Deck 15: Juvenile Justice

Question 1

The ___________________________ established the a federal office on delinquency prevention and was enacted to identify the needs of youth and to fund programs aimed at deterring juvenile crime.

A)Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
B)Juvenile Justice Recognition Act of 1977
C)Delinquency Prevention and Rehabilitation Act of 1969
D)Youth Offender and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1979

Answer 1

A

Question 2

__________________ were a sixteenth-century English set of laws by which vagrants and abandoned and neglected children were bound to masters as indentured servants.

A)Chancery laws
B)Child-saver laws
C)Poor laws
D)Vagrant laws

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which is the Latin term meaning "father of his country," which is implied to mean that the government is the true guardian of the needy and infirmed children

A)Provisore cura
B)Pater inquilinis
C)Parens patriae
D)Phylaca claustra

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is not a Supreme Court case dealing with searching for drugs in association with students or school

A)Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County et al. v. Earls et al.
B)Unified School District v. Redding
C)Marshall Country Schools v. Gillingham
D)Vernonia School District No. 47 v. Acton

Question 5

When the first House of Refuge opened in New York the Society for the Prevention of Pauperism and the __________________ were influential in establishing such positive

A)Quakers
B)Amish
C)Mennonites
D)Southern Baptist

Question 6

In 1816, The Society for the Prevention of Pauperism was established to:

A)Provide counsel for youth at trial.
B)Provide indigent youth a family-like environment away from a life of crime.
C)Transport indigent youth to orphanages in England and Ireland.
D)Establish sanitary conditions in juvenile holding facilities and prisons.

Question 7

Which case held that the Fourth Amendment guarantee against unreasonable searches is not violated by drug testing all students who choose to participate in interscholastic athletics.

A)In re Gault
B)Vernonia School District v. Acton
C)Miller v. Alabama
D)Prominent Academy v. Hayes

Question 8

Which of the following cases ruled that the level of evidence for the finding of juvenile delinquency is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

A)In re Gault (1967)
B)In re Winship (1970)
C)Breed v. Jones (1975)
D)New Jersey v. Martin Township Correctional Facility (1977)

Question 9

The hearing in which a judge decides whether to waive a juvenile to criminal court is called a:

A)Transfer hearing.
B)Resettlement hearing.
C)Conveying hearing.
D)Judicial hearing.

Question 10

Which of the following is a type of waiver that, after a transfer hearing at which both prosecutor and defense attorney present evidence, a juvenile court judge may decide to waive jurisdiction and transfer the case to criminal court

A)Direct file waiver
B)Judicial waiver
C)Blended sentencing waiver
D)Transfer waiver

Question 11

According to the shifting philosophies of juvenile justice outlined in the text, the time from 1950 to 1970 recognized that:

A)Juveniles must be treated differently than adults.
B)A rising crime rate had mandated a get-tough approach on juvenile crime.
C)The rehabilitation model and the protective nature of the parens patriae had failed to prevent delinquency.
D)Drug courts were necessary for reducing the number of nonviolent juveniles sentenced to jail time.

Question 12

The first juvenile court was established in which state in 1899

A)Ohio
B)New York
C)Illinois
D)Virginia

Question 13

Civic leaders who focused their attention on the misdeeds of poor children to control their behavior were called:

A)Life savers
B)Child savers
C)Guardian investors
D)Delinquent stakeholders

Question 14

In the juvenile system, the initial appearance most likely resembles the which of the following in adult court

A)Grand jury
B)Arraignment
C)Preliminary hearing
D)Trial phase

Question 15

The Juvenile Court Act of 1899 set up an independent court to handle criminal law violations by children under 16 years of age as well as created:

A)A probation department to monitor youth.
B)Educational opportunities for wayward youth.
C)Juvenile magistrates to handle violent crimes.
D)Singular holding cells for children instead of being housed with adults.

Question 16

The case of the Kent v. United States (1966) ruled that:

A)Juveniles had the right to an attorney at a waiver hearing.
B)Juveniles must be housed in separate quarters from adult prisoners.
C)Juveniles must be given leniency with regard to their age for status offenses.
D)Education must be provided in juvenile facilities holding criminal youth.

Question 17

A practice in which the juvenile court relinquishes its jurisdiction over a juvenile and transfers the case to adult court is called:

A)Abdication.
B)Renunciation.
C)Adult disclaimer.
D)Waiver.

