Deck 5: The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure

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Question
Which of the following is a solid structure

A)lacuna
B)medullary cavity
C)trabecula
D)central canal
E)canaliculus
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Question
Mature bone cells that monitor the matrix are

A)osteocytes.
B)chondrocytes.
C)osteoblasts.
D)osteoclasts.
E)osteoplasts.
Question
Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony spines called

A)trabeculae.
B)osteons.
C)lamellae.
D)canaliculi.
E)perforating canals.
Question
The epiphyseal cartilage connects to the diaphysis by a narrow zone called the

A)medulla.
B)lacuna.
C)metaphysis.
D)periosteum.
E)endosteum.
Question
Which of the following describes a central canal

A)contains an artery
B)contains a vein
C)runs parallel to osteons
D)contains a nerve
E)All of the answers are correct.
Question
The skeletal system participates in

A)maintaining blood calcium levels.
B)absorbing the shock of unexpected rapid body movements.
C)facilitating transmission of nerve impulses.
D)cushioning abdominal organs such as the kidneys.
E)All of the answers are correct.
Question
Which type of cell divides readily after a bone is damaged

A)osteocyte
B)osteoprogenitor cell
C)red marrow cell
D)osteoclast
E)osteoblast
Question
Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following

A)neural tissue
B)muscle tissue
C)connective tissue
D)epithelial tissue
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
In osseous tissue, which of the following is able to break down bone

A)nerves
B)capillaries
C)osteons
D)osteocytes
E)osteoclasts
Question
A bone cell that produces new bone matrix is

A)stimulated by activity of the thyroid gland.
B)an osteoclast.
C)an osteoblast.
D)an osteocyte.
E)located in a lacuna.
Question
Perforating canals (canals of Volkmann)

A)are arranged parallel to the surface of the bone.
B)are always associated with osteons in spongy bone.
C)transmit blood vessels to osteons deep inside the bone.
D)occur in growing juvenile bone, but are obliterated in adult bone.
E)All of the answers are correct.
Question
In addition to osseous tissue, a typical bone contains

A)other connective tissues.
B)smooth muscle tissues (in blood vessel walls).
C)neural tissues.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
The function of an osteoprogenitor cell in osseous tissue is

A)to produce new bone matrix.
B)to break down old bone matrix and release calcium salts.
C)to produce new perichondrium for endochondral bone to displace.
D)to produce new osteoblasts.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
Which of the following is produced within red bone marrow

A)blood cells
B)adipose tissue
C)calcium
D)protein
E)All of the answers are correct.
Question
The two types of osseous tissue are

A)Haversian and lamellar bone.
B)spongy and compact bone.
C)trabecular and osteoclastic bone.
D)spicular and trabecular bone.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
Layers of bone that go all the way around a bone are referred to as

A)concentric lamellae.
B)interstitial lamellae.
C)circumferential lamellae.
D)radial lamellae.
E)longitudinal lamellae.
Question
Which is a major function of the skeletal system

A)support of the body
B)storage of glucose
C)production of ATP
D)maintenance of interstitial fluid composition
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
Organic components of the matrix of bone include

A)calcium phosphate.
B)collagen fibers.
C)calcium carbonate.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
The connective tissue covering the inner surface of a bone is (the)

A)matrix.
B)osteon.
C)periosteum.
D)endosteum.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
In the skeletal system, compact bone is located

A)where bones are most heavily stressed.
B)where stresses arrive from many directions.
C)in the epiphyses of the long bones.
D)in direct contact with articular cartilages.
E)All of the answers are correct.
Question
What is the fate of the chondrocytes that are present where bone is forming

A)They move to a different region where bone has not yet formed.
B)They die and are replaced by bone cells.
C)They remain within the bone matrix.
D)They line the central canals of the growing bone.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
Bones have a vascular supply that is

A)very extensive, including many arteries and veins branching throughout the bone.
B)very poor; bones are not living, so blood is not needed.
C)supplied simply by one or two arteries.
D)poor, therefore healing is very limited.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
The endosteum is best described as

A)a tissue that is active during the growth or repair of bone.
B)the cellular lining of the marrow cavity and central canals.
C)an epithelial layer that covers the trabeculae of spongy bone.
D)an incomplete epithelium that sometimes leaves matrix exposed.
E)All of the answers are correct.
Question
Ossification of flat bones is called

A)synovial.
B)intramembranous.
C)intrachondral.
D)symphyseal.
E)endochondral.
Question
What is the mechanism of marrow cavity enlargement in a long bone

