Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

Who coined the term "white-collar crime"?

A)Upton Sinclair
B)John D.Rockefeller
C)E.A.Ross
D)Edwin Sutherland

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The 1980s saw a dramatic increase in the incidence of white-collar crime.One of the reasons for the increase may have been:

A)support for collective welfare ideals.
B)increase in the quality of public schools.
C)government deregulation.
D)focus on non-material goals.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Difficulties in studying white-collar crime include all of the following except:

A)the complex nature of crime.
B)crime definition.
C)not enough data.
D)too many data from too many sources.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which is another term for a Ponzi scheme?

A)Reverse investment
B)Pyramid
C)Triangle
D)Upside-down

Question 5

________ of scams using spam mailings on the Internet are really Ponzi schemes.

A)40%
B)50%
C)60%
D)80%

Question 6

Barry Minkow regarded money generated from stock sales as:

A)a source of working capital to be used to buy new equipment.
B)money he could use to invest in other companies.
C)money he could use to pay some creditors without other creditors finding out.
D)a great source of revenue that did not have to be paid back.

Question 7

The Keystone and Oakwood bank frauds are particularly appalling because of:

A)the amount of money taken.
B)the ease with which outsiders were able to infiltrate the banks.
C)the effect on the national economy.
D)the identity of the victims.

Question 8

What decade saw renewed interest in the study of white-collar crime?

A)1950s
B)1960s
C)1970s
D)1980s

Question 9

Which of the following describes a theory that forces social scientists to reconsider accepted theories?

A)Debunking
B)Historical
C)Revised
D)Vacuum

Question 10

The 1990s could be dubbed as:

A)the "betrayal decade."
B)the "greed decade."
C)the "scam decade."
D)the "great decade."

Question 11

Which year brought the close of 500 different banks in the United States?

A)1913
B)1923
C)1933
D)1943

Question 12

The term "white-collar" is based on:

A)the types of victims.
B)occupations of the perpetrator.
C)offenders' association with religion.
D)its association with factories and tradesmen.

Question 13

White-collar crime of the 1990s included all of the following except:

A)the killing of a champion stallion for insurance money.
B)a biologist faking research findings.
C)the U.S.President being found guilty of perjury
D)the U.S.Treasurer being found guilty of tax evasion

Question 14

Which governor was convicted on charges of political corruption and was the fourth governor from the state of Illinois to be incarcerated since 1970?

A)Jesse Ventura
B)John Kasich
C)Rod Blagojevich
D)George Ryan

Question 15

Which of the following has not contributed to the initial examination of white-collar crime?

A)Exposure of monopolistic practices
B)Increasing power of corporations
C)Muckraking journalists
D)Agricultural society values

Question 16

Based on the 1907 book Sin and Society, which of the following refers to a pillar of society/paragon of virtue who in reality was interested only in personal gain using any means?

A)Atavist
B)Robber baron
C)Criminaloid
D)Elite deviant

Question 17

In his pioneering 1949 study, Sutherland used data relating to many industries from many different sources.This is referred to as ________ data.

A)longitudinal
B)cross-sectional
C)complex
D)qualitative

Question 18

A ponzi scheme attempts to cheat people by:

A)selling stocks in nonexistent companies to investors.
B)selling worthless real estate to investors.
C)paying original investors with money from new investors.
D)creating an investment scheme that targets the elderly.

Question 19

When was the term "white-collar crime" was first used?

A)1909
B)1939
C)1959
D)1989

Question 20

The First Equity fraud caught the public's attention for all of the following reasons except:

A)location of occurrence.
B)amount of money involved.
C)date of occurrence.
D)identity of perpetrators.

Question 21

Ponzi schemes are occurring less now than they ever have before.

Question 22

Charles Ponzi is one of the most influential white-collar criminals in American history.

Question 23

Which is an especially alarming characteristic of white-collar crime that, ironically, is also an explanation of low public interest in white-collar crime?

A)The small number of people actually victimized by white-collar crime
B)Excessive government regulation
C)Delay in harm
D)Cover-up by media

Question 24

Personal frauds cost American tax payers an estimated $40 billion annually.

