Deck 3: Unsafe Products

Question 1

What percentage of the most dangerous problems that led to recalls of children's products were never voluntarily reported to the government?

A)75
B)25
C)60
D)50

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Despite inadequate testing, H.R.Robins marketed a product that caused death, birth defects, miscarriages, and blindness in infants. The product was:

A)intrauterine birth control device.
B)diaphragm.
C)birth control pills.
D)birth control patch.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Meat packing plants are inspected an average of once every _________ years.

A)2
B)10
C)5
D)7

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The Merrell drug company that tried to bring thalidomide to the United States also marketed a cholesterol inhibitor with serious side effects for 5,000 people. Two Merrell employees were fined $80,000 and the company made an $18 million profit. What had the company done wrong?

A)Substituted the results for a tested drug for an untested drug
B)Forged signatures on test reports
C)Failed to disclose that the drug caused blindness in lab animals
D)Testified that testing had been done when it had not

Question 5

Which of the following statements is false regarding saline implants?

A)There are risks, but not serious ones.
B)They have not received FDA safety approval.
C)They break open and cause repeated surgeries.
D)They are often removed after a few years.

Question 6

Tobacco companies have used specific marketing campaigns with flavored cigarettes, new packages, and posters at fast food restaurants to target which of the following groups?

A)Hispanics
B)African Americans
C)Women
D)Teenagers

Question 7

Tobacco companies have engaged in all of the following activities except:

A)spraying tobacco plants with additional nicotine.
B)hiding negative research on tobacco's harmful properties.
C)failing to investigate whether smoking cause heart disease and lung cancer.
D)denying that cigarettes were addictive.

Question 8

The company responsible for the Rely tampon used all of the tactics in marketing its product and in defending itself, except:

A)giving research grants to doctors to prevent them from testifying against the company.
B)acknowledging the connection between tampons and toxic shock but denying that Rely had that effect.
C)opposing the FDA on recall.
D)cross-examining the plaintiff about the deceased wife's sexual practices.

Question 9

Tobacco industry damage is a clear example of the _________ of white-collar crime.

A)postponed violence
B)obvious danger
C)hidden cost
D)public ignorance

Question 10

The Food and Drug Administration has cited evidence that nicotine is an addictive drug 5 to 10 times more potent than:

A)cocaine.
B)crack.
C)heroin.
D)marijuana.

Question 11

Corporate disregard for consumer safety has two elements:

A)profit motive and concern for overhead costs.
B)corporate officer salaries and cost of repairs.
C)resistance to safety devices and disregard for design defects.
D)consumer complaints and avoidance of lawsuits.

Question 12

In 1992, the FDA called a halt to a silicone breast enlargement. Scientists working for Dow Corning, the largest manufacturer of the implants, had concerns about leaks and ruptures for how long before silicone breast enlargement was stopped?

A)Since the 1970s
B)Since the 1960s
C)For five years
D)Since the 1980s

Question 13

A practice known as dumping involves:

A)disposal of hazardous materials in unapproved sites.
B)selling dangerous products in foreign countries after a domestic ban.
C)donating unsafe products to charities for a tax deduction.
D)selling products to discount outlets when defects are discovered.

Question 14

Michael M.Walton was given a six-year sentence for selling ________ when they were, in fact used, and in some cases damaged.

A)catheters
B)oxygen tanks
C)diabetic testing devices
D)pacemakers

Question 15

Plaintiffs have charged that silicone implants caused serious illness, autoimmune disorders, arthritis, and lupus. Dow Corning disclosed that it had faked quality control records for implants. The individuals responsible received the following criminal punishment:

A)5 years in prison
B)5 years' probation
C)6 months in prison
D)None

Question 16

Tobacco companies avoided paying damages for the negative health effects of tobacco for decades; eventually they agreed to pay billions to:

A)foreign governments.
B)state governments.
C)individuals in a class-action lawsuit.
D)the United States government.

Question 17

What drug with a history of psychotic effects was President George Bush taking when he vomited and fainted at a state dinner in Japan?

A)Librium
B)Nordal
C)Xanex
D)Halcion

Question 18

Fen-phen, Bendectin, and thalidomide were all approved by the FDA and prescribed to patients. Which one of these drugs is alleged to cause valvular heart disease?

A)Thalidomide
B)Bendectin and thalidomide
C)Bendectin
D)Fen-phen

Question 19

One of the best known companies in America marketed the Rely tampon, which ultimately killed 38 women and injured thousands of others. The name of the company was:

A)Johnson & Johnson.
B)Bayer.
C)Proctor & Gamble.
D)Dow Corning.