A)There is no mechanism; once formed, the marrow cavity does not change in size.
B)As bone matrix is added to the external surface, osteoclasts remove matrix in the center of the bone to enlarge the cavity.
C)Blood vessels entering the marrow cavity enlarge it by eroding away the inner surface of the bone.
D)The bone marrow cavity only increases in length, as the epiphyseal plates move apart.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
The deposit of calcium salts within a tissue is

A)calcification.
B)ossification.
C)osteogenesis.
D)hardening.
E)osteolysis.
Question
Which of the following occurs during endochondral ossification

A)Osteoblasts differentiate within a mesenchymal or fibrous connective tissue.
B)Osteoblasts secrete the organic component of the matrix.
C)Blood vessels enter the spaces between bone spicules to supply the growing tissues.
D)The bone grows in length.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
How does an epiphysis contribute to the growth and function of a long bone

A)It permits more additional bone to be formed than would occur without it.
B)It allows growth at the metaphysis while retaining the shape of the articular surface.
C)It allows the bone to replace the cartilage at the metaphysis more rapidly.
D)It permits bones of different densities to occur in close proximity.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
Which of the following is (are)true of the growth of the skeleton

A)It begins to ossify at six weeks of gestational age.
B)All bone formation ceases immediately after the end of adolescence.
C)Calcification of bones does not occur until an infant begins to learn to walk.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
A long bone increases in length until

A)appositional growth starts.
B)the body runs out of calcium.
C)the epiphyseal cartilage becomes ossified.
D)expansion of the secondary ossification centers ends.
E)death; bones grow as long as we are alive.
Question
The periosteum

A)covers the outside of bones.
B)covers articular cartilage.
C)can form chondrocytes to assist in enlarging cartilages associated with the bones.
D)lines the medullary cavity.
E)is vital in blood cell formation.
Question
Which of the following describes how bones are innervated

A)Bones are not innervated.
B)Only the periosteum is innervated.
C)The periosteum and endosteum are innervated by sensory nerves.
D)Only the endosteum, marrow cavity, and epiphyses are innervated.
E)The periosteum, endosteum, medullary cavity, and epiphyses are innervated by sensory nerves.
Question
If a long bone found at an archeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate

A)The person was a male.
B)The person was prepubertal.
C)The person had many injuries.
D)The person was elderly.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
Endochondral ossification begins with

A)hyaline cartilage.
B)elastic cartilage.
C)fibrocartilage.
D)articular cartilage.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
The first location of long bone formation begins in an area called (the)

A)trabecula.
B)spicule.
C)Haversian system.
D)primary ossification center.
E)secondary ossification center.
Question
Which of the following works with calcitrol to maintain bone homeostasis

A)growth hormone
B)parathyroid hormone
C)calcitonin
D)calcitriol
E)thyroid hormone
Question
Increased levels of calcium in the blood in a pregnant woman would stimulate the secretion of

A)calcitonin.
B)calcitriol.
C)parathyroid hormone.
D)thyroid hormone.
E)growth hormone.
Question
Which of the following is required to produce calcitrol in the kidneys

A)calcium
B)vitamin A
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin D
E)sodium
Question
During endochondral bone formation,

A)the matrix of the cartilage model becomes calcified.
B)cells of the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts.
C)capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into the heart of the cartilage.
D)osteoclasts erode the center of the new bone to form a marrow cavity.
E)All of the answers are correct.
Question
How do hormones regulate the pattern of bone growth

A)They don't; hormones are not involved in bone growth processes.
B)They change the rates of osteoblast and osteoclast activity.
C)They control the rate of movement of the epiphyseal line.
D)They regulate the deposition of calcium and phosphate salts in the bone matrix.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
The scapula is an example of what type of bone

A)long
B)flat
C)irregular
D)short
E)sutural
Question
A fracture of a bone that is the result of a twisting of the bone is called a(n)

A)Pott's fracture.
B)comminuted fracture.
C)greenstick fracture.
D)spiral fracture.
E)compression fracture.
Question
Treating a compound fracture differs from other fractures most significantly due to

A)risk of infection.
B)vascular damage.
C)compound fractures' severity.
D)potential nerve damage.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
A great example of a pneumatized bone is the

A)parietal bone.
B)mandible.
C)femur.
D)vertebra.
E)ethmoid bone.
Question
During track and field practice one of the runners trips over a hurdle and falls forward. Fortunately, they are able to break their fall with their hands. However, they stand up holding their wrist in pain. What type of fracture might they have sustained

