Deck 1: Crime and Criminal Justice

Question 1

If, after conducting a preliminary investigation of the legal merits of a case, a prosecutor decides to take nofurther action, this is referred to as a charging warning.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The crime control perspective believes that too many suspects go free because of legal technicalities.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Cost-effectiveness is one of the unifying principles of evidence-based justice efforts.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Evidence-based programming does not have to consider intervening factors.

Question 5

The nonintervention perspective believes there is a stigma that locks people into a criminal way of life.

Question 6

Correctional officers have significant coercive power over offenders.

Question 7

The current criminal justice system is not responsible for protecting the country from international and domesticterrorists.

Question 8

Most cases that go to trial result in a conviction.

Question 9

An officer's initial contact with an individual is considered part of the informal criminal justice process.

Question 10

The level of government that collectively spends the most on justice expenditures are local agencies.

Question 11

The crime control perspective views the justice system as a means of caring for and treating people who cannotmanage themselves.

Question 12

The only professionals in the criminal justice system that should be concerned with ethical behavior are policeofficers.

Question 13

During the past decade, the crime control and equal justice perspectives have dominated in criminal justice.

Question 14

Less serious felonies make up the bottom layer of the criminal justice system wedding cake.

Question 15

The Miranda warnings must be read to all suspects arrested by law enforcement.

Question 16

Ethical behavior is particularly important in law enforcement because police officers have the authority to deprivepeople of their liberty, and use physical, and even deadly force.

Question 17

The equal justice perspective advocates that judges consider extralegal factors in sentencing.

Question 18

If a lawyer assists their client in engaging in illegal behavior, they are not subject to criminal charges because oftheir attorney-client privilege.

Question 19

The media tends to focus on Level IV cases of the wedding cake model of justice.

Question 20

Most criminal cases are processed through the entire formal justice system.

Question 21

Which statement is accurate concerning crime in a historical context in the United States

A)In a historical sense, crime peaked during Civil War times and has been diminishing since that era.
B)The Old West was the only area where gang activity flourished after the Civil War.
C)Crime and violence did not exist when the nation was first formed and are recent social problems.
D)Crime and violence have been common since the nation was first formed and are not recent social problems.

Question 22

In order to make an arrest for a felony, the police officer must have personally witnessed the crime beingcommitted.

Question 23

Which of the following is false about the grand jury

A)It was created in twelfth-century England.
B)Every state uses the grand jury system.
C)It is composed of between 12 and 23 persons.
D)It can protect citizens from false prosecution.

Question 24

When police want to interrogate or question a suspect, the officer must first advise the suspect of his/her rights.This is called a (n):

A)Information advisement.
B)Charging warning.
C)Miranda warning.
D)Questioning after advisement.

Question 25

The role of police officers involves primarily the first four stages of the formal criminal justice procedures. Inorder, what are these steps

A)Initial contact, investigation, arrest, custody
B)Initial contact, arrest, charging, custody
C)Initial contact, investigation, arrest, charging
D)Initial contact, arrest, investigation, charging

Question 26

According to the wedding cake model of justice, the typical penalty for Level IV cases is small.

Question 27

The crime rate was much higher 100 years ago than it is today.

Question 28

Which of the following is false regarding law enforcement personnel

A)There are over 2 million individuals employed by a law enforcement agency.
B)In law enforcement alone, the majority of the employees have general arrest powers.
C)State police agencies employ the least amount of officers nationwide.
D)Most police officers in the United States work for a local agency.

Question 29

Following formal procedure, which step comes first in the criminal justice process

A)Charging
B)Plea bargain
C)Post release
D)Preliminary hearing

Question 30

Which of the following is an extralegal factor

A)The age of the offender
B)The available evidence surrounding the offense
C)The suspect's prior record
D)The seriousness of the charge

Question 31

Because some individuals are so dangerous that they must be outlawed outright or regulated, the contemporarycriminal justice society uses the instrument known as:

A)Social Control.
B)Social Report.
C)Social Adjustment.
D)Social Media.

Question 32

Who sponsored the research in the 1950s that revealed that the criminal justice system was composed of agenciesthat could be connected in an intricate network of decision-making processes

A)American Bar Foundation project
B)President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice
C)Chicago Crime Commission
D)Wickersham Commission

Question 33

The criminal justice system is vast, employing more than 2.4 million people and costing federal, state, andlocal governments about per year, up more than 300% since 1982.

A)$100 million
B)$100 billion
C)$200 billion
D)$200 million

Question 34

What are the three main components into which the contemporary criminal justice system is generally divided

A)Law enforcement, the correctional system, and the legislature
B)Law enforcement, the courts, and the correctional system
C)Law enforcement, the courts, and the legislature
D)The courts, the correctional system, and the legislature

Question 35

Which of the following is false about corrections in the United States

A)Though crime has declined for most of the past decade, the correctional population continues to grow.
B)Approximately 1.5 million juveniles are handled in juvenile courts each year.
C)The federal correctional budget is larger than state governments' correctional budgets.
D)More than 7 million people are under some form of correctional supervision.

