Deck 23: The Lymphoid System

Question 1

Lymphatic capillaries

A)cannot be discerned structurally from circulatory system capillaries.
B)originate as blind sacs within the loose connective tissues of the body.
C)receive lymph directly from lymph nodes.
D)concentrate lymph prior to passing it to larger lymphatic vessels.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following are functions of the lymphoid system in the body

A)to maintain normal blood volume
B)to eliminate local variations in the chemical composition of the interstitial fluid
C)to produce lymphocytes
D)to distribute lymphocytes
E)All of the answers are correct.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Components of the lymphoid system include the: (1)pancreas
(2)spleen
(3)lymphatic vessels
(4)thymus
(5)lymph nodes
(6)thoracic duct

A)2, 3, 4, 5, 6
B)1, 3, 5, 6
C)1, 4, 6
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In cross section, a lymph vessel can be distinguished from arteries or veins because

A)only the endothelial cells of the lymph vessel show nuclei.
B)of the large number of smooth muscle fibers in the walls.
C)the lymph vessel is usually not associated with arteries or veins, while the latter usually run together.
D)the walls of the lymphatic vessels usually contract more during the sectioning and staining process, and usually appear to be smaller than other vessels of a similar size.
E)the lymphatic vessels have the thinnest walls of all the vessel types.

Question 5

Deep lymphatic vessels are found

A)in the walls of organs.
B)near deep arteries and veins.
C)in the brain.
D)under mucous membranes.
E)in subcutaneous tissue.

Question 6

Secondary lymphoid structures may contain

A)macrophages.
B)lymphocytes.
C)sinusoids.
D)lymph.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 7

Each day about ________ of fluid moves from the plasma to the interstitial fluid.

A)500 mL
B)3)6 L
C)1)5 L
D)8)0 L
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 8

The smallest of the organs of the lymphoid system is (are)the

A)lymph node.
B)cisterna chyli.
C)spleen.
D)carotid bodies.
E)kidneys.

Question 9

Lymph flows through lymphatic vessels due to

A)skeletal muscle contractions.
B)respiratory movements.
C)strong vasoconstriction of vessel walls.
D)both skeletal muscle contractions and respiratory movements.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 10

The bulges that give the lymphatic vessels the "string of beads" appearance are caused by

A)periodic inflammation of the tissues that remove bacteria and viruses from other body tissues.
B)closely spaced valves within the vessels.
C)thickenings in the endothelial lining of the lymph vessels at evenly spaced intervals.
D)regions of higher pressure within the lymph vessels, which cause the walls to bulge.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 11

The right lymphatic duct

A)carries lymph to the right brachiocephalic vein.
B)carries lymph originating in tissues superior to the diaphragm.
C)carries lymph from the right bronchomediastinal trunk.
D)joins the left subclavian vein immediately lateral to where the left internal jugular vein joins.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 12

Compared to regular capillaries, lymphatic capillaries are

A)much less permeable.
B)more permeable than continuous capillaries.
C)not comparable because of their large size.
D)much more permeable than all types of capillaries.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 13

Lipids absorbed in the digestive tract enter ________ in the intestinal wall.

A)capillaries
B)lymph nodes
C)lacteals
D)macrophages
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 14

Large lymphatic trunks and ducts are located

A)in the skin.
B)in the lower limb only.
C)in the posterior thoracic and abdominal walls.
D)in the head.
E)in the anterior abdomen.

Question 15

Which lymphatic vessels drain into the venous system

A)lymphatic capillaries
B)large lymphatic vessels
C)lymphatic ducts
D)lymphoid sacs
E)lymphatic trunks

Question 16

Lymphatic trunks collect lymph from

A)lacteals.
B)superficial lymphatics.
C)deep lymphatics.
D)both superficial and deep lymphatics.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 17

How do lymphatic vessels differ from those of either the arterial or the venous system

A)They do not run together with either the arteries or the veins.
B)The lymphatic valves are spaced close enough to give the vessel the appearance of a string of beads.
C)They have fewer valves than do the veins.
D)They have thicker walls than veins, but less thick than those of the arteries.
E)They have very few significant differences.

Question 18

Most immune responses originate in

A)primary lymphoid structures.
B)macrophages.
C)the skin.
D)secondary lymphoid structures.
E)the liver.

Question 19

The lymphoid system is composed of

A)lymph.
B)the spleen.
C)lymph nodes.
D)lymphatic vessels.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the

A)lymph nodes.
B)cisterna chyli.
C)thoracic duct.
D)right lymphatic duct.
E)hepatic portal vein.

Question 21

T cells

A)include approximately 10-15 percent of the circulating lymphocytes.
B)can differentiate into plasmocytes when appropriately stimulated.
C)are responsible for the phenomenon in the body known as "humoral immunity."
D)control the activation and activity of B cells.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 22

NK cells attack

A)virus-infected cells.
B)cancer cells.
C)foreign cells.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 23

Clinical symptoms that would indicate that there is a blockage in the right lymphatic duct would include

A)edema of the right arm and upper chest.
B)increased heart rate.
C)increased blood pressure.
D)swelling of the body inferior to the diaphragm.
E)a greatly increased cisterna chyli.