A)compound fracture
B)Colles' fracture
C)greenstick fracture
D)displaced fracture
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
Which of the following is an example of a sesamoid bone

A)humerus
B)carpal bone
C)occipital bone
D)patella
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
The best way to delay skeletal aging is to

A)exercise.
B)take hormone supplements.
C)have cosmetic surgery.
D)diet.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
Processes that form where tendons or ligaments attach to a bone include

A)condyles and trochleae.
B)fossae, sulci, and foramina.
C)rami and heads.
D)trochanters, tuberosities, and tubercles.
E)All of the answers are correct.
Question
Which of the following is most likely to have a nerve pass through it

A)fossa
B)process
C)foramen
D)condyle
E)All of the answers are correct.
Question
The period of time when bone remodeling is most likely is

A)after injury.
B)during aging.
C)during youth.
D)during embryologic development.
E)never.
Question
Bone remodeling occurs in

A)spongy bone.
B)compact bone.
C)all bone types equally at all times.
D)all bone types based on need.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
Which of the following is best for viewing bones

A)MRI
B)X-rays
C)CAT
D)ultrasound
E)PET
Question
A break in a bone is called

A)a rupture.
B)a defect.
C)a fracture.
D)an osteon.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
Which of the following is a classification of bone

A)long
B)round
C)square
D)triangular
E)indefinite
Question
A depression or concavity on the surface of a bone is called a

A)tuberosity.
B)trochanter.
C)fossa.
D)foramen.
E)tubercle.
Question
Extra bones that develop between the usual bones of the skull are called

A)sesamoid bones.
B)sutural bones.
C)flat bones.
D)endochondral bones.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Question
Bone structure is determined by which of the following

A)hormones
B)mechanical stress
C)muscle attachments
D)diet
E)All of the answers are correct.
Question
Which of the following type of fracture produces new and abnormal bone arrangements

A)transverse fracture
B)compression fracture
C)spiral fracture
D)comminuted fracture
E)displaced fracture
Question
Which of the following statements characterizes bones and bone tissue

A)It can undergo remodeling during life.
B)It may have both compact and spongy regions.
C)It can be changed by hormonal stimuli.
D)It contains openings for nutrient blood vessels.
E)All of the answers are correct.
Question
The degenerative effects of osteoporosis are most likely to affect

A)older women.
B)older men.
C)young, active women.
D)young, active men.
E)children.
Question
Blood vessels that supply the ends of long bones are called ________ vessels.
Question
The deposition of ________ salts around the protein fibers of the matrix makes a bone both solid and sturdy.
Question
Trabeculae are struts or plates within ________ that assist in withstanding stresses in a specific direction.
Question
Differences in body size and proportions between males and females result from the different effects of male and female ________, which affect the growth of the bones.
Question
The yellow marrow that fills the medullary cavities of many bones stores ________.
Question
Because they resist stretch, the ________ fibers provide the tensile strength of bone.
Question
The vessels supplying blood to the inner (diaphyseal)surface of each epiphyseal plate, where bone is replacing cartilage, are called ________ vessels.
Question
Because bones are adaptable, their shapes reflect the ________ applied to them.
Question
The addition of ________ to a tissue causing it to harden is referred to as calcification.
Question
The production of new bone is called ________.
Question
The constant recycling of bone is called bone ________.
Question
In general, a large rough projection is called a(n)________.
Question
Because they are strong and relatively inflexible, calcium phosphate crystals enable bone to withstand the stress of ________.
Question
The active form of vitamin D, which is synthesized in the kidney and plays an important role in normal calcium metabolism, is ________.
Question
An individual with otherwise normal features, but having very short limbs, may have a condition known as ________, in which epiphyseal cartilage does not grow.
Question
The outer surfaces and walls of bones are composed of ________ bone.
Question
A toughened layer of connective tissue that encircles and stabilizes a bone at a fracture site is called a(n)________.
Question
A(n)________ is a bridgework of trabecular bone that unites the broken ends of a bone on the marrow side of a fracture.
Question
As a long bone develops, the point where osteoblasts first replace calcified cartilage with spongy bone becomes the ________ center, from which further development proceeds.
Question
The force of tension applied to a bone is counteracted by the presence of many ________ fibers.
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Deck 5: The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure
1
Which of the following is a solid structure

A)lacuna
B)medullary cavity
C)trabecula
D)central canal
E)canaliculus
C
2
Mature bone cells that monitor the matrix are

