Deck 14: The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Question 1

The meninges include

A)different layers for the brain and the spinal cord.
B)pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater from the inside outward.
C)pia mater, dura mater, and venous sinuses from the outside inward.
D)two layers of transverse collagen fibers.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The epidural space contains

A)cerebrospinal fluid.
B)lymph.
C)denticulate ligaments.
D)gray matter.
E)connective tissue and blood vessels.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The ventral root of a spinal nerve transmits ________ information ________ the spinal cord.

A)sensory; toward
B)sensory; away from
C)motor; toward
D)motor; away from
E)visceral; toward

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The blood vessels that directly supply the spinal cord are found in the

A)dura mater.
B)epidural space.
C)subarachnoid space.
D)arachnoid mater.
E)pia mater.

Question 5

The middle layer of the meninges is (the)

A)arachnoid mater.
B)pia mater.
C)periosteum.
D)dura mater.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 6

The narrow space just inside the dura mater that is seen in histological preparations is called the

A)subdural space.
B)supradural space.
C)epidural space.
D)subarachnoid space.
E)peridural space.

Question 7

The meshwork of elastic fibers that make the arachnoid mater look "webby" are (the)

A)arachnoid granulations.
B)arachnoid extensions.
C)arachnoid trabeculae.
D)subarachnoid spaces.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Components of the central nervous system (CNS)include

A)peripheral nerves and ganglia.
B)the spinal cord and brain.
C)autonomic components only.
D)efferent components only.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 9

The subarachnoid space is

A)between the arachnoid mater and the underlying dura mater.
B)filled with fat.
C)between the arachnoid mater and the periosteum.
D)filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
E)a potential space only.

Question 10

The pia mater is connected to the dura mater to anchor the spinal cord in place at paired structures called

A)coccygeal ligaments.
B)the conus medullaris.
C)denticulate ligaments.
D)the filum terminale.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following conditions may produce spinal shock

A)injuries to the spinal cord
B)over exercising of the skeletal muscles
C)abrasion of the epidermis of an extremity
D)a moderately severe blow to the head
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 12

The pia mater is the

A)innermost of the meninges.
B)outermost covering over the brain, but not the spinal cord.
C)toughest and thickest of the meninges.
D)menix that appears "webby" and contains cerebrospinal fluid.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

The spinal meninges function to

A)protect the spinal cord.
B)stabilize the spinal cord.
C)absorb shocks to the spinal cord.
D)assist in delivering nutrients and oxygen to the spinal cord.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 14

Caudal extensions of the dura and pia mater that connect to the sacrum and coccyx make up (the)

A)denticulate ligaments.
B)coccygeal ligament.
C)cordosacral ligament.
D)inferior ligament of the spinal cord.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 15

Spinal nerves extending distal to the conus medullaris are collectively referred to as the

A)filum terminale.
B)denticulate ligaments.
C)cauda equina.
D)spinal meninges.
E)motor neurons.

Question 16

The cervical spinal cord

A)contains a smaller amount of gray matter than in other areas of the spinal cord.
B)supplies the shoulder girdle and upper limb.
C)is smaller in diameter than other regions of the spinal cord.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 17

Motor fibers travel in the ________ of the spinal cord.

A)ascending tract
B)medial tract
C)descending tract
D)posterior tract
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 18

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains

A)axons of sensory neurons.
B)ventral rami.
C)axons of motor neurons.
D)cell bodies of motor neurons.
E)interneurons.

Question 19

Select the association that is most closely matched.

A)anterior-sensory
B)anterior-integrative
C)posterior-motor
D)posterior-sensory
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 20

A needle used in a spinal tap must be inserted until its tip is in the

A)arachnoid mater.
B)epidural space.
C)subarachnoid space.
D)subdural space.
E)peridural space.