Question 36

The O.J. Simpson case would be considered a Level IV case in the wedding cake model of justice.

Question 37

Complex criminal conspiracies require cooperation of different criminal justice agencies.

Question 38

After an arrest, the suspect can be detained.

Question 39

The , created in 1919, was a professional association funded by private contributions, which wasintegral in getting agencies of justice to work together and getting the work of the criminal justice systemrecognized.

A)Wickersham Commission
B)American Bar Foundation Commission
C)Chicago Crime Commission
D)President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice

Question 40

The criminal justice process is slowed by congestion and limited resources.

Question 41

At what stage of the formal criminal justice process does the defendant enter a plea of guilty or not guilty

A)Arraignment
B)Criminal trial
C)Bail hearing
D)Preliminary hearing

Question 42

Between 1976 and 1999, 566 people were executed in the United States and 82 individuals awaiting executionwere exonerated. This is a ratio of 1 individual freed for every 7 individuals executed. Such serious errors in thecriminal justice system are of concern to advocates of the perspective.

A)Due process
B)Rehabilitation
C)Justice
D)Crime control

Question 43

Which justice perspective would advocate diversion programs or mediation programs for juvenile offenders

A)Rehabilitation
B)Due process
C)Equal justice
D)Crime control

Question 44

Advocates of which justice perspective would advocate for the decriminalization of marijuana

A)Rehabilitation
B)Nonintervention
C)Equal justice
D)Crime control

Question 45

Which justice perspective holds that the proper role of the justice system is to prevent crime through thejudicious use of criminal sanctions and demands an efficient system that hands out tough sanctions to those whoviolate the law

A)Crime control
B)Equal justice
C)Rehabilitation
D)Due process

Question 46

Which of the following is false regarding Herbert Packer's notion of the criminal justice process as anassemblyline

A)Criminal justice is seen as a screening process where each stage is a decision point.
B)Most people who commit a crime are punished for it.
C)The criminal justice system suffers from congestion.
D)Each of these decisions can have a critical impact on the defendant, the justice system, and society.

Question 47

Offenders at Level of the "wedding cake" model of criminal justice have typically committed aseriousoffense and will receive a prison term; however, they will not garner much media attention.

A)IV
B)I
C)II
D)III

Question 48

What percentage of incidents of sexual violence in prison involved staff-on-inmate sexualmisconduct

A)75%
B)10%
C)20%
D)40%

Question 49

If you believe in the concept of "just deserts," which justice perspective do you favor

A)Rehabilitation
B)Restorative justice
C)Equal justice
D)Due process

Question 50

Who is not a part of the courtroom work group

A)Judge
B)Defense attorney
C)Prosecutor
D)Bail bondsman

Question 51

Which of the following justice perspectives holds that the true purpose of the criminal justice system is to promotea peaceful and just society

A)Equal justice
B)Rehabilitation
C)Restorative justice
D)Nonintervention

Question 52

Which of the following crimes would be placed in the top layer (Layer I) of the criminal justice "wedding cake"

A)A first-time offender assaults a friend.
B)A burglary occurs at a local bar.
C)An individual is arrested for public drunkenness.
D)A noted celebrity is arrested for shooting her bodyguard.

Question 53

The perspective sees the justice system as a mechanism of caring for and treating people who cannotmanage themselves, and assumes that people are at the mercy of social, economic, and interpersonal conditions.

A)Equal justice
B)Crime control
C)Rehabilitation
D)Due process

Question 54

Which justice perspective views crime as a community-level problem

A)Rehabilitation
B)Restorative justice
C)Crime control
D)Equal justice

Question 55

In which century did police agencies begin to appear in the United States

A)seventeenth
B)eighteenth
C)nineteenth
D)sixteenth

Question 56

Truth-in-sentencing laws are an aspect of which justice system perspective

A)Rehabilitation
B)Crime control
C)Due process
D)Equal justice

Question 57

Which courtroom work group member experiences the ethical concern of having obligations to his/her client andthe profession

A)Defense attorney
B)Prosecutor
C)Bail bondsman
D)Judge

Question 58

Whichis considered the primary ethical concern of prosecutors

A)Discretion and morality
B)Handling both the aggravating and mitigating circumstances of the crime.
C)The adversarial system of justice in the United States.
D)Their dual role as representative of the people and officer of the court.

Question 59

If you were concerned about the potentially stigmatizing effect of community notification laws on sexualoffenders, you would be part of the perspective.