A)osteocytes.
B)chondrocytes.
C)osteoblasts.
D)osteoclasts.
E)osteoplasts.
A
3
Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony spines called

A)trabeculae.
B)osteons.
C)lamellae.
D)canaliculi.
E)perforating canals.
A
4
The epiphyseal cartilage connects to the diaphysis by a narrow zone called the

A)medulla.
B)lacuna.
C)metaphysis.
D)periosteum.
E)endosteum.
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k this deck
5
Which of the following describes a central canal

A)contains an artery
B)contains a vein
C)runs parallel to osteons
D)contains a nerve
E)All of the answers are correct.
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6
The skeletal system participates in

A)maintaining blood calcium levels.
B)absorbing the shock of unexpected rapid body movements.
C)facilitating transmission of nerve impulses.
D)cushioning abdominal organs such as the kidneys.
E)All of the answers are correct.
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Unlock for access to all 194 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
7
Which type of cell divides readily after a bone is damaged

A)osteocyte
B)osteoprogenitor cell
C)red marrow cell
D)osteoclast
E)osteoblast
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8
Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following

A)neural tissue
B)muscle tissue
C)connective tissue
D)epithelial tissue
E)None of the answers are correct.
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9
In osseous tissue, which of the following is able to break down bone

A)nerves
B)capillaries
C)osteons
D)osteocytes
E)osteoclasts
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10
A bone cell that produces new bone matrix is

A)stimulated by activity of the thyroid gland.
B)an osteoclast.
C)an osteoblast.
D)an osteocyte.
E)located in a lacuna.
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11
Perforating canals (canals of Volkmann)

A)are arranged parallel to the surface of the bone.
B)are always associated with osteons in spongy bone.
C)transmit blood vessels to osteons deep inside the bone.
D)occur in growing juvenile bone, but are obliterated in adult bone.
E)All of the answers are correct.
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12
In addition to osseous tissue, a typical bone contains

A)other connective tissues.
B)smooth muscle tissues (in blood vessel walls).
C)neural tissues.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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13
The function of an osteoprogenitor cell in osseous tissue is

A)to produce new bone matrix.
B)to break down old bone matrix and release calcium salts.
C)to produce new perichondrium for endochondral bone to displace.
D)to produce new osteoblasts.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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14
Which of the following is produced within red bone marrow

A)blood cells
B)adipose tissue
C)calcium
D)protein
E)All of the answers are correct.
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15
The two types of osseous tissue are

A)Haversian and lamellar bone.
B)spongy and compact bone.
C)trabecular and osteoclastic bone.
D)spicular and trabecular bone.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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16
Layers of bone that go all the way around a bone are referred to as

A)concentric lamellae.
B)interstitial lamellae.
C)circumferential lamellae.
D)radial lamellae.
E)longitudinal lamellae.
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17
Which is a major function of the skeletal system

A)support of the body
B)storage of glucose
C)production of ATP
D)maintenance of interstitial fluid composition
E)None of the answers are correct.
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18
Organic components of the matrix of bone include

A)calcium phosphate.
B)collagen fibers.
C)calcium carbonate.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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19
The connective tissue covering the inner surface of a bone is (the)

A)matrix.
B)osteon.
C)periosteum.
D)endosteum.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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20
In the skeletal system, compact bone is located

A)where bones are most heavily stressed.
B)where stresses arrive from many directions.
C)in the epiphyses of the long bones.
D)in direct contact with articular cartilages.
E)All of the answers are correct.
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21
What is the fate of the chondrocytes that are present where bone is forming

A)They move to a different region where bone has not yet formed.
B)They die and are replaced by bone cells.
C)They remain within the bone matrix.
D)They line the central canals of the growing bone.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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22
Bones have a vascular supply that is

A)very extensive, including many arteries and veins branching throughout the bone.
B)very poor; bones are not living, so blood is not needed.
C)supplied simply by one or two arteries.
D)poor, therefore healing is very limited.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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k this deck
23
The endosteum is best described as

A)a tissue that is active during the growth or repair of bone.
B)the cellular lining of the marrow cavity and central canals.
C)an epithelial layer that covers the trabeculae of spongy bone.
D)an incomplete epithelium that sometimes leaves matrix exposed.
E)All of the answers are correct.
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k this deck
24
Ossification of flat bones is called

A)synovial.
B)intramembranous.
C)intrachondral.
D)symphyseal.
E)endochondral.
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k this deck
25
What is the mechanism of marrow cavity enlargement in a long bone