Question 21

The nerve immediately inferior to the 12th rib is the

A)sciatic nerve.
B)phrenic nerve.
C)abdominal nerve.
D)ilioinguinal nerve.
E)12th intercostal or thoracic nerve

Question 22

The nuclei in the spinal cord that contain the cell bodies of the visceral motor neurons are located in (the)

A)posterior gray horn.
B)anterior gray horn.
C)lateral gray horn.
D)gray commissures.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 23

The median nerve

A)arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus.
B)arises from both the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus.
C)arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus.
D)innervates the pronators of the forearm.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 24

The innermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds each axon is the

A)fascicle.
B)fasciculus.
C)epineurium.
D)endoneurium.
E)perineurium.

Question 25

All of the following are true of fiber tracts in the spinal cord except

A)all axons within a tract relay information in the same direction.
B)each tract carries sensory or motor information, but not both.
C)axons of a single tract are relatively uniform in diameter, myelination, and conduction speed.
D)the tracts are randomly located with respect to the type of information carried.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 26

What is the correct order of passage for visceral motor fibers on their way to a spinal nerve
(1)autonomic ganglion
(2)ventral root
(3)gray ramus
(4)lateral gray horn
(5)white ramus

A)4, 3, 2, 1, 5
B)1, 4, 5, 2, 3
C)4, 2, 5, 1, 3
D)1, 4, 2, 5, 3
E)5, 4, 2, 3, 1

Question 27

The spinal nerves enter and exit the vertebral canal through the

A)dorsal root.
B)intervertebral foramen.
C)ventral root.
D)vertebral foramen.
E)transverse foramen.

Question 28

A motor neuron going out to smooth muscles of the stomach will pass through the

A)gray ramus.
B)ventral ramus.
C)dorsal ramus.
D)white ramus.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 29

Which of the following regions of the spinal cord follows typical segmenting without mixing roots

A)cervical
B)thoracic
C)lumbar
D)sacral
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 30

Axons crossing over in the cord pass through the

A)anterior white commissure.
B)gray commissure.
C)posterior white commissure.
D)anterior gray horns.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 31

The ulnar nerve is found in the ________ plexus.

A)cervical
B)thoracic
C)lumbar
D)brachial
E)sacral

Question 32

The body surface region monitored by a specific pair of spinal nerves is called (a)

A)ramus communicans.
B)ventral ramus.
C)dermatome.
D)perineurium.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 33

The H-shaped mass in the center of the spinal cord is mostly

A)white matter.
B)gray matter.
C)axons.
D)black matter.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 34

Loss of sensation and motor control of the lower limbs is called

A)paraplegia.
B)quadriplegia.
C)hemiplegia.
D)aplegia.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 35

Which of the following is a nerve of the cervical plexus

A)median nerve
B)lesser occipital nerve
C)nerve to subclavius
D)axillary nerve
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 36

A bundle of nerve fibers is surrounded by

A)epineurium.
B)perineurium.
C)endoneurium.
D)neurilemma.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 37

Splanchnic nerves

A)innervate glands and smooth muscles in the body wall.
B)are unmyelinated.
C)control abdominopelvic viscera.
D)rejoin the spinal nerves.
E)form part of the rami communicantes.

Question 38

The cervical plexus

A)consists of the ventral rami of spinal nerves C1-C4, and some fibers from C5.
B)gives rise to motor branches that innervate the muscles of the neck.
C)gives rise to the phrenic nerve, which provides the sole motor supply to the diaphragm.
D)gives rise to branches that supply the skin of the neck, shoulder, and upper chest region.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 39

Which of the following connective tissue wrappings contains the entire nerve

A)epineurium
B)endoneurium
C)perineurium
D)neurilemma
E)fascicle

Question 40

The large connection between the lumbar and sacral plexuses is called (the)

A)sciatic nerve.
B)tibial nerve.
C)pelvic plexus.
D)lumbosacral trunk.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 41

Which of the following nerves innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle

A)subscapular nerves
B)suprascapular nerves
C)musculocutaneous nerve
D)axillary nerve
E)thoracodorsal nerve

Question 42

Posterior upper limb muscles are innervated by the

A)musculocutaneous nerve.
B)ulnar nerve.
C)radial nerve.
D)median nerve.
E)axillary nerve.