Question 25

Victimization surveys have been used to gain more information about the prevalence of street crime for many years.

Question 26

Barry Minkow regarded money generated from stock sales as money he could use to invest in other companies.

Question 27

The consequences of corporate accounting fraud can be extremely expensive.

Question 28

The financial cost of street crime is what fraction of the cost of white-collar crime?

A)less than 1/10
B)over half
C)1/4
D)1/3

Question 29

The 1980s was dubbed the "betrayal decade."

Question 30

What two types of fraud did individuals identify as most prevalent in victimization surveys?

A)Overcharging for medical services and overcharging for drugs
B)Government untruths about use of tax money and Medicaid
C)False advertising and selling outdated foods
D)Prize scams and auto repairs

Question 31

Which major Wall Street investment firm "rigged" the U.S.Treasury bond market and received little backlash from the media and other outlets?

A)Salomon Brothers
B)Enron
C)Einstein Brothers
D)Madoff and Associates

Question 32

A theory that forces social scientists to reconsider accepted theories is a debunking theory.

Question 33

Many scams involving junk e-mail are for pyramid schemes.

Question 34

According to victimization surveys, approximately half of all respondents reported that they had been targets of an attempted or successful fraud.

Question 35

Edwin Sutherland coined the term "white-collar crime."

Question 36

Atavists enjoys a public image as pillars of the community and paragons of virtue.

Question 37

Industry-specific studies showed that although white-collar crime can occur in a variety of settings, it is concentrated in certain specific industries, such as:

A)securities, defense contractors, and savings and loans.
B)banking, the computer industry, and pharmaceuticals.
C)sports entertainment, the record industry, and gambling entertainment.
D)entertainment, banking, ranching, and farming.

Question 38

The public does not regard white-collar crime as a severe problem.Reasons for this include all of the following except:

A)consequences difficult to visualize.
B)the low cost of white-collar crime.
C)the complicated nature of the facts.
D)faceless victims and faceless villains.

Question 39

Sutherland's cross-sectional studies indicate that white-collar crime is relatively common among large corporations.

Question 40

The public suffers social and political harm in addition to financial harm.Loss of trust when the privileged wealthy few are punished less severely than others is what one social scientist refers to as:

A)culture cost.
B)hidden cost.
C)demoralization cost.
D)opportunity cost.

Question 41

Some costs of white-collar criminality ________________be measured in dollars and cents.

Question 42

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.A theory that forces social scientists to reconsider accepted theories
b.A scheme that attempts to cheat people by paying original investors with money from new investors
c.Coined the term "white-collar" crime
d.Used by Edwin Sutherland to study data relating to many industries from different sources
e.Loss of trust when the privileged wealthy few are punished less severely than others
f.Is based on the occupations of the perpetrator
g.Former treasurer of the United States imprisoned for tax fraud
h.A pillar of society/paragon of virtue who in reality was interested only in personal gain using any means
Catalina Vasquez Villalpando

Question 43

Victimization ________________ have recently started to collect data on white-collar crimes.

Question 44

Why were the 1980s thought of as the "greed decade"?

Question 45

Edwin ________________ defined white-collar crime as crimes committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his or her occupation.

Question 46

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.A theory that forces social scientists to reconsider accepted theories
b.A scheme that attempts to cheat people by paying original investors with money from new investors
c.Coined the term "white-collar" crime
d.Used by Edwin Sutherland to study data relating to many industries from different sources
e.Loss of trust when the privileged wealthy few are punished less severely than others
f.Is based on the occupations of the perpetrator
g.Former treasurer of the United States imprisoned for tax fraud
h.A pillar of society/paragon of virtue who in reality was interested only in personal gain using any means
Edwin Sutherland

Question 47

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.A theory that forces social scientists to reconsider accepted theories
b.A scheme that attempts to cheat people by paying original investors with money from new investors
c.Coined the term "white-collar" crime
d.Used by Edwin Sutherland to study data relating to many industries from different sources
e.Loss of trust when the privileged wealthy few are punished less severely than others
f.Is based on the occupations of the perpetrator
g.Former treasurer of the United States imprisoned for tax fraud
h.A pillar of society/paragon of virtue who in reality was interested only in personal gain using any means
Debunking theory

Question 48

Loss of trust when the privileged wealthy few are punished less severely than others is referred to as the opportunity cost.