A)There is no mechanism; once formed, the marrow cavity does not change in size.
B)As bone matrix is added to the external surface, osteoclasts remove matrix in the center of the bone to enlarge the cavity.
C)Blood vessels entering the marrow cavity enlarge it by eroding away the inner surface of the bone.
D)The bone marrow cavity only increases in length, as the epiphyseal plates move apart.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
26
The deposit of calcium salts within a tissue is

A)calcification.
B)ossification.
C)osteogenesis.
D)hardening.
E)osteolysis.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
27
Which of the following occurs during endochondral ossification

A)Osteoblasts differentiate within a mesenchymal or fibrous connective tissue.
B)Osteoblasts secrete the organic component of the matrix.
C)Blood vessels enter the spaces between bone spicules to supply the growing tissues.
D)The bone grows in length.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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k this deck
28
How does an epiphysis contribute to the growth and function of a long bone

A)It permits more additional bone to be formed than would occur without it.
B)It allows growth at the metaphysis while retaining the shape of the articular surface.
C)It allows the bone to replace the cartilage at the metaphysis more rapidly.
D)It permits bones of different densities to occur in close proximity.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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29
Which of the following is (are)true of the growth of the skeleton

A)It begins to ossify at six weeks of gestational age.
B)All bone formation ceases immediately after the end of adolescence.
C)Calcification of bones does not occur until an infant begins to learn to walk.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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30
A long bone increases in length until

A)appositional growth starts.
B)the body runs out of calcium.
C)the epiphyseal cartilage becomes ossified.
D)expansion of the secondary ossification centers ends.
E)death; bones grow as long as we are alive.
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31
The periosteum

A)covers the outside of bones.
B)covers articular cartilage.
C)can form chondrocytes to assist in enlarging cartilages associated with the bones.
D)lines the medullary cavity.
E)is vital in blood cell formation.
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32
Which of the following describes how bones are innervated

A)Bones are not innervated.
B)Only the periosteum is innervated.
C)The periosteum and endosteum are innervated by sensory nerves.
D)Only the endosteum, marrow cavity, and epiphyses are innervated.
E)The periosteum, endosteum, medullary cavity, and epiphyses are innervated by sensory nerves.
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33
If a long bone found at an archeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate

A)The person was a male.
B)The person was prepubertal.
C)The person had many injuries.
D)The person was elderly.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
34
Endochondral ossification begins with

A)hyaline cartilage.
B)elastic cartilage.
C)fibrocartilage.
D)articular cartilage.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
35
The first location of long bone formation begins in an area called (the)

A)trabecula.
B)spicule.
C)Haversian system.
D)primary ossification center.
E)secondary ossification center.
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Unlock for access to all 194 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
36
Which of the following works with calcitrol to maintain bone homeostasis

A)growth hormone
B)parathyroid hormone
C)calcitonin
D)calcitriol
E)thyroid hormone
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37
Increased levels of calcium in the blood in a pregnant woman would stimulate the secretion of

A)calcitonin.
B)calcitriol.
C)parathyroid hormone.
D)thyroid hormone.
E)growth hormone.
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38
Which of the following is required to produce calcitrol in the kidneys

A)calcium
B)vitamin A
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin D
E)sodium
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39
During endochondral bone formation,

A)the matrix of the cartilage model becomes calcified.
B)cells of the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts.
C)capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into the heart of the cartilage.
D)osteoclasts erode the center of the new bone to form a marrow cavity.
E)All of the answers are correct.
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40
How do hormones regulate the pattern of bone growth

A)They don't; hormones are not involved in bone growth processes.
B)They change the rates of osteoblast and osteoclast activity.
C)They control the rate of movement of the epiphyseal line.
D)They regulate the deposition of calcium and phosphate salts in the bone matrix.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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41
The scapula is an example of what type of bone

A)long
B)flat
C)irregular
D)short
E)sutural
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42
A fracture of a bone that is the result of a twisting of the bone is called a(n)

A)Pott's fracture.
B)comminuted fracture.
C)greenstick fracture.
D)spiral fracture.
E)compression fracture.
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43
Treating a compound fracture differs from other fractures most significantly due to

A)risk of infection.
B)vascular damage.
C)compound fractures' severity.
D)potential nerve damage.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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44
A great example of a pneumatized bone is the

A)parietal bone.
B)mandible.
C)femur.
D)vertebra.
E)ethmoid bone.
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45
During track and field practice one of the runners trips over a hurdle and falls forward. Fortunately, they are able to break their fall with their hands. However, they stand up holding their wrist in pain. What type of fracture might they have sustained