Question 43

The reason the lumbar plexus and sacral plexus are sometimes referred to as the lumbosacral plexus is because

A)they have a very large connection between them.
B)they are so close together.
C)they innervate the same area of the body.
D)they both carry only sensory information.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 44

The only nerve of the brachial plexus that forms without the mixing of nerve trunks is the ________ nerve.

A)long thoracic
B)dorsal scapular
C)subclavius
D)suprascapular
E)subscapular

Question 45

While sliding into second base a baseball player fractures his fibula. Which nerve and its branches need to be assessed for damage

A)superior gluteal nerve
B)genitofemoral nerve
C)saphenous nerve
D)sciatic nerve
E)common fibular nerve

Question 46

The levator scapulae, scalenes, and sternocleidomastoid are innervated by the ________ plexus.

A)brachial
B)lumbar
C)cervical
D)neck
E)axillary

Question 47

Generally speaking, the nerves of the lumbar plexus control the

A)anterior thigh.
B)medial thigh.
C)abdominal muscles.
D)skin of the medial side of the knee.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 48

Which of the following are nerves of the posterior division of the brachial plexus

A)radial nerve
B)axillary nerve
C)musculocutaneous nerve
D)ulnar nerve
E)both radial and axillary nerves

Question 49

Which of the following arises from the lumbar portion of the lumbosacral plexus

A)superior gluteal nerve
B)peroneal nerve
C)tibial nerve
D)pudendal nerve
E)saphenous nerve

Question 50

Which is the correct order of mixing in the brachial plexus

A)root, cord, trunk, peripheral nerves, division
B)division, peripheral nerves, cord, trunk, root
C)root, trunk, division, cord, peripheral nerves
D)trunk, peripheral nerves, cord, division, root
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 51

Which spinal segments have been damaged if a person has difficulty typing

A)C1 and C2
B)C3 and C4
C)C5-C6
D)C5-C7
E)C8-T1

Question 52

Extensors of the thigh are controlled by the

A)tibial nerve.
B)fibular nerve.
C)femoral nerve.
D)obturator nerve.
E)iliohypogastric nerve.

Question 53

The medial muscles of the thigh are innervated by the

A)iliohypogastric nerve.
B)genitofemoral nerve.
C)femoral nerve.
D)obturator nerve.
E)saphenous nerve.

Question 54

The biceps femoris and the tibialis anterior are innervated by the ________ nerve.

A)iliohypogastric
B)pudential
C)fibular
D)inferior gluteal
E)lateral femoral cutaneous

Question 55

The largest nerve in the body that is formed from L4-S3 is the

A)tibial.
B)brachial.
C)sciatic.
D)radial.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 56

Gluteus maximus is innervated by (the)

A)superior gluteal nerve.
B)inferior gluteal nerve.
C)sciatic nerve.
D)pudendal nerve.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 57

Striking of the medial epicondyle of the humerus often compresses the ________ nerve.

A)median
B)ulnar
C)radial
D)axillary
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 58

The ulnar nerve receives sensory information from the

A)pollex.
B)fifth digit of the hand.
C)hallux.
D)upper arm.
E)lateral forearm.

Question 59

Testing of a tendon reflex often permits the diagnostician to determine the specific site of nerve damage. A poor biceps tendon response would indicate injury or damage to which spinal segment(s)

A)C4
B)C5- C7
C)C8 and T1
D)C6-C9
E)C3-C6

Question 60

The nerve most active during sexual activity is (the)

A)pudendal nerve.
B)lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.
C)genitofemoral nerve.
D)superior gluteal nerve.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 61

Which of the following is (are)true of a motor response triggered by a reflex stimulus