Question 49

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.A theory that forces social scientists to reconsider accepted theories
b.A scheme that attempts to cheat people by paying original investors with money from new investors
c.Coined the term "white-collar" crime
d.Used by Edwin Sutherland to study data relating to many industries from different sources
e.Loss of trust when the privileged wealthy few are punished less severely than others
f.Is based on the occupations of the perpetrator
g.Former treasurer of the United States imprisoned for tax fraud
h.A pillar of society/paragon of virtue who in reality was interested only in personal gain using any means
Cross-sectional data

Question 50

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.A theory that forces social scientists to reconsider accepted theories
b.A scheme that attempts to cheat people by paying original investors with money from new investors
c.Coined the term "white-collar" crime
d.Used by Edwin Sutherland to study data relating to many industries from different sources
e.Loss of trust when the privileged wealthy few are punished less severely than others
f.Is based on the occupations of the perpetrator
g.Former treasurer of the United States imprisoned for tax fraud
h.A pillar of society/paragon of virtue who in reality was interested only in personal gain using any means
Demoralization cost

Question 51

The term "white-collar crime" was coined in ________________.

Question 52

During the Great Depression, the nation was rocked by a monetary crisis that eventually led to the ________________ of over 500 banks.

Question 53

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.A theory that forces social scientists to reconsider accepted theories
b.A scheme that attempts to cheat people by paying original investors with money from new investors
c.Coined the term "white-collar" crime
d.Used by Edwin Sutherland to study data relating to many industries from different sources
e.Loss of trust when the privileged wealthy few are punished less severely than others
f.Is based on the occupations of the perpetrator
g.Former treasurer of the United States imprisoned for tax fraud
h.A pillar of society/paragon of virtue who in reality was interested only in personal gain using any means
Ponzi scheme

Question 54

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.A theory that forces social scientists to reconsider accepted theories
b.A scheme that attempts to cheat people by paying original investors with money from new investors
c.Coined the term "white-collar" crime
d.Used by Edwin Sutherland to study data relating to many industries from different sources
e.Loss of trust when the privileged wealthy few are punished less severely than others
f.Is based on the occupations of the perpetrator
g.Former treasurer of the United States imprisoned for tax fraud
h.A pillar of society/paragon of virtue who in reality was interested only in personal gain using any means
White-collar crime

Question 55

________________ is another sign of the "betrayal decade."

Question 56

A Ponzi scheme is also known as a ________________ scheme.

Question 57

The government pays so little attention to white-collar crime because members of the ________________ do not express outrage over it as they do over street crime.

Question 58

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.A theory that forces social scientists to reconsider accepted theories
b.A scheme that attempts to cheat people by paying original investors with money from new investors
c.Coined the term "white-collar" crime
d.Used by Edwin Sutherland to study data relating to many industries from different sources
e.Loss of trust when the privileged wealthy few are punished less severely than others
f.Is based on the occupations of the perpetrator
g.Former treasurer of the United States imprisoned for tax fraud
h.A pillar of society/paragon of virtue who in reality was interested only in personal gain using any means
Criminaloid

Question 59

Americans tend to view white-collar crime as a problem, but not a particularly severe one.

Question 60

White-collar crime appeared to be on the upswing in the ________________.

Question 61

Evaluate Ponzi schemes.What is a Ponzi scheme? Discuss examples from the text that resulted in substantial losses.How do people become victims of Ponzi schemes?

Question 62

Explore the reasons why the government has been slow in collecting data on white-collar crime.

Question 63

Why is there is so much more public outcry over street crime compared to white-collar crime?

Question 64

Which industries tend to have a higher level of criminality than others? Discuss the reasons for this phenomenon.