Deck 10: The Market Revolution

Question 1

Which of the following happened during the Market Revolution?

A) Goods could first be taken to market quickly across the entire United States.
B) Each town began to open fresh air markets for selling and bartering crops.
C) A growing number of farmers began to focus on single crops that they could sell for profit, rather than only growing what they needed to be self-sufficient.
D) The United States stopped all overseas commercial transactions between the America and Europe.
E) The United States tried to separate itself from the world economy and buy and sell only at home.

Answer 1

A growing number of farmers began to focus on single crops that they could sell for profit, rather than only growing what they needed to be self-sufficient.

Question 2

Who of the following did not support the economic plan called the American System?

A) Young Democratic-Republicans from the West
B) Southern cotton plantation owners
C) Henry Clay of Kentucky
D) Younger politicians from the Middle Atlantic states
E) John C. Calhoun of South Carolina

Answer 2

Southern cotton plantation owners

Question 3

The "putting-out" system of production referred to

A) the system whereby manufacturers would pay a family to perform one task in producing an item.
B) the production method used by Samuel Slater's textile mills.
C) the method by which cotton was transformed from its raw state into a usable textile.
D) the process by which factory output was measured.
E) a series of small family-run factories that were interconnected.

Answer 3

the system whereby manufacturers would pay a family to perform one task in producing an item.

Question 4

The Erie Canal was an important aspect of the transportation revolution in all of the following ways except

A) aiding in the growth of New York City as a major economic hub.
B) moving goods faster, more cheaply, and more efficiently.
C) encouraging other states to invest in transportation networks.
D) linking the eastern states with those in the South.
E) encouraging the nation's farmers to specialize.

Question 5

By 1850,the percentage of the American labor force employed in agriculture had declined to

A) 15 percent.
B) 35 percent.
C) 55 percent.
D) 75 percent.
E) 85 percent.

Question 6

Which of the following was not a social change associated with the Market Revolution in America?

A) Growth of cities
B) Impacts on the environment
C) Improvements in urban living conditions
D) More protest movements
E) Changes in the makeup of the work force

Question 7

The Monroe Doctrine of 1823

A) declared that the United States would turn its trade efforts toward Asia if the European nations continued to battle with each other.
B) declared the Western Hemisphere off-limits to further European colonization.
C) declared America's intention to annex as much of Central America as possible.
D) ordered all European colonizers of Latin America to release their colonies.
E) announced America's intention to isolate itself from the countries of Europe.

Question 8

The key development in the communications revolution was the

A) telegraph.
B) railroad.
C) Pony Express.
D) stagecoach.
E) telephone.

Question 9

In Gibbons v.Ogden the Supreme Court

A) established the precedent of judicial review.
B) forbade state legislatures to alter a college charter in order to gain control over them.
C) confirmed the federal government's power to regulate commerce overruled that of the states.
D) declared the international slave trade unconstitutional.
E) handed the victory in the 1824 election to John Quincy Adams.

Question 10

How did Eli Whitney's invention,the cotton gin,transform southern agriculture?

A) It made it possible to cultivate cotton in poor soil.
B) It made it possible for farmers to earn huge profits with just a little land and a few slaves.
C) It maintained slavery and facilitated its movement onto western territories.
D) All of these choices.
E) None of these choices.

Question 11

All of these were key components of the American System except

A) a national bank.
B) protective tariffs.
C) internal improvements.
D) increased role of the federal government in stimulating economic growth.
E) a self-sustaining agricultural system.

Question 12

All of the following are true about 19th century railroads,except

A) Rail transportation had a number of significant advantages over canal travel.
B) Trains traveled significantly faster than mules.
C) Railroads had become the cornerstone of the American transportation revolution of the 1840s and 1850s.
D) Railroads crisscrossed the South far more densely than in the North.
E) By the 1860s, more than 30,000 miles of track ran through the country.

