Deck 8: Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Question 1

Binet and Simon defined mental age as the

A)likelihood that the child will resist mental disorder.
B)child's ultimate intellectual potential.
C)child's present age, in years and months.
D)age that best fits the child's current level of intellectual performance.

Answer 1

age that best fits the child's current level of intellectual performance.

Question 2

The ____ perspective on intellectual development has led to the development of intelligence tests.

A)psychoanalytic
B)sociocultural
C)psychometric
D)Piagetian

Answer 2

psychometric

Question 3

Following pretesting, Binet and Simon retained for inclusion in their intelligence test the items that

A)were more familiar to boys than to girls.
B)discriminated smart children from dull children.
C)gave an advantage to Caucasians relative to minorities.
D)were so difficult that only 10 percent of children got them right.

Answer 3

discriminated smart children from dull children.

Question 4

The basic presumption of statistical factor analysis is that items on an intelligence test

A)each measure a distinct specialized mental ability.
B)will correlate highly if they measure the same factor.
C)are so contaminated with culture bias as to be useless.
D)all tend to measure a single grand general factor.

Question 5

The statistical procedure called ____ is used to identify the separate abilities assessed by a test.

A)trend analysis
B)multiple correlation
C)partial correlation
D)factor analysis

Question 6

When a test reports the child's intelligence as a single score, it implies that the test designer believes that

A)the child's pattern of errors reveals her intelligence.
B)intelligence is mainly or entirely a general factor.
C)creativity is the same as intelligence.
D)intelligence is a group of distinctly separate abilities.

Question 7

PIAGET is to PSYCHOMETRICS as ____ is to ____.

A)UNIVERSALS :: DIFFERENCES
B)CONTINUITY :: STAGES
C)ADULT GUIDANCE :: CHILD INDEPENDENCE
D)DESPAIR :: HOPE

Question 8

Which psychometrician would be LEAST interested in factor analysis because of his belief that intelligence is a general factor?

A)Louis Thurstone
B)Raymond Cattell
C)Howard Gardner
D)Alfred Binet

Question 9

Statistical "factor analysis" is applied in intelligence testing to

A)assess the person's level of effort exerted.
B)calculate the person's score on the general factor.
C)identify the separate clusters of abilities measured by the test.
D)assess the test's relative contamination by culture bias.

Question 10

The change applied to the Binet-Simon intelligence test in 1908 was that

A)separate norm tables were prepared for girls and boys.
B)items were added to test dietary-related intelligence.
C)the theoretical notion of "mental age" was abandoned.
D)the items were age-graded.

Question 11

A brief slogan of psychometrics would be,

A)"Explain!"
B)"Equalize!"
C)"Measure!"
D)"Interfere!"

Question 12

To the ordinary person, being highly intelligent means that you are

A)highly original in your thinking.
B)socially clever with others.
C)a fast and decisive leader.
D)smarter than others.

Question 13

The goal of Alfred Binet's first intelligence test was to identify

A)children who needed remedial instruction.
B)intellectually gifted children who were well adjusted.
C)teachers' innate aptitudes for tutoring slow learners.
D)whether intelligence is a single factor or many factors.

Question 14

In Binet's original intelligence test, which of these was NOT among the several factors that were measured?

A)Verbal comprehension
B)Reaction time
C)Attention
D)Numerical reasoning

Question 15

In Binet's intelligence test, what was meant by the expression, "mental age of seven"?

A)The child had an exceptionally long fetal development.
B)The seven multiple intelligences are in the normal range.
C)The child passed items that most seven-year-olds pass.
D)About 7 of 10 (70 percent) of the items were solved correctly.

Question 16

Although experts vary in how they define intelligence, there is some agreement that it includes abilities to

A)react quickly to multiple targets or ideas.
B)anticipate accurately the future motions of others.
C)anticipate rare problems before they actually occur.
D)think abstractly and solve problems.

Question 17

In Binet's intelligence test, the child's intellectual performance was represented as the

A)mental age.
B)triarchic value.
C)dynamic assessment score.
D)level II ability score.

Question 18

INFORMATION PROCESSING is to PSYCHOMETRICS as ____ is to ____.

A)INDIVIDUAL :: GROUP
B)SYSTEMATIC :: RANDOM
C)PRESSURE :: RELAXATION
D)PROCESS :: PRODUCT

Question 19

According to psychometrician Charles Spearman, intelligence is conceptualized as a two-factor model

A)with a g-factor and s-factors.
B)of crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence.
C)consisting of creativity and mental speed/accuracy.
D)verbal skills and mathematical skills.

