Deck 25: The Digestive System

Question 1

Which of the following is an intraperitoneal organ

A)ascending colon
B)stomach
C)ureter
D)pancreas
E)duodenum

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Each day about ________ liter(s)of peritoneal fluid enters and leaves the peritoneal cavity.

A)7
B)1
C)10
D)13
E)26

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the

A)myenteric plexus.
B)mucosa.
C)submucosa.
D)muscularis mucosa.
E)mesocolon.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The tissue that suspends from the stomach and anteriorly across most of the abdominal cavity is (the)

A)mesentery.
B)greater omentum.
C)lesser omentum.
D)transverse mesocolon.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 5

The lining of the digestive tract plays a defensive role by protecting surrounding tissues against

A)the corrosive effects of digestive enzymes.
B)the corrosive effects of acids.
C)mechanical stresses.
D)pathogens that are swallowed with food.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

The correct order of the digestive tube layers, from lumen outward, is: (1)mucosa
(2)muscularis externa
(3)serosa
(4)submucosa

A)3, 1, 2, 4
B)4, 1, 2, 3
C)4, 2, 3, 1
D)1, 4, 2, 3
E)1, 4, 3, 2

Question 7

What intestinal functions do the short reflexes control

A)closes sphincters
B)nutrient absorption
C)absorbed nutrients would be unable to pass into the hepatic portal system
D)local peristalsis and segmentation movements
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 8

The muscular layer farthest from the lumen is (the)

A)circular layer of the muscularis externa.
B)longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa.
C)muscularis mucosae.
D)oblique layer of the muscularis externa.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 9

A blockage of the ducts from the parotid salivary glands would

A)result in the production of a more viscous saliva.
B)impair the lubricating properties of the saliva.
C)interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
D)eliminate the sense of taste.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

Which of the following are true of the mesenteries
(1)They are sheets of serous membrane.
(2)They suspend portions of the digestive tract within the peritoneal cavity.
(3)They are double sheets of peritoneal membrane.
(4)They provide an access route to digestive structures for nerves, lymphoids and blood vessels.
(5)They provide proprioceptive information to the spinal cord regarding the digestive organs.

A)All of the answers are correct.
B)None of the answers are correct.
C)1, 3, and 5 are true.
D)1, 2, 3, and 4 are true.
E)2, 4, and 5 are true.

Question 11

Peristalsis

A)is a condition wherein the lining of the digestive tract is irritated by the passage of rough fibrous material.
B)is waves of muscular contractions that move along the length of the digestive tract.
C)only occurs in the esophagus.
D)is a muscular movement pattern that occurs in regions of the digestive tract where the smooth muscle fibers are not arranged in layers.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 12

The areolar connective tissue found immediately beneath the epithelium of the digestive tract is called

A)basement membrane.
B)mucosa.
C)plica.
D)lamina propria.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

In areas where the digestive tract is not covered in serosa it is covered by a fibrous connective tissue called

A)peritoneum.
B)the plexus of Auerbach.
C)adventitia.
D)mucosa.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 14

Functions of the digestive system include which of the following

A)ingestion of foods and liquids
B)processing of food materials and liquids
C)warming the body with heat released from the digestive organs as they process food
D)boosting expiratory efficiency by lifting the diaphragm via intestinal gas secretions
E)both ingestion and processing of food materials and liquids

Question 15

A retroperitoneal structure

A)is encased within the lesser omentum.
B)has only its anterior surface covered by peritoneum.
C)is covered by both the greater and lesser omenta.
D)has greater freedom of movement than an organ enclosed by the mesenteries.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Organs that develop in the peritoneal cavity but later fuse to the posterior abdominal wall include the ________.

A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)kidneys
D)pancreas
E)urinary bladder

Question 17

Control of secretions of the digestive tract is via the

A)hypoglossal nerve.
B)submucosal plexus.
C)myenteric plexus.
D)sympathetic nervous system.
E)Control is different in various areas of the tract.

Question 18

Which of the following are salivary glands
(1)parotid
(2)sublingual
(3)submandibular
(4)geniculate
(5)maxillary

A)All of the answers are correct.
B)None of the answers are correct.
C)1, 2, 3
D)3, 4, 5
E)2, 4

Question 19

Functions of the greater omentum include

A)padding of the abdominal viscera.
B)storage of fat.
C)no known function; it is a vestigial structure.
D)radiation of excess heat generated by the process of digestion through the anterior abdominal wall to cool the body.
E)padding of the abdominal viscera and storage of fat.

Question 20

Long reflexes

A)do not involve the CNS.
B)are required for peristalsis and segmentation.
C)are controlled by the enteric nervous system.
D)involve the myenteric plexus.
E)provide a higher level of control over digestive functions.

Question 21

Which phase or phases of the swallowing process are voluntary

A)pharyngeal phase
B)esophageal phase
C)buccal phase
D)laryngeal phase
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 22

Cuspids are also called

A)molars.
B)wisdom teeth.
C)canines.
D)incisors.
E)bicuspids.

Question 23

Salivary amylase is secreted by the

A)submandibular salivary gland.
B)sublingual salivary gland.
C)parotid salivary gland.
D)papillae.
E)frenulum.