Question 13

In Francis Lowell's textile mills,most of the workers were initially

A) young men from the overcrowded cities.
B) children from twelve to seventeen years of age.
C) newly arrived immigrants with no other choices.
D) young, single, Protestant farm women.
E) family groups.

Question 14

All of the following are true about the Cumberland Road,except

A) It was the best known turnpike in the early 19th century.
B) It extended from Maryland to West Virginia.
C) Large stretches of the Cumberland were operated as toll roads.
D) The road was widely considered sufficient for the region's commercial infrastructure needs.
E) Like most roads of the time, it was mostly unpaved.

Question 15

By the 1850s,the cornerstone of America's transportation system was

A) railroads.
B) turnpikes.
C) steamboats.
D) canals.
E) automobiles.

Question 16

The Erie Canal

A) was more than 500 miles long.
B) was constructed over a period of about three years.
C) connected the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo.
D) cut down on travel time by a matter of weeks.
E) was completed in 1817.

Question 17

The middle class

A) had been a staple of American society since the American Revolution.
B) emerged with the factory system, and the creation of managers and supervisors.
C) included factory owners and yeoman farmers.
D) was a social status that only the educated could attain.
E) None of these choices.

Question 18

It could most accurately be said of Irish immigration after 1840 that

A) male Irish immigrants were welcomed by Protestant Americans of English, German, and Dutch ethnic backgrounds.
B) many Americans viewed Irish Catholics with fear and distrust because of their Catholic religion.
C) Irish fleeing the disaster of famine in their homeland brought with them much needed factory skills.
D) less than half of the immigrant arrivals after 1840 were Irish fleeing the famine in Ireland.
E) most Irish immigrants settled in the industrialized cities of the Midwest, where their opportunities for work were greater.

Question 19

As the Market Revolution progressed,Americans found that their role in the economy changed so that they were now

A) attaining complete self-sufficiency.
B) shipping more of what they made abroad rather than selling it domestically.
C) learning how the American System really operated.
D) becoming consumers as well as producers.
E) making more money than they could spend.

Question 20

The purpose of the Tariff of 1816 was to

A) raise revenue for the Second Bank of the United States.
B) prevent the import of British tea.
C) block the importation of slaves.
D) limit the consumption of foreign imports and encourage the development of American manufacturing and commerce.
E) foster a new trade network with Canada and Mexico.

Question 21

After the railroads moved westward,farmers turned even more to specialized agriculture,with a wheat belt reaching from western New York to Wisconsin,a corn belt from Ohio to Illinois,a tobacco belt from Kentucky to Missouri,and a cotton belt from Georgia to Mississippi.

Question 22

Why did women become active in the temperance movement?

A) Women, out of boredom, had begun drinking, often to excess.
B) The rate of alcoholism in America had skyrocketed.
C) They saw excessive drinking as leading to the decline of family life.
D) They feared the rise of organized crime that accompanied saloons and the sale of wholesale alcohol.
E) Many of the women were church members, and the church was opposed to alcohol consumption.

Question 23

The largest and most vehement of the social reform efforts was the one concerned about

A) child labor.
B) unsafe working conditions.
C) consumption of alcohol.
D) teaching English to immigrants.
E) shorter workdays and better pay.

Question 24

List and discuss the most important transportation improvements that took place in the first half of the 1800s.Which was most important? Why?

Question 25

The nationalist program for economic growth that was put into effect in the early 1800s was very similar to the American Plan of Alexander Hamilton.

Question 26

What inspired women like Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to start a women's rights movement?

A) Mott faced discrimination when she attempted to enter the workforce.
B) They had been involved with abolitionism and noticed parallels between women's lack of rights and those of African Americans.
C) They were angered that the Grimke sisters were chastised for their abolitionism and told that women's place is in the home.
D) They were both married and saw that marriage laws made women virtual children.
E) All of these choices.