Question 20

To psychometricians, intelligence is a(n)

A)invisible psychical force that animates the brain.
B)holistic conscious entity that defies measurement.
C)set of traits that vary in strength among individuals.
D)genetically preplanned set of potentialities.

Question 21

Tarzan is a feral boy rescued from the wilderness. He will do poorly on intelligence tests but might do relatively well on tests of

A)factual knowledge.
B)fluid intelligence.
C)crystallized intelligence.
D)a two-generation intervention.

Question 22

Louis Thurstone's factor analyses led him to the theoretical conclusion that Spearman's g-factor is

A)a general ability that supports many tasks.
B)present in humans and apes, but not in lower animals.
C)biologically based in each person's distinct genotype.
D)actually seven separate mental abilities.

Question 23

Spearman's early use of factor analysis led him to conclude that intelligence is

A)impossible to assess in a psychometrically valid way.
B)a general ability plus some special abilities.
C)a group of separate multicomponents.
D)a single general ability.

Question 24

In Guilford's theory, perceiving a person's thoughts from his or her facial expressions contributes to

A)dynamic assessment.
B)fluid intelligence.
C)negative stereotyping.
D)social intelligence.

Question 25

As one ascends the theoretical strata in Carroll's hierarchical theory, intellectual factors become more

A)free from cultural biases.
B)gender-focused.
C)specific.
D)global.

Question 26

A child who gets an excellent education at a top school will likely do well on tests of ____ intelligence.

A)structure-of-intellect
B)general factor
C)crystallized
D)fluid

Question 27

An examiner says, "We now have data on 150 of Albert's mental abilities, and we will receive results on the 30 remaining abilities later." The examiner accepts the psychometric theory of

A)Robert Sternberg.
B)Charles Spearman.
C)Alfred Binet.
D)J.P. Guilford

Question 28

For Cattell and Horn, crystallized intelligence refers to

A)the ability to remember or solve problems.
B)acquired knowledge and ability.
C)abstract ideas that relate to crystalline structures.
D)the ability to apply formal symbolic logic.

Question 29

For Cattell, FLUID INTELLIGENCE is to CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE as ____ is to ____.

A)SOLID :: WATER
B)SMART :: STUPID
C)INTUITION :: SCHOOLING
D)CONVERGENT THINKING :: DIVERGENT THINKING

Question 30

Whose psychometric theory identified as many as 180 mental abilities?

A)Alfred Binet
B)Louis Thurstone
C)Charles Spearman
D)J. P. Guilford

Question 31

Cattell elaborated on Spearman's "general factor" and on Thurstone's "primary mental abilities" by

A)subdividing IQ into verbal and nonverbal components.
B)labeling it as the "cognitive melting pot."
C)identifying a total of 180 factors via factor analysis.
D)dividing them into fluid and crystallized intelligence.

Question 32

In Guilford's structure-of-intellect model, as many as ____ test(s) are needed to totally measure intelligence.

A)one
B)seven
C)64
D)180

Question 33

In developing his structure-of-intellect model, Guilford classified various developmental tasks along these dimensions EXCEPT

A)contents, what the person must think about.
B)complexity, the difficulty of the task.
C)products, the kind of answer needed.
D)operations, what the person does.

Question 34

Which of these was NOT among the seven primary mental abilities proposed by Louis Thurstone?

A)Perceptual speed
B)Numerical reasoning
C)Psychical knowledge
D)Spatial ability

Question 35

In terms of intelligence, g-factor refers to

A)thinking by visualizing three-dimensional images.
B)acquired abilities of knowledge.
C)an underlying general ability that applies to all types of test performance.
D)grand factors that are especially important.

Question 36

The s-factor in Spearman's intelligence theory is a(n)

A)special ability that is unique to a type of test.
B)special factor, to label children needing special education.
C)ability to solve problems, reason, or recall.
D)supernatural factor, to identify psychic abilities.

Question 37

Guilford, in his structure-of-intellect model, judged that there are 180 basic mental abilities by

A)keeping his theory as simple as possible.
B)calculating the mixes of contents/operations/products.
C)doing "armchair theorizing," thinking up possibilities.
D)surveying other experts and averaging their responses.

Question 38

A big criticism against Guilford's structure-of-intellect theory of intelligence is that

A)scores on the many separate factors are often correlated.
B)the brain is too small to hold 180 separate abilities.
C)reflective thinkers cannot identify 180 separate skills.
D)Caucasians do better than other races on Guilford's tests.

Question 39

According to Cattell and Horn, fluid intelligence refers to

A)ideas that relate abstractly to liquids.
B)the ability to perceive relationships and solve relational problems independent of experience in school.
C)acquired knowledge and ability.
D)factors that are specific to a particular test type.