Question 18

In 1974, Congress passed the ______________________, which provides funds to states to bolster their services for maltreated children and their parents.

A)Juvenile Justice Reformation Act
B)Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
C)No Child Left Behind Act
D)Child Neglect and Maltreatment Act

Question 19

The landmark case of Schall v. Martin upheld the right of states to:

A)Detain a child before trial for his or her protection or public safety.
B)Remove abusive parents from delinquent youths' homes.
C)Waive juveniles to adult court for violent offenses.
D)Waive children as young as 16 years to adult court for certain offenses.

Question 20

The temporary care of a child alleged to be a delinquent or status offender who requires secure custody, pending a court disposition is called:

A)Detention.
B)Custodial holding.
C)Juvenile confinement.
D)Juvenile holding.

Question 21

CASE 15.3
A 16-year-old female is arrested for the third time in a two-year period for possession of drugs, curfew violations, and obstruction of justice for lying to police. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Because she threatened to kill herself after her third arrest, the court ruled that which temporary care of a delinquent who may harm herself be given

A)Custodial care
B)Detention
C)Reformatory housing
D)Civil abatement

Question 22

CASE 15.1
Aubrey Jamison, a 17-year-old student, is arrested for possession of marijuana in her high school after an anonymous tip led the principal and guidance counselor to search her locker and the belongings therein. A small about of the narcotic and three prescription-strength oxycodone pills were found in her purse. Given this information, answer the following questions.
If upon finding the prescription drugs, the principal and guidance counsel conducted a strip search on Ms. Jamison, the Court would rule that:

A)This was legal based on New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985).
B)This was a violation of Ms. Jamison's Sixth Amendment right to due process.
C)This was a violation of Ms. Jamison's Fourth Amendment right to unreasonable search and seizure.
D)This was legal under the Eighth Amendment.

Question 23

CASE 15.2
Keith Reed, a 15-year-old white male with no prior arrests is brought in for questioning for larceny of several hundred dollars worth of computer parts from a warehouse in downtown Cincinnati. Using this information, walk Mr. Reed through the juvenile court system.
If the case was moved to adult court because of the nature of the crime, resulting in a felony based on the worth of the property stolen, but the judge later finds that the juvenile would be better served in the juvenile system, this would be an example of a(n):

A)Direct file waiver.
B)Adjunct waiver.
C)Reverse waiver.
D)Converse waiver.

Question 24

CASE 15.1
Aubrey Jamison, a 17-year-old student, is arrested for possession of marijuana in her high school after an anonymous tip led the principal and guidance counselor to search her locker and the belongings therein. A small about of the narcotic and three prescription-strength oxycodone pills were found in her purse. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Aubrey's parents sued the school district, stating that the search was unconstitutional and that without a valid warrant the search should not have been allowed. Based on Supreme Court rulings:

A)The Jamisons would lose based on New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985).
B)The Jamisons would lose based on Tennant v. Wilksbury School District (1999).
C)The Jamisons would win based on the fact the principal is not allowed to search a student's locker and possessions because of his or her position of power.
D)The Jamisons would win based on Terry v. Bradshaw (1978).

Question 25

Which of the following is not a consideration with regard to whether or not a juvenile apprehended in the act of committing a crime is referred to juvenile court

A)Offense seriousness
B)The child's past contacts with the police
C)Cooperation
D)Probable cause.

Question 26

CASE 15.2
Keith Reed, a 15-year-old white male with no prior arrests is brought in for questioning for larceny of several hundred dollars worth of computer parts from a warehouse in downtown Cincinnati. Using this information, walk Mr. Reed through the juvenile court system.
If the decision was to leave the juvenile in the adult criminal courts; the decision of the judge to place the offender in a correctional facility would be called:

A)Placement.
B)Commitment.
C)Charging.
D)Disposition.

Question 27

Which landmark U.S. Supreme Court case held that juveniles have the same right to due process at trial as adults

A)Kent v. United States (1966)
B)Breed v. Jones (1975)
C)Fare v. Michael C (1979)
D)In re Gault (1967)

Question 28

CASE 15.2
Keith Reed, a 15-year-old white male with no prior arrests is brought in for questioning for larceny of several hundred dollars worth of computer parts from a warehouse in downtown Cincinnati. Using this information, walk Mr. Reed through the juvenile court system.
Given the nature of the case, the decision whether to file charges in criminal court and waive the juvenile is placed in the hands of the prosecutor. This is called:

A)Direct file waiver.
B)Prosecutorial waiver.
C)Adjunct waiver.
D)Reverse waiver.