Question 20

Ford decided that repairs would not be cost effective, based on a comparison of total repair costs for all Pintos and:

A)statistical likelihood of plaintiffs winning lawsuits.
B)profit margin for the Pinto automobile.
C)total of Pinto projected sales.
D)total of average lawsuit settlements for serious burn injuries and burn deaths.

Question 21

Food has been regulated in the United States since the 19ᵗʰ Century.

Question 22

Quackery takes all of the following forms except:

A)drugs.
B)nutrition.
C)cosmetics.
D)devices.

Question 23

The population that is the primary target of quackery is:

A)teenagers.
B)the elderly.
C)the overweight.
D)minorities.

Question 24

Ford did not recall the Pinto because they decided that the average lawsuit settlements for serious burn injury and burn deaths would be cheaper.

Question 25

Quackery involves products that are:

A)dangerous.
B)worthless.
C)mislabeled.
D)misunderstood.

Question 26

Sport utility vehicles are most like to roll in an accident.

Question 27

Children are not a concern for those who work in the area of consumer safety.

Question 28

According to the World Health Organization, approximately what percent of all medications globally are counterfeit?

A)5%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 29

Tobacco companies have used specific marketing campaigns with flavored cigarettes to target women.

Question 30

Manufacturers withdrew the drug Bendectin because it caused birth defects in children of some mothers who took the drug.

Question 31

Quackery robs consumers of _________ per year.

A)$10 million
B)$25 billion
C)$10 billion
D)$2 billion

Question 32

Counterfeit medications in Africa can be found in:

A)district hospitals.
B)local vendors.
C)households.
D)all of the above

Question 33

According to Dudley LeBlanc, his product Hadacol, though not much good for others, was good for how much to him in one year?

A)$5.5 million
B)$15 million
C)$1.5 million
D)$1 million

Question 34

Quackery is most evil when it:

A)sells devices that are dangerous.
B)cheats people of their life savings.
C)permits unsafe doctors to practice medicine.
D)promises cures for incurable illness.

Question 35

Approximately what percent of medications are counterfeit in the United States?

A)1%
B)5%
C)10%
D)15%

Question 36

In response to disgusting conditions, the Wholesome Meat Act was passed in 1967, requiring that states must at least match federal inspection standards.

Question 37

Quackery not only refers to products but also to persons who:

A)promise nonexistent cures.
B)sell defective products.
C)lie about their qualifications.
D)are not trained to perform the medical services that they are hired to perform.

Question 38

According to the FDA, marijuana is more addictive than nicotine.

Question 39

The tobacco industry symbolizes the "postponed violence" of white-collar crime.

Question 40

The tobacco companies ended up paying billions of dollars to individuals in a class-action lawsuit.

Question 41

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.Term that refers to products that are worthless
b.The company that faked quality control records for silicone breast implants
c.FDA-approved drug that is alleged to cause valvular heart disease
d.Fake drugs that are sold under the pretense of being legitimate
e.A drug alleged to cause birth defects in children of mothers who took the drug
f.Author of The Jungle, which depicted practices in the meat packing industry
g.A highly addictive drug additive
h.The company that marketed the Rely tampon which killed 38 women
Nicotine

Question 42

For decades, ________________ has been recognized as the primary preventable cause of death in the United States.

Question 43

The most serious charge raised against the tobacco industry involves its covert campaigns to addict ________________to nicotine in order to create lifetime smokers.

Question 44

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.Term that refers to products that are worthless
b.The company that faked quality control records for silicone breast implants
c.FDA-approved drug that is alleged to cause valvular heart disease
d.Fake drugs that are sold under the pretense of being legitimate
e.A drug alleged to cause birth defects in children of mothers who took the drug
f.Author of The Jungle, which depicted practices in the meat packing industry
g.A highly addictive drug additive
h.The company that marketed the Rely tampon which killed 38 women
Fen-phen

Question 45

Sport utility vehicles need different equipment because they are more likely to ________________ in an accident.

Question 46

________________ refers to products that are worthless.

Question 47

In Africa, counterfeit medications cannot be found in hospitals.

Question 48

Chicken is considered especially ________________ because of its susceptibility to salmonella bacteria.

Question 49

Quackery refers both to medical products that are worthless and to persons who cannot deliver miraculous cures they promise.

Question 50

The deadliest flaw resulting in product recall involved recalling ________________.