Question 40

Factor analytic studies of intelligence have been instrumental in demonstrating that intelligence

A)is a single attribute.
B)is made up of three components.
C)consists of several attributes.
D)has two distinct components.

Question 41

A student who knows theoretical knowledge, but has lacked opportunity to put it into practice, is weak on Sternberg's ____ component of intellect.

A)contextual
B)experiential
C)HOME inventory
D)componential (information-processing)

Question 42

In Sternberg's triarchic theory, the componential (information-processing) component of intellect includes

A)knowledge, strategies, and metacognition.
B)responding to novelty, dishabituation, or automation.
C)shaping environments and adapting to situations.
D)studying and responding to the thoughts of pets.

Question 43

One major criticism of traditional psychometric definitions of intelligence is that they

A)are too focused on intellectual content; i.e., what an individual knows.
B)are too broad in focus and encompass too many abilities.
C)are too focused on processes; i.e., information-processing skills.
D)fail to include problem-solving ability.

Question 44

Cultural issues or cultural differences are especially important in Sternberg's ____ component of intellect.

A)information-processing (componential)
B)experiential
C)contextual
D)structure-of-intellect

Question 45

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligence includes the following four types of intelligence:

A)fluid, crystallized, experiential, and contextual.
B)word fluency, numerical reasoning, spatial ability, and inductive reasoning.
C)musical, spatial, linguistic, and intrapersonal.
D)general memory, visual perspective, retrieval ability, and processing speed.

Question 46

Hierarchical models, such as Carroll's, conceive of intelligence as

A)a global general ability factor.
B)essentially social in its nature.
C)a collection of many separate skills.
D)combining a general factor with many specific abilities.

Question 47

In Sternberg's triarchic theory, the person's efficiency at thinking reflects the ____ component.

A)test norms
B)experiential
C)contextual
D)componential (information-processing)

Question 48

The question asked by Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence is,

A)"What does the child know?"
B)"What is the child's genotype, and how is it expressed?"
C)"How does the child behave and process information?"
D)"With whom does the child, in most situations, interact in a socially positive and mutually supportive way?"

Question 49

In Sternberg's triarchic theory, the experiential component of intellect includes

A)recalling facts from long-term memory.
B)knowledge, strategies, and metacognition.
C)responding to novel tasks and the changes in efficiency that result from practice.
D)shaping environments and adapting to situations.

Question 50

Pablo has studied art history for five years and has become an expert. When he first began his studies, he knew nothing about art. In Cattell's theory, Pablo's current art knowledge illustrates

A)a high mental age.
B)fluid intelligence.
C)useless intelligence.
D)crystallized intelligence.

Question 51

In Sternberg's triarchic theory, an uneducated child who is "street smart" shows strength on the practical ____ component of intellect.

A)information-processing (componential)
B)contextual
C)experiential
D)Flynn effect

Question 52

In Sternberg's triarchic theory, a person's improved information processing with experience reflects ____ of experiential components.

A)dynamic assessment
B)the gradual decay
C)automation
D)compensatory intervention

Question 53

The person's familiarity with material from which intelligence items are derived reflects the ______ component.

A)experiential
B)componential (information-processing)
C)contextual
D)stereotype-threat

Question 54

There are ____ levels or strata in Carroll's hierarchical model of intellect.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 55

Which of these is NOT a component in Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

A)The genotypic component
B)The experiential component
C)The contextual component
D)The information-processing (componential) component

Question 56

Ross Well is from planet Omega-Z. Omegazoids are empaths who have the ability to infer humans' temperaments, emotions, or intentions. In Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, Ross will score high in ______ intelligence.

A)interpersonal
B)logical-mathematical
C)naturalist
D)linguistic

Question 57

An intelligence test is free from cultural bias when the items' ____ is equal for people of various cultures.

A)fluidity
B)familiarity
C)difficulty
D)triarchicality

Question 58

Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences identifies ____ types of intelligence.

A)four to six
B)seven to nine
C)10 to 12
D)64 to 81

Question 59

In his theory of multiple intelligences, Howard Gardner argued for their distinctiveness based on all these qualities EXCEPT

A)abilities tend to remain stable over long intervals.
B)brain injuries tend to affect particular intelligences.
C)abilities follow their own developmental timetables.
D)savants are strong in one ability but weak in others.

Question 60

In Sternberg's triarchic theory, the contextual component of intellect includes

A)shaping environments and adapting to situations.
B)perceiving paranormal information and putting it to use.
C)knowledge, strategies, and metacognition.
D)responding to novelty and dishabituation.