A)Restorative justice
B)Equal justice
C)Rehabilitation
D)Nonintervention

Question 60

Ethical issues surface in all parts of the justice system. Why are ethical standards so important in criminal justice

A)Agents of the criminal justice system have access to citizens' most personal information, raising concernsof privacy and confidentiality.
B)Justice system personnel may work in an environment where moral ambiguity is widespread.
C)Without ethical decision making, it is possible that individual civil rights and liberties would suffer.
D)Ethical standards are important in the justice system for all these reasons.

Question 61

The______________________ is the term used to describe the process through which large numbers of cases aresystematically filtered out of the formal criminal justice process.

Question 62

Which component of the criminal justice system has the largest budgets

A)Police
B)Judicial
C)Executive
D)Correctional

Question 63

The_________________ is a federal agency that provided technical assistance and hundreds of millionsof dollars in aid to state and local justice agencies between 1969 and 1982.

Question 64

Which of the following is society's instrument of social control

A)The Criminal Justice System
B)Families Institutions
C)The Educational System
D)Religious Institutions

Question 65

It currently costs federal, state, and local governments more than $___________ billion per year for civil andcriminal justice.

Question 66

The_________________ defines the law by determining what conduct is prohibited and establishescriminal penalties for those who violate the law.

Question 67

According to the criminal justice assembly line model, what is moved down the conveyor belt

A)Cases
B)Detectives
C)Laws
D)Statutes

Question 68

Which branch of government is responsible for the day-to-day operation of justice agencies

A)Correctional
B)Legislative
C)Judicial
D)Judicial

Question 69

Which branch of government oversees criminal justice practices and has the power to determine whetherexisting operations fall within the bounds of the U.S. Constitution

A)Executive
B)Legislative
C)Judicial
D)Correctional

Question 70

​A local police department is noticing that there is an increase in the number of serious felonies that arebeing committed. The department forms a task force to assess the extent of the problem. Officers from thedetective bureau, the vice squad, and the crime analysis division meet to discuss the problem and begininvestigating these crimes.
One of the officers on the task force expresses his frustration with the criminals who are committing these crimes.He believes that the police department needs to work aggressively to apprehend these offenders, and that societymust be protected from them through harsh punishment. What perspective is this officer promoting

A)Crime control
B)Due process
C)Nonintervention
D)Rehabilitation

Question 71

The_____________________is comprised of the prosecutor, defense attorney, judge, and other court personnelwho function to streamline the process of justice through the extensive use of plea bargaining and other trialalternatives.

Question 72

Which branch of government defines the law by determining what conduct is prohibited and establishes criminalpenalties for those who violate the law

A)Judicial
B)Correctional
C)Executive
D)Legislative

Question 73

Using evidence justice, what does the research say about school-based drug education programs

A)The track record of school-based drug education programs has proven to be highly effective.0
B)The track record of school-based drug education programs has proven to fail.
C)The track record of school-based drug education programs has proven to be spotty at best.
D)There has been no research on school-based drug education programs.

Question 74

Which branch of government interprets existing laws and determines whether they meet constitutionalrequirements

A)Correctional
B)Executive
C)Judicial
D)Legislative

Question 75

To what criminal punishment are people convicted of Level III crimes typically sentenced

A)Death penalty
B)Fines
C)Prison
D)Probation

Question 76

​A local police department is noticing that there is an increase in the number of serious felonies that arebeing committed. The department forms a task force to assess the extent of the problem. Officers from thedetective bureau, the vice squad, and the crime analysis division meet to discuss the problem and begininvestigating these crimes.
Another officer expresses that those committing these crimes are probably doing so as an expression offrustration and anger created by social inequality. In his view, what is needed

A)Crime control
B)Due process
C)Nonintervention
D)Rehabilitation

Question 77

When prosecutors decide to take no further action after conducting a preliminary investigation of the legalmatters of a case it is referred to as a (n) ____________________.

Question 78

​A local police department is noticing that there is an increase in the number of serious felonies that arebeing committed. The department forms a task force to assess the extent of the problem. Officers from thedetective bureau, the vice squad, and the crime analysis division meet to discuss the problem and begininvestigating these crimes.
After investigating the crimes for over amonth, the task force is able to execute ten arrest warrants.Eight of theoffenders are apprehended and arrested. Who is responsible for formally charging the suspects with a specificcriminal act

A)Bailiff
B)Defense attorney
C)Judge
D)Prosecutor

Question 79

To what can the criminal justice process be compared

A)Catapult
B)Funnel
C)Slingshot
D)Spiral

Question 80

​A local police department is noticing that there is an increase in the number of serious felonies that arebeing committed. The department forms a task force to assess the extent of the problem. Officers from thedetective bureau, the vice squad, and the crime analysis division meet to discuss the problem and begininvestigating these crimes.
The task force determines that the most common crimes being committed are robberies and burglaries inwhichthe typical amount stolen from each home is approximately $10,000. The officers realize that they aredealing with professionals. At which level on the criminal justice wedding cake do these crimes fall

A)Level I
B)Level II
C)Level III
D)Level IV