Question 51

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.Term that refers to products that are worthless
b.The company that faked quality control records for silicone breast implants
c.FDA-approved drug that is alleged to cause valvular heart disease
d.Fake drugs that are sold under the pretense of being legitimate
e.A drug alleged to cause birth defects in children of mothers who took the drug
f.Author of The Jungle, which depicted practices in the meat packing industry
g.A highly addictive drug additive
h.The company that marketed the Rely tampon which killed 38 women
Upton Sinclair

Question 52

Saline-filled implants have replaced silicone implants; however they are not without serious risks.

Question 53

Three forms of quackery are drugs, nutrition, and ________________.

Question 54

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.Term that refers to products that are worthless
b.The company that faked quality control records for silicone breast implants
c.FDA-approved drug that is alleged to cause valvular heart disease
d.Fake drugs that are sold under the pretense of being legitimate
e.A drug alleged to cause birth defects in children of mothers who took the drug
f.Author of The Jungle, which depicted practices in the meat packing industry
g.A highly addictive drug additive
h.The company that marketed the Rely tampon which killed 38 women
Dow Corning

Question 55

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.Term that refers to products that are worthless
b.The company that faked quality control records for silicone breast implants
c.FDA-approved drug that is alleged to cause valvular heart disease
d.Fake drugs that are sold under the pretense of being legitimate
e.A drug alleged to cause birth defects in children of mothers who took the drug
f.Author of The Jungle, which depicted practices in the meat packing industry
g.A highly addictive drug additive
h.The company that marketed the Rely tampon which killed 38 women
Proctor & Gamble

Question 56

Placement of the gas tank in the rear of Ford ________________ resulted in fiery crashes and deaths.

Question 57

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.Term that refers to products that are worthless
b.The company that faked quality control records for silicone breast implants
c.FDA-approved drug that is alleged to cause valvular heart disease
d.Fake drugs that are sold under the pretense of being legitimate
e.A drug alleged to cause birth defects in children of mothers who took the drug
f.Author of The Jungle, which depicted practices in the meat packing industry
g.A highly addictive drug additive
h.The company that marketed the Rely tampon which killed 38 women
Bendectin

Question 58

President George Bush vomited and fainted at a state dinner in Japan due to taking the drug ________________.

Question 59

One grocery product for which consumers expect the utmost purity is ________________ food.

Question 60

Magnetic therapy became a trend in the early 19ᵗʰ Century.

Question 61

Discuss the apparent reluctance of auto manufacturers to put consumer safety issues ahead of profits. Discuss some of the automobile or automobile-related defect cases.

Question 62

Discuss the human and social costs of quackery.Why are people vulnerable to quackery? What groups of people are more susceptible to this type of fraud?

Question 63

Provide examples of products that are currently being marketed that you believe are examples of quackery.Why do you believe these products fit the definition? Could some stores or restaurants be accused of quackery tactics or selling quack products?

Question 64

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.Term that refers to products that are worthless
b.The company that faked quality control records for silicone breast implants
c.FDA-approved drug that is alleged to cause valvular heart disease
d.Fake drugs that are sold under the pretense of being legitimate
e.A drug alleged to cause birth defects in children of mothers who took the drug
f.Author of The Jungle, which depicted practices in the meat packing industry
g.A highly addictive drug additive
h.The company that marketed the Rely tampon which killed 38 women
Quackery

Question 65

Evaluate the marketing strategies of the tobacco industry. How do these strategies serve to attract and retain customers? What did the tobacco companies do that was so bad? How did the tobacco companies attempt to deal with the accusations of wrongdoing?

Question 66

Discuss the dangers of the drug Halcion.Provide specific examples.

Question 67

Evaluate Big Tobacco.Where is it today? Look at advertising and the rise or decline in tobacco use.Is there still litigation or legislation attempting to control tobacco use? Should consumers be able to sue for voluntary use of a substance?

Question 68

Match the key terns listed in Column 1 to the description in Column 2. Use each description only once.
a.Term that refers to products that are worthless
b.The company that faked quality control records for silicone breast implants
c.FDA-approved drug that is alleged to cause valvular heart disease
d.Fake drugs that are sold under the pretense of being legitimate
e.A drug alleged to cause birth defects in children of mothers who took the drug
f.Author of The Jungle, which depicted practices in the meat packing industry
g.A highly addictive drug additive
h.The company that marketed the Rely tampon which killed 38 women
Counterfeit medicine