Deck 11: Politics of the Market Revolution

Question 1

The booms and busts of the economy in the early decades of the 1800s caused many Americans to feel that

A) free trade was not a viable system.
B) the government should take control of major industries.
C) the system was unfairly slanted toward the already wealthy.
D) government should be more responsive to their needs.
E) they were just destined to be at the mercy of cyclical downturns that could not be averted.

Answer 1

government should be more responsive to their needs.

Question 2

Which of these was not part of the new participatory style of democratic politics that developed during the Jacksonian era and transformed American politics?

A) Partisan newspapers
B) Public rallies and speeches
C) Heavy voter fraud
D) Parades and marching bands
E) Picnics and other social gatherings

Answer 2

Heavy voter fraud

Question 3

Through his animosity toward the National Bank,Andrew Jackson

A) almost managed to bring the workings of the federal government to a standstill.
B) ruined the national currency, which did not recover until the Civil War.
C) convinced many people in America that paper currency was only helpful to the wealthy.
D) put personal feelings above the needs of the nation in an extremely unsettled time.
E) made many of his personal friends wealthy by his actions against it.

Answer 3

ruined the national currency, which did not recover until the Civil War.

Question 4

All of the following are true statements about the Panic of 1837 except

A) Several hundred banks in New York City shut down.
B) It was the worst depression in U.S. history, except for the Great Depression of the 1930s.
C) People in the western territories were spared from the worst effects of the crisis.
D) Land speculation and paper currency issues helped trigger the economic downturn.
E) The Specie Circular was a major contributing factor.

Question 5

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the Nullification Crisis?

A) Jackson's supporters pressured Congress to nullify the 1824 election results and make him president.
B) Western farmers sought to nullify foreclosures on their farms that resulted from the depression.
C) President Jackson nullified the Supreme Court decision that granted the Cherokee the right to remain in Georgia.
D) President Jackson nullified the charter of the Bank of the United States.
E) South Carolina nullified federal tariffs and challenged the constitutional principle that the federal government had the sole authority to regulate foreign trade.

Question 6

Some southerners had come to hate the Seminoles of Florida because they had

A) fought viciously against Andrew Jackson when he had faced them in earlier Indian wars.
B) offered freedom on Seminole land to escaped slaves.
C) raided plantations and captured slaves for their own use.
D) created havoc on plantations by burning crops to protest slavery.
E) shown disdain for the U.S. government by refusing to surrender for removal to the west of the Mississippi River.

Question 7

During the election of 1828,incumbent president John Quincy Adams

A) joined Jackson briefly on the campaign trail.
B) sent out his supporters to rally the general public.
C) spoke often of his accomplishments during his first term.
D) stayed in the White House and made no real effort to reach out to the people.
E) made numerous speeches detailing his plans for internal improvements and the support of manufacturing interests.

Question 8

The direct appointment to a government job in exchange for helping a politician campaign for office is called the "spoils system," or

A) patronage.
B) protection.
C) leverage.
D) keeping retainers.
E) corruption.

Question 9

Why is Jackson's rise to the presidency labeled "the age of the common man"?

A) He appealed to all Americans, across class lines.
B) Voters from the North turned out to support him.
C) He reached out to the masses, including the working class and frontiersmen.
D) He was an advocate for the rights of free blacks and Native Americans.
E) He beat John Quincy Adams.

Question 10

On the question of tariffs in the early 1800s,which of these would be the most accurate statement?

A) The main purpose was to protect American industries, particularly the textile factories of New England.
B) The tariff provided much-needed funds for maintaining the federal government.
C) Southerners supported the tariff because the South got most of the economic benefits.
D) The tariff was higher in the South than in the North.
E) The tariff was an added tax placed on internal products.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes wildcat banking?

A) The Bank of the United States kept a close eye on rural banks and tamed financial institutions that seemed to run wild with their lending practices.
B) East coast bankers used the term to ridicule western banks in remote areas.
C) The term refers to excessively high interest rates at the Bank of the United States.
D) The term refers to the unregulated expansion of hundreds of paper currencies that appeared across the country in the wake of the dissolution of the Bank of the United States.
E) The term describes the practice of western banks to accept furs and skins from trappers as collateral.