Question 29

Under which of the following type of waiver is a case against a juvenile that is heard in an adult court sent back to juvenile court because the judge believes the juvenile court could offer better service to the defendant.

A)Judicial waiver
B)Reverse waiver
C)Direct file
D)Excluded offense

Question 30

For juvenile offenders, the ____________________ is equivalent to the sentencing phase in an adult criminal case.

A)Preliminary hearing
B)Initial appearance
C)Disposition
D)Rendering

Question 31

Which Amendment prohibits the death penalty for persons under the age of 18 years

A)Fourth
B)Fifth
C)Eighth
D)Eighteenth

Question 32

A balanced, highly structured, comprehensive continuum of intervention for serious and violent juvenile offenders returning to the community is known as a(n):

A)Intensive aftercare program.
B)Intensive juvenile probation supervision.
C)Jasper Aftercare Program.
D)Deinstitutionalization programs.

Question 33

Under which of the following type of waiver does the prosecutor have the discretion of filing separate charges for certain legislatively designated offenses in either juvenile or criminal court

A)Judicial waiver
B)Reverse waiver
C)Direct filec
D)Excluded offense

Question 34

Which of the following involves treating offenders who would normally have been sent to a secure treatment facility as part of a very small probation caseload that receives almost daily scrutiny

A)Juvenile intensive probation supervision
B)Juvenile treatment plans
C)Intensive juvenile dispositions
D)Juvenile parole

Question 35

Which landmark U.S. Supreme Court case extended Miranda Warning protection to juveniles

A)Kent v. United States (1966)
B)Breed v. Jones (1975)
C)Fare v. Michael C (1979)
D)In re Gault (1967)

Question 36

CASE 15.1
Aubrey Jamison, a 17-year-old student, is arrested for possession of marijuana in her high school after an anonymous tip led the principal and guidance counselor to search her locker and the belongings therein. A small about of the narcotic and three prescription-strength oxycodone pills were found in her purse. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Given that this was Ms. Jamison's first offense and that she is a model student, it is likely the judge will focus on providing her treatment in a court for substance abusers known as a:

A)Drug court.
B)Narcotics court.
C)Medicinal court.
D)Treatment court.

Question 37

CASE 15.3
A 16-year-old female is arrested for the third time in a two-year period for possession of drugs, curfew violations, and obstruction of justice for lying to police. Given this information, answer the following questions.
The commonly used formal sanction for juveniles is probation; however, in this case an alternative correctional practice was implemented that uses daily supervision by an assigned probation officer and may include other restrictions and penalties that may be more useful. This practice is called:

A)Intensive probation supervision.
B)Rigorous supervision.
C)Arduous probation and supervision.
D)Juvenile adjudication.

Question 38

CASE 15.2
Keith Reed, a 15-year-old white male with no prior arrests is brought in for questioning for larceny of several hundred dollars worth of computer parts from a warehouse in downtown Cincinnati. Using this information, walk Mr. Reed through the juvenile court system.
After questions, Mr. Reed was arrested. He was released to his parents as he was not deemed a threat risk. If he was deemed a risk to himself or to the community he would have been:

A)Given psychiatric counseling before the system would move forward.
B)Detained.
C)Waived to adult court.
D)Released on bail.

Question 39

CASE 15.3
A 16-year-old female is arrested for the third time in a two-year period for possession of drugs, curfew violations, and obstruction of justice for lying to police. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Because of a rise in gang-related crime in the juvenile's neighborhood and school district, the city will begin using what program used in all 50 states to combat juvenile criminal violence

A)G.R.E.A.T.
B)D.A.R.E.
C)D.A.R.T.
D)T.E.C.

Question 40

The decision of a judge who orders an adjudicated and sentenced juvenile offender to be placed in a correctional facility.

A)commitment
B)condemnation
C)decree
D)adjudication verdict

Question 41

The first recognized juvenile court was established in Illinois in 1899.

Question 42

The teen court movement is one of the fastest-growing delinquency intervention programs in the country.

