support for the new French government in support against Spain and England.
E) Genêt received an enthusiastic reception everywhere in the United States.

Question 8

Under the Naturalization Act of 1790,

A) individual states were given the power to provide citizenship to immigrants.
B) Congress restricted immigration to only those who had needed skills.
C) even white, free women could not become citizens after immigrating to America.
D) only immigrants who were both free and white could ever become citizens.
E) Asians could earn a second class citizenship after twenty years, but they could never vote.

Question 9

From his cabinet choices,it is clear that Washington

A) had packed his cabinet with like-minded men.
B) was trying to achieve a political balance in perspectives from his advisers.
C) didn't quite have a handle on how he should choose his cabinet members.
D) knew that his job was going to require more knowledge and experience than he possessed.
E) was repaying political favors.

Question 10

When the new government went into operation in 1789,its first order of business was to

A) learn the ins and outs of the Constitution.
B) set precedents according to Constitutional guidelines.
C) decide on a permanent home for the Capital.
D) get the Post Office up and running.
E) get the Treasury Department on a sound footing.

Question 11

The Judiciary Act of 1789

A) created five circuit courts.
B) set up thirteen district courts and three circuit courts to accompany the Supreme Court.
C) provided for the selection of the first Supreme Court justices.
D) established the requirements and experience necessary for all judges.
E) gave the president the leeway to appoint judges as he saw fit.

Question 12

Which was not part of Hamilton's financial plan?

A) Assume the states' debts and have the federal government pay them at full value
B) Consolidate the loans that Congress incurred during the war
C) Raise revenue through bonds, tariffs, land sales, and an excise tax
D) Develop new products to sell to England
E) Create a federal bank and a national legal tender

Question 13

Jefferson's position in the cabinet put him in charge of all of the following except

A) public lands.
B) diplomatic relations.
C) the delivery of mail.
D) patents and copyrights.
E) the census.

Question 14

Under Alexander Hamilton's financial plan for the country,he viewed the new national government's debt as

A) something to be avoided at all costs, if possible.
B) an economic instrument to commit wealthy individuals who were owed money from the Revolutionary War to the success of the federal government.
C) having no place in a strong, centralized government.
D) a responsibility that should be passed on to the states.
E) favorable to the federal government, but troublesome for bankers and merchants.

Question 15

The first major deadlock that occurred in the new government concerned

A) the federal assumption of the country's debts owed to states and wealthy individuals.
B) where the capital should be permanently located.
C) how to respond to the "Whiskey Rebellion."
D) how to deal with foreign governments.
E) control over unlawful protective tariffs.

Question 16

The most important aspect(s)of the Pinckney Treaty of 1796 was that it

A) removed the whiskey tax.
B) resolved trade issues with Spain.
C) opened the Mississippi River to American shipping and allowed Americans to use the port of New Orleans to transport goods.
D) gave Pennsylvania farmers the right to use the Ohio River.
E) freed Americans to pay more attention to dealing with deteriorating relations with France.

Question 17

In the debate about how people should address the president

A) Federalists suggested the patriotic "Fellow American."
B) Anti-Federalists favored the glamorous "His Excellency."
C) Washington remained silent.
D) Americans at first favored "His Highness."
E) A French ambassador established the precedent calling Washington "Mr. President."

Question 18

All of the following are true about President George Washington,except

A) His reputation as an honest leader made him the obvious choice to lead the new government.
B) He did not run for the office of the president when it was created.
C) He had formally retired and had to be talked into coming back and serving his country once again.
D) At the time, he thought little of the fact that he had no contemporary role models.
E) He established several important precedents while in office.

Question 19

All of the following statements are true about the Whiskey Rebellion,except

A) Western grain farmers had come to rely on marketing whiskey since their crop was easier to transport through rugged terrain when in its distilled form.
B) Hamilton's plan taxed small whiskey producers more heavily than big ones.
C) Washington sent troops to quell the rebellion, sending a message that the nation would only tolerate peaceful protests.
D) Beginning in 1794, many westerners began to attack tax collectors.
E) Hamilton hoped to discourage liquor consumption with the whiskey tax.

Question 20

Which of these statements was not true of Jay's Treaty?

A) Britain agreed to leave its military posts along the frontier of the Northwest Territory.
B) Britain agreed to make reparations for cargo it had seized.
C) Britain agreed to stop impressing American sailors.
D) The United States lifted duties on British imports for ten years.
E) The treaty satisfied virtually no one and angered most.

Question 21

America became outraged over the XYZ Affair because

A) the British continued to impress American sailors.
B) the French began to raid American ships.
C) the French ambassador refused to meet with the American envoys.
D) the French representatives demanded money before they would allow the American envoys to see the French foreign minister.
E) France declared that a closer American alliance with Britain would mean war with France.

Question 22

Explain what happened in the election of 1800 that led to the election being settled by the House of Representatives.What did the method selected by the men who wrote the Constitution demonstrate about their willingness to trust the average American to make a decent choice?