Question 24

Approximately 10-15 percent of the circulating lymphocytes are

A)B cells.
B)T cells.
C)NK cells.
D)macrophages.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 25

Blocking the antigen receptors on the surface of lymphocytes would interfere with

A)phagocytosis of the antigen.
B)the lymphocyte's ability to produce antibody.
C)antigen recognition.
D)the ability of the lymphocyte to present the antigen.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 26

Which of the following is a function of the T cells

A)removal of abnormal blood cells
B)humoral immunity
C)iron storage
D)initiation of the immune response
E)cell-mediated immunity

Question 27

The production of lymphocytes is called

A)immunocompetence.
B)erythropoiesis.
C)lymphopoiesis.
D)granulogenesis.
E)lymphogenesis.

Question 28

The cisterna chyli receives lymph from which of the following

A)the lower abdomen
B)the pelvis
C)the lower extremities
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 29

Lymph cells respond to which of the following

A)body cells
B)foreign antigens
C)unbalanced ratios of fat to protein in the interstitial fluids
D)an imbalance in blood pressure
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 30

The ability of lymphocytes to recognize an antigen is called

A)presentation.
B)activation.
C)immunopotential.
D)immunocompetence.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 31

Which organ or tissue contains equal numbers of B and T cells

A)bone marrow
B)thymus
C)blood
D)spleen
E)liver

Question 32

Lymphocytes are called "wandering" cells because

A)they can move from one area of the body to another by entering and exiting the bloodstream freely.
B)the blood takes them everywhere.
C)they roam around within the organ in which they are found.
D)they attack foreign cells or body cells infected by viruses.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 33

Helper T cells function as

A)the primary attack cell of cell-mediated immunity.
B)the regulators of the immune response.
C)antibody producers.
D)phagocytes.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 34

Antibodies specifically attack

A)foreign cells.
B)B cells.
C)viruses.
D)antigens.
E)proteins.

Question 35

Classes of lymphocytes in the body include

A)T cells.
B)B cells.
C)NK (= natural killer)cells.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 36

The lymphocytes that fight infections in the connective tissues of the body reach these areas by

A)passive diffusion.
B)passing independently in and out of the circulatory vessels.
C)movement caused by the contraction of the body musculature.
D)movement exclusively through the lymphatic vessels.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 37

Providing antibody-mediated or humoral immunity is primarily the job of (the)

A)B cells.
B)T cells.
C)macrophages.
D)granulocytes.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 38

HIV weakens the immune system by

A)overwhelming it with infection.
B)attacking T cells.
C)destroying antibodies.
D)attacking B cells.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 39

Which of the following is the first event in defense against bacteria

A)interferon release
B)antigen appearance on plasmalemma
C)activation of B cells
D)activation of T cytotoxic cells
E)macrophage activation

Question 40

Cells that stay in the body and make it easier to fight off an infection the second time you get it are called

A)helper cells.
B)suppressor cells.
C)macrophages.
D)memory cells.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 41

The lobes of the thymus are separated by connective tissue into

A)cortices.
B)medullae.
C)septa.
D)lobules.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 42

If the thyroid gland of a person is removed because of hyperthyroidism or some other disease, what lymphoid organ may also be removed or damaged inadvertently

A)the cervical lymph nodes
B)the spleen
C)the thoracic lymph nodes
D)Peyer's patches
E)None of the lymphoid organs are at risk when the thyroid gland is removed.

Question 43

Lymph nodes

A)occur in all regions of the body.
B)filter both blood and lymph.
C)do not occur in the brain.
D)receive lymph through the efferent vessels.
E)manufacture lymph.

Question 44

When is the thymus most active

A)from puberty to adulthood
B)during infancy and youth
C)during middle age
D)during old age
E)throughout life

Question 45

Adenoids are the ________ tonsil.

A)palatine
B)lingual
C)pharyngeal
D)laryngeal
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 46

If a person wearing a head, neck, and upper chest shield is subjected to a high dose of radiation, one of the resultant health problems might be damage to bone marrow in exposed body regions. If the bone marrow damage occurred in an adult, which cell types might initially no longer be produced in sufficient numbers for the proper immune response to be sustained

A)all lymphocytes
B)B cells
C)NK cells
D)T cells
E)B cells and NK cells

Question 47

In which of the following "glands" is a physician checking for infection when palpating under the mandible and ear

A)cervical lymph nodes
B)submental lymph nodes
C)submandibular lymph nodes
D)parotid lymph nodes
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 48

Areas of densely packed lymphocytes in the linings of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts are called

A)tonsils.
B)nodules.
C)lymph nodes.
D)thymic corpuscles.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 49

Tonsils located lateral walls of pharynx are called the

A)palatine tonsils.
B)pharyngeal tonsils.
C)esophageal tonsils.
D)lingual tonsils.
E)epiglottal tonsils.