Question 61

Wechsler's IQ tests were better than the Stanford-Binet because the Wechsler scales

A)assessed both nonverbal and verbal scales.
B)were free from cultural test biases.
C)were based on Vygotsky's principles.
D)eliminated the danger of stereotype threat.

Question 62

One's many intelligences mature at different ages. This notion is a part of

A)the culture-bias principle.
B)Sternberg's triarchic theory.
C)Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
D)Binet's principle of mental age.

Question 63

Eight-year-old Sharpy has a Stanford-Binet mental age of 14, so Sharpy has an IQ of

A)175.
B)125.
C)100.
D)57.

Question 64

Homer's IQ was calculated with Lewis Terman's formula, and the result was below 100. This result indicates that

A)Homer's chronological age is below his mental age.
B)Homer's chronological age and mental age are the same.
C)Homer's mental age is below his chronological age.
D)the calculation of IQ was done inaccurately.

Question 65

David Wechsler objected to the Stanford-Binet IQ test's overemphasis on

A)language-based verbal skills.
B)multiple intelligences.
C)correct answers, when knowledge is known to be relative.
D)items based in Caucasians' history and cultural experiences.

Question 66

The Stanford-Binet term IQ means

A)interpositus quotidian.
B)ideologically quaint.
C)industrial quality.
D)intelligence quotient.

Question 67

The Americanized version of the Binet and Simon intelligence test is known as the

A)Marley Scale of Musical Intelligence.
B)Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale.
C)Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children.
D)Flynn Intelligence Test.

Question 68

Tiny is six years old, but on intelligence tests, he scores at the typical level of five-year-olds. Tiny's IQ

A)cannot be calculated.
B)is 83.
C)is 100.
D)is 120.

Question 69

Sensitivity to the meaning and sounds of words, and to the structure of language, represents which of Gardner's intelligences?

A)Linguistic
B)Spatial
C)Logical-mathematical
D)Intrapersonal

Question 70

Where CA represents chronological age and MA the mental age, the Stanford-Binet calculational formula for the child's IQ is

A)IQ = 100(CA) + MA.
B)IQ = (CA - MA)100
C)IQ = MA/CA ´ 100.
D)IQ = (father's IQ) + (mother's IQ)/2.

Question 71

Test norms for IQ tests

A)identify scores obtained by normal children.
B)are based on average scores and variations within large pretested samples for the age group.
C)are developed from a single child who takes the test.
D)can be determined even before the first child is tested.

Question 72

The average child who is performing at the middle of her age level will have an intelligence quotient of

A)75.
B)100.
C)500.
D)1,000.

Question 73

Critics of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences would argue that

A)skills are not mentalistic enough to be intelligences.
B)data must be collected to support the theory.
C)ancient scholars supported multiple intelligences.
D)Gardner is a racist because Caucasians earn high IQ scores.

Question 74

Modern intelligence tests base the child's score on

A)the raw percentage correct.
B)a comparison of mental age with the child's actual age.
C)the child's relative standing within his or her age group.
D)how the child does in comparison with ordinary adults.

Question 75

Numericia has mental retardation. Yet, she can multiply large numbers in her head better than others with higher general intelligence. Numericia

A)probably suppresses her own IQ to get special tutoring.
B)probably scored very high on the Bayley Scales.
C)suffers from a dietary deficiency for sucrose.
D)is a savant.

Question 76

According to Terman's IQ formula, a child with a mental age higher than her chronological age would have

A)trouble passing most of her school subjects.
B)an IQ below 100.
C)an IQ equal to 100.
D)an IQ above 100.

Question 77

Which of these is NOT among Gardner's multiple types of intelligences?

A)Logical-mathematical intelligence
B)Spatial intelligence
C)Political intelligence
D)Intrapersonal intelligence

Question 78

Kamoze says that his 10-year-old son took an IQ test that translated raw scores into deviation scores. Kamoze knows that his son's score was 110, but he doesn't know the score's meaning. Kamoze can be told that is son

A)was judged to be smart by 110 experts on the IQ panel.
B)got 110 answers right on the test.
C)scored at the mean for 10-year-olds.
D)did better than the mean for 10-year-olds.

Question 79

The concept of mental age in intelligence testing

A)is now calculated with separate norms for girls and boys.
B)has been integrated with the concept of mental stability.
C)has been replaced by the concept of chronological age.
D)has been replaced by a calculation of relative standing in norms for the child's age group.

Question 80

If theorist Howard Gardner were seen marching with an informational sign at a psychology conference, the sign would say,

A)"A single score says it all."
B)"You gotta be born with the right stuff."
C)"Work hard to earn success."
D)"Many scores for many smarts."