Question 12

The party that was formed by Clay,Adams,and their followers finally took the name of the

A) Second Party.
B) National Republicans.
C) Federal Party.
D) Whig Party.
E) Tory Party.

Question 13

By 1824,almost all states had

A) passed laws forbidding women to vote.
B) passed laws forbidding African Americans to vote.
C) dropped literacy tests as a requirement for voting.
D) specifically excluded poor blacks from voting.
E) passed laws to allow all free white males to vote.

Question 14

Andrew Jackson was the first president to

A) live in the White House without a First Lady.
B) have been a lawyer.
C) fight a duel while he was president.
D) be born outside New England or Virginia.
E) have no children.

Question 15

The Panic of 1819 hit farmers in the West particularly hard because

A) farmers had invested heavily in modern machinery.
B) they had hired workers to whom they now owed wages.
C) they had bought their farms on credit, could not afford the payments and risked foreclosure.
D) American consumers were turning to cheaper European imports.
E) the economic panic was accompanied by a severe drought.

Question 16

In his Proclamation on Nullification in December 1832,President Jackson

A) conceded the importance of states' rights in some matters, but not in federal tariffs.
B) suggested that South Carolina ought to leave the union if it rejected federal law.
C) threatened South Carolina with military invasion.
D) declared that the union of states was perpetual and that only the Supreme Court could reject federal law.
E) announced that he himself would nullify the tariff as a sign of concession to South Carolina.

Question 17

In the election of 1824,when none of the four presidential candidates commanded a majority of votes,the election was decided by

A) the Electoral College.
B) the House of Representatives.
C) the Senate.
D) the vice president and Congress.
E) the popular vote.

Question 18

Which of these was not a cause of the Panic of 1819,the first real economic depression in America?

A) Rapidly declining global demand for American farm products
B) The tightening of credit
C) The president's veto of the bill rechartering the Second National Bank
D) Europe's economic recovery
E) Dramatically lower purchases from Europe of U.S. cotton

Question 19

In 1824,Jackson and his supporters referred to which of the following as a "corrupt bargain"?

A) The alleged deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay that gave Adams the presidency
B) A deal between the Bank of the United States and a series of small country banks that violated the strict banking rules of the time
C) An agreement between South Carolina and Virginia to organize the opposition to congressional debates of slavery
D) A plan pursued by New England legislators to pass a high tariff
E) Voter fraud in the American West

Question 20

Between 1824 and 1840,voter turnout went from 24 to ____ percent.

A) 15
B) 25
C) 55
D) 80
E) 95

Question 21

Which of the following statements is not true concerning why the Cherokee were pushed off their land in Georgia?

A) Southeastern land was in scarce supply, pushing farmers west in search of land.
B) There was ongoing disregard for Native Americans and their rights.
C) Passage of the Indian Removal Act made it U.S. policy to push Native Americans west of the Mississippi River.
D) A large majority of the tribe signed a treaty with Jackson to trade their land in Georgia for a larger parcel in Oklahoma.
E) Andrew Jackson disregarded the Supreme Court decision upholding the Cherokees' rights to their Georgia land.

Question 22

How did the National Bank operate during the early 1800s,and how did this impact the economy?

Question 23

In Worcester v.Georgia,

A) the Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee nation was a sovereign nation and that the state of Georgia could not enter it without Cherokee permission.
B) President Jackson asked Georgia to police its western border with the Cherokee.
C) Georgian gold seekers received the right to mine on Cherokee land.
D) a southern slaveholder won his suit over Georgia's repossession of ten of his slaves.
E) the Bank of the United States lost its suit for a renewal of its charter.

Question 24

Explain the differences between the Whigs and the Democrats.

Question 25

Describe the changes in the way political campaigns were conducted that took place during the Age of Jackson.How would those campaigns compare to our presidential contests today?

Question 26

President Jackson distrusted the National Bank because

A) he thought Nicholas Biddle was assuming too much power.
B) he did not believe that the Bank was constitutional.
C) private owners held shares in the Bank.
D) he viewed paper money as dangerous, based on his personal financial losses in a bank during the 1790s.
E) so many different currencies existed throughout the United States.