Question 27

Discuss the major reform efforts that emerged,mostly in America's cities,during the first half of the 1800s.Why were these reforms necessary? What groups were most likely to be involved in the reform movements?

Question 28

All of the following is true about the Women's Rights Convention at Seneca Falls in 1848,except

A) Its Declaration of Sentiments was modeled after the Declaration of Independence.
B) The Convention called for women's right to vote.
C) The convention was organized both by women's rights activists and by the nation's leading abolitionists.
D) One of the most famous activists present at the Seneca Falls Convention was Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
E) Participants of the Convention formed the Women's Suffrage Party which sought to make women's right to vote a party issue in Congress.

Question 29

Which of these statements is not an accurate reflection of the Second Great Awakening?

A) The middle class became more actively involved than any other group in society.
B) It stressed that hard work and good deeds were the key to salvation in heaven.
C) New evangelical sects emerged.
D) Preachers revived religious ideas advocated by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield during the First Great Awakening.
E) It began in the West and spread both to the Northeast and to the South.

Question 30

All of the following are true about 19ᵗʰ century utopianism except

A) It sought to perfect society and its adherents were unhappy with the transformations brought by the market revolution.
B) People who embraced utopian ideas formed hundreds of communal societies.
C) The Oneida community stressed open sexual mores.
D) All of these choices.
E) None of these choices.

Question 31

What was the Monroe Doctrine,why and when was it issued,and what was its significance?

Question 32

The development of the railroad improved the self-sufficiency of the South with its diversified farming.

Question 33

Joseph Smith told followers of the Mormon religion he founded that

A) he was visited by the angel Gabriel and told to start the new faith.
B) persecution was their cross to bear as God's disciples.
C) he had seen ancient tablets containing predictions about the end of the world; that he and his followers were called to usher in the new millennium.
D) God expected women to play a leadership role in this new faith.
E) All of these choices.

Question 34

Explain the significance of the Second Great Awakening,and describe the changes it brought about throughout the United States.

Question 35

In what ways did farming change during the Market Revolution? What technological improvements made this possible?

Question 36

The "cult of female domesticity" was the notion that women should

A) share in the responsibility of providing a living for the family.
B) be kept on a pedestal so that their husbands did not mistreat them.
C) hold out for marriage to men who would treat them as equals.
D) be the protectors of the home and family life rather than wage earners.
E) recognize their inability to compete with men in the dog-eat-dog world of business and instead focus on farm work.

Question 37

The reform impulse that swept through America in the first half of the nineteenth century sought improvements in all of the following areas except

A) public education.
B) prisons.
C) working conditions.
D) treatment of the mentally ill.
E) slavery.

Question 38

Explain how and why life in America's cities changed as a result of the Market Revolution and the increasing industrialization and urbanization of the country.

Question 39

What was the role of the National Bank in the development of America's Market Revolution? Explain how the Bank operated to fulfill this role.

Question 40

The Transcendental movement was based on the premise that

A) there were certain truths that humans must grasp if they were to succeed in life.
B) only by learning the "ultimate truths" could humans achieve perfectibility.
C) a utopian community would provide a better form of government than the one that existed in America at the time.
D) social respectability was one of life's greatest rewards.
E) since ultimate truths are unknowable, people must look inward for the answers about how to improve the human condition.

Question 41

Cyrus McCormick advanced the shift to commercial agriculture with his invention of the reaper.

Question 42

Westward expansion finally brought the question of slavery out into the open where it could be discussed freely and without rancor.

Question 43

As the major trading link between the U.S.interior and the Atlantic Ocean,New York City became the nation's major economic center.

Question 44

The American Female Moral Reform Society was established to help women overcome the shame of prostitution.

Question 45

The "burned-over district" was a term used to describe the impact fiery preachers had in creating new converts during the Second Great Awakening.

Question 46

The region which led the nation with its public education system was the South.

Question 47

The first of America's "power loom" textile mills that wove cloth under one factory roof was put into operation by Samuel Slater.