Question 50

Which lymph nodes might become infected as a result of a bladder infection

A)axillary lymph nodes
B)Peyer's patches
C)thoracic lymph nodes
D)abdominal lymph nodes
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 51

Lymphoid nodules in the walls of the small intestine are called (the)

A)germinal centers.
B)thymic corpuscles.
C)nodes.
D)Peyer's patches.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 52

If the medulla of a lymph node is damaged, what components of the lymphoid system will be affected

A)None; this region does not produce any types of lymphocytes.
B)NK cells
C)T cells
D)B cells
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 53

In which of the following is lymph the already processed

A)afferent lymphatic vessel
B)lacteals
C)efferent lymphatic vessel
D)interstitial fluid
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 54

Which of the following is not an example of MALT

A)tonsils
B)Peyer's patches
C)spleen
D)vermiform appendix
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 55

Which of the following is the first process to occur as the flow of lymph enters a lymph node

A)It occurs from efferent lymphatic vessels through the nodal tissues to afferent lymphatics.
B)It passes through a network lymphoid cells.
C)It is always from the inner tissues toward the exterior, as the incoming vessels enter the node and pass to its center prior to releasing their flow of lymph.
D)It always triggers the activation of the immune response; if no infectious agents are present lymph is channeled around the nodes rather than through them.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 56

Which lymph nodes would likely become inflamed with an ear infection

A)cervical lymph nodes
B)axillary lymph nodes
C)none of the lymph nodes, but the spleen
D)intestinal lymph nodes
E)thoracic lymph nodes

Question 57

________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

A)Thymus glands
B)Lymph nodes
C)thymic corpuscles
D)Tonsils
E)Peyer's patches

Question 58

Which of the following is (are)true of the thymic lobules

A)They lack an internal structure of a cortex and a medulla.
B)They are the site of the production of lymphocytes, but not of the T cells.
C)They contain lymphoid stem cells and thymic corpuscles.
D)They contain special capillaries that selectively acquire circulating antigens to pass through the tissues.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 59

The capsule that covers the thymus divides it into

A)two thymic lobes.
B)many lobules.
C)several unstructured nodules.
D)several reservoirs for storage of hormones.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 60

Blood vessels and nerves attach to a lymph node at the

A)apex.
B)base.
C)cortex.
D)medulla.
E)hilus.

Question 61

The spleen

A)is the lymphoid organ that grows to its greatest size in the individual at puberty.
B)is composed of a cortex and a medulla.
C)lies tucked inside of the lesser curvature of the stomach.
D)is attached to the stomach by the broad mesentery band, the gastrosplenic ligament.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 62

Lymphoid functions of the spleen include

A)production of B and T cells.
B)maturation of T cells.
C)phagocytosis of damaged or infected cells circulating with the blood.
D)addition of many new NK cells to the circulation.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 63

Which of these is a unique part of the spleen

A)hilus
B)trabeculae
C)white pulp
D)medulla
E)cortex

Question 64

Lymphatic capillaries have ________ permeability than blood capillaries.

Question 65

Lymphatic capillaries are present in almost every tissue of the body, with the exception of the ________ nervous system and a few other areas.

Question 66

The lymphatic network begins with the ________, also called terminal lymphatics.

Question 67

The components of the lymphoid system that transport the lymph and begin in the peripheral tissues and end in the venous system are the ________.

Question 68

A major role of the lymphoid system is to produce, maintain, and distribute ________.

Question 69

The ________ is an expanded, saclike chamber at the base of the thoracic duct.

Question 70

In ________, leukocytes are exposed to and fight off foreign invaders.

Question 71

Which of the following is (are)true of the spleen

A)It is the largest lymphoid organ in the body.
B)It performs the same functions for the blood as the lymph nodes do for the lymph.
C)It contains areas of red and white pulp.
D)It contains trabecular arteries.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 72

Prominent lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine, which are important in the transport of lipids absorbed by the digestive tract, are called ________.

Question 73

The fluid that is transported by the lymphatic vessels, similar in composition to blood plasma but lower in protein concentration, is the ________.

Question 74

The cell population of the white pulp

A)occupies primarily the visceral surface of the organ.
B)includes lymphocytes.
C)releases red blood cells into the lymphatic vessels.
D)includes all of the normal components of the circulating blood.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 75

Which of the following are not aging-dependent problems of the lymphoid system

A)appendicitis
B)T cells become less responsive
C)increased susceptibility to infection
D)cancer incidence increases
E)reduced number of helper T cells

Question 76

Lymphatic ________ are the smallest lymphatic vessels.

Question 77

The ________ collects lymph from the right side of the body superior to the diaphragm.

Question 78

Which of the following is not a function of the spleen

A)removal of abnormal blood cells from the blood
B)collection of fluids from the surrounding tissues
C)storage of iron
D)initiation of immune responses from B and T cells
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 79

The medulla of the thymus contains

A)mature T cells.
B)B cells.
C)macrophages.
D)granulocytes.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 80

The lymphoid system defends the body against problems that originate in the external ________.