Question 27

Andrew Jackson faced four major issues during his presidency.What were they,and how did he respond to each one?

Question 28

What were the events that led up to the Panic of 1837 and the depression that followed? How much credit or blame would you assign to Andrew Jackson for his actions during this time?

Question 29

The Specie Circular was

A) a bulletin put out by Nicholas Biddle to let Americans know how the National Bank was doing.
B) an executive order stating that the federal government would no longer accept any paper currencies, but only gold or silver.
C) responsible for the withdrawal of most of the gold and silver out of the nation's banks, with only New York and Philadelphia banks able to continue to function.
D) a government decision that led to much land speculation in the West.
E) a direct result of the Market Revolution and the unsettled economic times.

Question 30

A significant factor leading to the Panic of 1819 was the unexpected decrease in the world's demand for the cotton grown in the American South.

Question 31

As the president of the Second Bank of the United States,____ attempted to manage the money supply and distribution in America to stabilize the economy.

A) Andrew Jackson.
B) Henry Clay.
C) Alexander Hamilton.
D) Nicholas Biddle.
E) John C. Calhoun.

Question 32

Which act authorized the president to use the U.S.army and navy to put down insurrections?

A) Nullification Act
B) Non-Secession Bill
C) Insurrection Act
D) Anti-Insurrection Act
E) Force Bill

Question 33

When and why was the Whig Party formed,and what groups made up most of its membership?

Question 34

The Trail of Tears was the name given to the forced march of the ____ nation to land in Oklahoma.

A) Shawnee
B) Seminole
C) Cherokee
D) Choctaw
E) Creek

Question 35

Jacksonian Democrats

A) believed in an active federal government that financed internal improvements and promoted the moral health of the nation through antislavery laws.
B) favored a redistribution of land so that poor farmers would have a chance to become independent.
C) thought that the federal government should remain small and avoid telling people how to conduct themselves.
D) embraced the market revolution and saw business and the people's interests as complimentary.
E) wanted to confront the question of slavery head on so that they could get the issue behind them, but the Whigs were reluctant to discuss it openly.

Question 36

The "corrupt bargain" deprived John Quincy Adams of his reelection in 1828.

Question 37

Why did Andrew Jackson and his supporters maintain that a "corrupt bargain" had been struck in the 1824 presidential election? How did this influence his campaign for the presidency again in 1828?

Question 38

Which of the following was not true of the situation between whites and blacks in the North?

A) Free blacks could not settle in the states of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.
B) Only in Massachusetts could a black person sit on a jury.
C) Segregation was the norm, with separate sitting areas in basically all methods of transportation.
D) Free blacks were allowed to sit on juries throughout most states in the North.
E) Racism was rampant in northern society, and almost total separation between the two races was the preference of most whites.

Question 39

Which of the following concepts was not supported by the Whig Party?

A) Federal funds should be used to finance internal improvements such as railroads and canals.
B) Government could be used to legislate morality for America.
C) Market capitalism benefited all Americans over time.
D) Banks were essential for controlling the money flow of the country.
E) Immigration was making America stronger by creating new sources of labor.

Question 40

Even as states began to drop property ownership as a requirement for voting,some states continued to specifically deny the franchise to women and black males.

Question 41

One commonality among the Whigs and the Democrats was that both parties avoided discussing slavery and its westward expansion because they worried it would cause divisions within their own parties.

Question 42

President Andrew Jackson initially enforced the right of the Cherokee Indians in Georgia after the Supreme Court decision in Worcester v.Georgia.

Question 43

The concern expressed about protecting the rights of a minority in a government generally based on majority rule found in the South Carolina Exposition and Protest written by John C.Calhoun mirrored a similar concern expressed in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions written by Thomas Jefferson.

Question 44

Although the Second Bank of the United States had a twenty year charter that would not be up for renewal until 1836,Nicholas Biddle maneuvered to make it an issue in Jackson's campaign for reelection.

Question 45

The biggest battles between Jackson and his vice president,John C.Calhoun,were over the National Bank.

Question 46

By 1840,the turnout for voting in national elections had reached an astounding 80 percent.

Question 47

The Nullification Crisis demonstrated Jackson's sympathy for Southern states' rights.