A)compound fracture
B)Colles' fracture
C)greenstick fracture
D)displaced fracture
E)None of the answers are correct.
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46
Which of the following is an example of a sesamoid bone

A)humerus
B)carpal bone
C)occipital bone
D)patella
E)None of the answers are correct.
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47
The best way to delay skeletal aging is to

A)exercise.
B)take hormone supplements.
C)have cosmetic surgery.
D)diet.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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48
Processes that form where tendons or ligaments attach to a bone include

A)condyles and trochleae.
B)fossae, sulci, and foramina.
C)rami and heads.
D)trochanters, tuberosities, and tubercles.
E)All of the answers are correct.
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49
Which of the following is most likely to have a nerve pass through it

A)fossa
B)process
C)foramen
D)condyle
E)All of the answers are correct.
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50
The period of time when bone remodeling is most likely is

A)after injury.
B)during aging.
C)during youth.
D)during embryologic development.
E)never.
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51
Bone remodeling occurs in

A)spongy bone.
B)compact bone.
C)all bone types equally at all times.
D)all bone types based on need.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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52
Which of the following is best for viewing bones

A)MRI
B)X-rays
C)CAT
D)ultrasound
E)PET
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53
A break in a bone is called

A)a rupture.
B)a defect.
C)a fracture.
D)an osteon.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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54
Which of the following is a classification of bone

A)long
B)round
C)square
D)triangular
E)indefinite
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55
A depression or concavity on the surface of a bone is called a

A)tuberosity.
B)trochanter.
C)fossa.
D)foramen.
E)tubercle.
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56
Extra bones that develop between the usual bones of the skull are called

A)sesamoid bones.
B)sutural bones.
C)flat bones.
D)endochondral bones.
E)None of the answers are correct.
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57
Bone structure is determined by which of the following

A)hormones
B)mechanical stress
C)muscle attachments
D)diet
E)All of the answers are correct.
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58
Which of the following type of fracture produces new and abnormal bone arrangements

A)transverse fracture
B)compression fracture
C)spiral fracture
D)comminuted fracture
E)displaced fracture
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59
Which of the following statements characterizes bones and bone tissue

A)It can undergo remodeling during life.
B)It may have both compact and spongy regions.
C)It can be changed by hormonal stimuli.
D)It contains openings for nutrient blood vessels.
E)All of the answers are correct.
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60
The degenerative effects of osteoporosis are most likely to affect

A)older women.
B)older men.
C)young, active women.
D)young, active men.
E)children.
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61
Blood vessels that supply the ends of long bones are called ________ vessels.
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62
The deposition of ________ salts around the protein fibers of the matrix makes a bone both solid and sturdy.
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63
Trabeculae are struts or plates within ________ that assist in withstanding stresses in a specific direction.
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64
Differences in body size and proportions between males and females result from the different effects of male and female ________, which affect the growth of the bones.
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65
The yellow marrow that fills the medullary cavities of many bones stores ________.
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66
Because they resist stretch, the ________ fibers provide the tensile strength of bone.
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67
The vessels supplying blood to the inner (diaphyseal)surface of each epiphyseal plate, where bone is replacing cartilage, are called ________ vessels.
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68
Because bones are adaptable, their shapes reflect the ________ applied to them.
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69
The addition of ________ to a tissue causing it to harden is referred to as calcification.
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70
The production of new bone is called ________.
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71
The constant recycling of bone is called bone ________.
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72
In general, a large rough projection is called a(n)________.
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73
Because they are strong and relatively inflexible, calcium phosphate crystals enable bone to withstand the stress of ________.
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74
The active form of vitamin D, which is synthesized in the kidney and plays an important role in normal calcium metabolism, is ________.
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75
An individual with otherwise normal features, but having very short limbs, may have a condition known as ________, in which epiphyseal cartilage does not grow.
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76
The outer surfaces and walls of bones are composed of ________ bone.
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77
A toughened layer of connective tissue that encircles and stabilizes a bone at a fracture site is called a(n)________.
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78
A(n)________ is a bridgework of trabecular bone that unites the broken ends of a bone on the marrow side of a fracture.
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79
As a long bone develops, the point where osteoblasts first replace calcified cartilage with spongy bone becomes the ________ center, from which further development proceeds.
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80
The force of tension applied to a bone is counteracted by the presence of many ________ fibers.
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