A)It can be simple or complex, depending upon the reflex arc involved.
B)It may involve responses from interactions between multiple interneuron pools.
C)It may cause a strong action, because the effector organ acts in an unopposed manner.
D)It may be damped by mediation from the centers in the brain.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 62

The stretch reflex

A)is activated anytime a limb or other body segment is extended.
B)is exemplified by the knee jerk, or patellar, reflex.
C)if functioning normally, indicates that spinal segments T12-L1 are intact.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 63

In the simplest reflex arc,

A)a sensory neuron contacts few interneurons before synapsing on a motor neuron.
B)the response is produced by a polysynaptic chain of at least ten neurons.
C)the sensory neuron synapses directly with on a motor neuron.
D)transmission of the impulse from one cell in the arc to another is electrical.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 64

The increased amount of gray matter in the lumbar region of the spinal cord is known as the ________.

Question 65

Which stretch reflex is the most appropriate to test when attempting to diagnose damage to the radial nerve

A)the knee jerk
B)the ankle jerk
C)the biceps tendon jerk
D)the brachioradialis tendon jerk
E)the triceps jerk

Question 66

A slender strand of fibrous tissue from the pia mater that blends into the coccygeal ligament and forms the most inferior extension from the spinal cord that anchors it to the sacral region is the ________.

Question 67

Activation of a motor neuron during the processing of a reflex action

A)occurs instantaneously, with the start of the stimulation.
B)carries the nerve impulse to the peripheral effector organs.
C)typically enhances the original stimulus that triggered the reflex.
D)sends a response to peripheral structures by way of the dorsal root of a spinal nerve.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 68

Groups of neuron cell bodies in the dorsal root are called ________.

Question 69

The stretch reflex innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve is the

A)patellar reflex.
B)biceps reflex.
C)triceps reflex.
D)ankle jerk reflex.
E)abdominal reflex.

Question 70

Every spinal segment is associated with a pair of ________ that contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons.

Question 71

How do higher centers in the brain influence reflexive motor activities

A)They don't; reflexes are unaffected by activity in higher centers.
B)They can enhance or suppress spinal reflexes via descending tracts.
C)They influence only the lowest, most stereotyped, levels of motor control.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 72

The outermost layer of the meninges is the ________.

Question 73

Which of the following is true of receptors

A)They are present in the peripheral parts of the body only.
B)Structurally, they are similar to glandular tissue.
C)They monitor conditions inside the body or in the external environment.
D)All types are capable of responding to all types of stimuli.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 74

The cerebrospinal fluid is located in the ________.

Question 75

In the correct order, the steps involved in a neural reflex are: (1)information processing
(2)activation of a sensory neuron
(3)arrival of a stimulus and activation of a receptor
(4)activation of a motor neuron
(5)response of a peripheral effector

A)1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B)5, 4, 3, 2, 1
C)3, 2, 1, 4, 5
D)1, 4, 5, 3, 2
E)2, 4, 5, 3, 1

Question 76

Higher brain centers are able to

A)have no effect on reflexes.
B)act only to suppress spinal reflexes.
C)influence spinal reflexes in a series of interactive levels.
D)take part after the individual chooses to permit the reflex to proceed.
E)train the spinal cord.

Question 77

A(n)________ is a regional anesthesia produced by the injection of an anesthetic into the epidural space near targeted spinal nerve roots.

Question 78

The meningeal membranes are continuous with the connective tissues surrounding the ________ and their peripheral branches.

Question 79

Spinal reflexes

A)include monosynaptic reflexes only.
B)involve only a single segment of the spinal cord.
C)always transmit information to the brain for processing.
D)include both monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes.
E)are monosynaptic and involve only one segment of the cord.

Question 80

Polysynaptic reflexes can produce far more complicated responses than monosynaptic reflexes because

A)the response time is quicker.
B)the response is initiated by highly sensitive receptors.
C)the interneurons involved can trigger many muscle groups.
D)motor neurons carry impulses at a faster rate than do sensory neurons.
E)interneurons speed up processing.