Question 43

The Quakers were influential in rehabilitation methods for children as early as the 1800s.

Question 44

Truancy is not considered a status offense because school violations fall under a different law code.

Question 45

CASE 15.3
A 16-year-old female is arrested for the third time in a two-year period for possession of drugs, curfew violations, and obstruction of justice for lying to police. Given this information, answer the following questions.
At her juvenile sentencing or _________________, the female was given one year in juvenile detention with mandatory drug counseling and anger management.

A)Disposition
B)Decree hearing
C)Initial appearance
D)Waiver hearing

Question 46

In early juvenile courts, youth were encouraged to admit their guilt in open court, which is a violation of the Fourth Amendment.

Question 47

Although heralded as a great liberal reform, modern scholars have come to view the creation of early juvenile courts as merely a continuation of the struggle between the rich and the poor.

Question 48

Since passage in 1974, all 50 states now participate in some aspect with the deinstitutionalization mandate.

Question 49

There are still over twenty states that do not mandate a minimum age beneath which a juvenile cannot be transferred to adult court.

Question 50

The most commonly used formal sanction for juveniles is incarceration.

Question 51

Poor laws were sixteenth-century English laws under which vagrants and abandoned children were bound to masters as indentured servants.

Question 52

The main idea of the Children's Aid Society was to place children in rural homes, mostly farms, to remove these wayward youth from the harsh environment of city living.

Question 53

Federal courts have not found it necessary to rule on the issue of a juvenile's right to bail.

Question 54

The New York House of Refuge was one of the first child-saving programs and was first opened in 1825.

Question 55

Detention can be used only for violent crimes and is not permissible for status offenses.

Question 56

The Supreme Court has ruled that life sentences without the opportunity for parole cannot be given to juveniles.

Question 57

Miranda laws do not apply to juveniles under the age of 18 years.

Question 58

The prosecutor has the final say in a direct-file waiver claim.

Question 59

Once taken into custody, a child has the same Fourth Amendment Rights as an adult.

Question 60

Boston, Massachusetts, was the first to establish a juvenile court in 1888 after two high-profile juvenile murder cases.

Question 61

The removal of as many youths from secure confinement as possible, which was set forth by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Act of 1974, is known as __________________.

Question 62

Research shows that police use the same interrogation tactics on juveniles that they do on adults.

Question 63

A juvenile's first appearance before a juvenile judge is called the _________________.

Question 64

The hearing in which a judge decides to waive a juvenile to adult court is called a ____________________.

Question 65

____________________ programs, are balanced, highly structured, comprehensive continuums of intervention for serious and violent juvenile offenders returning to the community.

Question 66

The genesis of the modern practice of separating juvenile and adult offenders can be traced back to poor laws and _____________________ courts.

Question 67

The landmark U.S. Supreme Court case of ___________________________ held that school officials could search a student without violating Fourth Amendment protections if the student committed an offense in violation of the school rules.

Question 68

Courts whose main focus is providing treatment for youths accused of substance abuse crimes are called____________________.

Question 69

In early juvenile courts, the standard of proof required to secure a conviction was lowered from "beyond a reasonable doubt" to _____________________

Question 70

Most juveniles found "delinquent" in the early juvenile courts were sent to adult prison.

Question 71

The act of truancy is considered a(n) ______________ offense.

Question 72

Civil leaders known as the ___________________ focused on the misdeeds of poor children to control their behavior in the 1800s.

Question 73

A primary goal of Charles Loring Brace's __________________________ was the relocation of troubled inner city youths to more rural parts of the country to work on farms.

Question 74

Recent empirical research has shown that police are more likely to arrest juveniles based on their attitudes.

Question 75

The Latin term, meaning "father of his country," that refers to the power of the state to act on behalf of those children who cannot is called ______________________.

Question 76

The temporary care of a juvenile who may be a danger to himself or herself or to the community is known as ______________________.

Question 77

The U.S. Supreme court has repeatedly upheld the drug testing of student athletes.

Question 78

Over half of the referrals to juvenile court never proceed beyond the intake stage.

Question 79

Laws regarding waivers that either provide juvenile courts with criminal sentencing options or allow criminal courts to impose juvenile dispositions are called ___________________________.

Question 80

The Federal courts have not found it necessary to rule on the issue of _______________ for juveniles because liberal statutory release provisions act as alternatives.