Question 23

Democratic Republicans were opposed to President Washington's response to

A) Gabriel's Conspiracy.
B) the French Revolution.
C) the Haitian Revolution.
D) the XYZ Affair.
E) All of these events.

Question 24

Which of these did not result in America as a result of the Haitian Revolution?

A) Tighter slave codes
B) A South that was more convinced that it was meant to have slavery
C) The beginning of a French exit from the Caribbean
D) Gabriel's Conspiracy
E) Enhanced French commitment to strengthen and maintain its possessions throughout North America.

Question 25

The Hamilton Tariff of 1789 brought in enough money so that the federal government didn't have to always be presently concerned about having insufficient revenue.

Question 26

The first Congress found that after all the work of the Constitutional Convention,the Constitution left a great many issues not clearly defined.

Question 27

In his farewell address,Washington urged Americans to

A) try to develop a nonpartisan political system to resolve their political differences.
B) be vigilant in their dealings with the British.
C) support the causes he had supported.
D) support his vice president, John Adams, for president.
E) deal fairly with Native Americans.

Question 28

Discuss the presidency of George Washington.What challenges did the first president of the United States face,both nationally and in the conduct of his office?

Question 29

The Treaty of Greenville

A) drove the Indian tribes of the Ohio River Valley to the west side of the Mississippi River.
B) gave Britain control of formerly French territory.
C) kept the peace there for less than ten years.
D) put the American government even deeper into debt.
E) ended America's war with the Creek Indians.

Question 30

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were the first instances of individual states attempting to

A) secede from the Union.
B) nullify a federal law.
C) hijack a presidential election.
D) negotiate directly with a foreign country.
E) change the way presidential elections were run within individual states.

Question 31

All of the following is true about the Federalist Party,except

A) It had grown out of a group of American leaders who endorsed Jefferson's agrarian vision.
B) It had formed around the principles established in Hamilton's economic policies and Jay's Treaty.
C) It was suspicious of the whims of the populace.
D) Federalist strongholds were in New England and the Middle Atlantic.
E) Most members of the party were wealthy merchants, large property owners, and conservative farmers.

Question 32

Which of these statements was true of the Democratic-Republican Party?

A) It favored Jay's Treaty.
B) It was supported by Alexander Hamilton.
C) It supported a national bank but wanted limited government otherwise.
D) It supported France over Britain whenever the opportunity arose.
E) It was headed by John Adams.

Question 33

Analyze the financial plan laid out by Alexander Hamilton.List any details that make you think the plan was a good one,and then list details that you think would weaken his plans.

Question 34

The election of 1800

A) saw the Federalists retain control of the House of Representatives.
B) led to the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution, allowing electors to vote for president and vice president separately.
C) saw the Federalists retain control of the Senate.
D) resulted in the Democratic-Republicans gaining a president but losing Congress.
E) ended with the Democratic-Republicans losing the Senate but taking control of the House.

Question 35

"Implied powers" suggested that the Constitution gave Congress much more power than mere words would suggest,by stating that it had the power to do whatever was "necessary and proper" to the efficient functioning of the government.

Question 36

The Sedition Act was controversial because

A) it started a political battle that ended the friendship of Jefferson and Adams.
B) it led to the imprisonment of several Federalist newspaper editors.
C) it required the federal government to deport citizens of enemy nations, including political refugees.
D) it violated first amendment guarantees of freedom of speech and the press.
E) All of these choices

Question 37

What was the significance of the Haitian slave revolution-to France and to North America? How did the island rebellion influence Gabriel's Conspiracy?

Question 38

John Adams was a one term president,in large part due to

A) his disagreements with Thomas Jefferson.
B) the political controversy over the Alien and Sedition Acts.
C) the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.
D) the doctrine of nullification.
E) the XYZ Affair.

Question 39

In compiling possible items for the Bill of Rights,James Madison proposed seventeen amendments to the Constitution.However Congress approved only twelve of these amendments,and the states,in turn,ultimately ratified only ten of the original seventeen amendments proposed by Madison.

Question 40

What was the XYZ Affair? What made Americans so angry about this incident? What did this do to the relationship between the French and the Americans?

Question 41

Gabriel's Conspiracy was a direct result of the Haitian Revolution.

Question 42

The Democratic-Republicans sided with France rather than with Great Britain and supported a national bank.

Question 43

The Indian Trade and Intercourse Acts made it illegal for Americans to trade with or buy lands from Indians without the consent of the federal government.

Question 44

The whiskey tax actually taxed small producers more than it did large producers,in part because the government wanted to prove to small farmers and westerners that it had the power to do so.

Question 45

Hamilton,Adams,and Jefferson would all come to be known as Federalists.

Question 46

Many Americans thought it unfair that Secretary of the Treasury Hamilton wanted the federal government to assume states' debts from the war,since some states had paid off a good bit of their debt while others had paid none at all.