Question 24

Teeth that appear in the first two years of life are called

A)deciduous teeth.
B)milk teeth.
C)primary teeth.
D)baby teeth.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 25

Steps in the swallowing process, in the correct order, include: (1)isolation of the nasopharynx
(2)compression of the bolus against the hard palate
(3)elevation of the soft palate
(4)opening of the upper esophageal sphincter and peristaltic movement of the bolus
(5)retraction of the tongue to force the bolus into the pharynx
(6)elevation of the larynx and folding of the epiglottis to direct the bolus past the glottis

A)1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
B)6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
C)1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6
D)2, 5, 3, 1, 6, 4
E)6, 3, 4, 2, 1, 5

Question 26

The act of moving food from the oral cavity to the stomach is called

A)mastication.
B)absorption.
C)digestion.
D)deglutition.
E)defecation.

Question 27

The visible portion of a tooth is the

A)head.
B)crown.
C)body.
D)root.
E)neck.

Question 28

The outermost portion of the tooth is called

A)cementum.
B)enamel.
C)dentine.
D)pulp.
E)root.

Question 29

Which of the following is the outer part of the esophageal wall

A)mucosa
B)submucosa
C)serosa
D)adventitia
E)esophageal glands

Question 30

The periodontal ligament is part of a strong joint known as the

A)tooth socket.
B)alveolus.
C)cemental joint.
D)suture.
E)gomphosis.

Question 31

The opening in the diaphragm that the esophagus passes through is (the)

A)hiatus.
B)hilum.
C)crus.
D)cardiac sphincter.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 32

The tongue has many bumps called the

A)body.
B)papillae.
C)lingum.
D)frenulum.
E)septa.

Question 33

Which of the following is the uppermost part of the digestive tract

A)spleen
B)stomach
C)esophagus
D)pharynx
E)intestine

Question 34

The hardest substance in the body is

A)bone.
B)cementum.
C)dentine.
D)pulp.
E)enamel.

Question 35

The surface of the teeth of the lower jaw nearest the tongue is called the ________ surface.

A)buccal
B)lingual
C)palatal
D)occlusal
E)mesial

Question 36

The lining of the stomach

A)is composed of simple columnar cells.
B)is covered by thick, viscous mucus.
C)is constantly replaced.
D)has folds called rugae.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 37

The esophagus

A)always remains open.
B)is reinforced by cartilaginous structures.
C)is a hollow muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach.
D)is under both voluntary and autonomic nervous control.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 38

The mouth opens into the

A)pharynx.
B)nasal cavity.
C)buccal cavity.
D)mouth cavity.
E)laryngeal cavity.

Question 39

Damage to which nerve would make it impossible for a person to protrude the tongue

A)N VII
B)N IX
C)N X
D)N XII
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 40

The ________ surfaces of the first incisors touch one another.

A)mesial
B)occlusal
C)distal
D)buccal
E)lingual

Question 41

Which of the following blood vessels supplies the most blood to the large intestine

A)inferior mesenteric artery
B)left gastric artery
C)celiac artery
D)lumbar artery
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 42

Structures that unite to form the common bile duct include: (1)hepatopancreatic sphincter
(2)porta hepatis
(3)cystic duct
(4)common hepatic duct
(5)duodenal papilla

A)1, 2
B)1, 2, 3
C)3, 4
D)1, 3, 5
E)2, 4

Question 43

The medial surface of the stomach is (the)

A)greater curvature.
B)greater omentum.
C)lesser curvature.
D)body.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 44

In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes

A)pancreatic fluid rich in bicarbonate.
B)bile.
C)pancreatic fluid rich in enzymes.
D)proteinases.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 45

Which of the following supplies blood to the small intestine

A)left gastric artery
B)splenic artery
C)right gastric artery
D)gastroduodenal artery
E)superior mesenteric artery

Question 46

The second intestinal segment is (the)

A)ileum.
B)duodenum.
C)gallbladder.
D)jejunum.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 47

The basic functional unit of the liver is (the)

A)hepatocyte.
B)liver lobule.
C)stellate reticuloendothelial cells.
D)falciform, round, and coronary ligaments.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 48

Protection for the interior surface of the stomach against the acids and enzymes in the gastric lumen is afforded by

A)the shallow depressions called gastric pits.
B)the carpet of mucus secreted by the columnar epithelium lining all portions of the stomach.
C)the rapid rate of mechanical mixing of the stomach contents, which exposes the lining to chyme for only a short time.
D)the esophageal sphincter.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 49

The tail of the pancreas is most closely associated with the

A)curve of the duodenum.
B)inferior surface of the liver.
C)descending colon.
D)posterior surface of the spleen.
E)body of the gallbladder.

Question 50

Functions of the gallbladder include

A)secretion of bile.
B)secretion of gastrin, a stomach hormone.
C)storage of bile.
D)secretion of acids to assist the duodenum in breakdown of lipids.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 51

Which of the following is a small intestinal feature that increases the surface area for digestion and absorption

A)taeniae coli
B)rugae
C)omentum
D)microvilli
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 52

The stomach lining contains numerous depressions called

A)gastric mucosa.
B)gastric pits.
C)gastric glands.
D)intestinal glands.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 53

Problems caused by a blockage of the cystic duct would include

A)constipation.
B)appendicitis.
C)a reduced ability of the person to digest fats in the duodenum.
D)decreased intestinal motility.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 54

When a person has diarrhea, how is intestinal function different than normal

A)Intestinal motility is reduced.
B)Intestinal motility is increased.
C)Greater water absorption than usual occurs in the large intestine.
D)Passage of nutrients into the hepatic portal system is reduced.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 55

Parietal cells secrete

A)pepsin.
B)pepsinogen.
C)HCl.
D)gastrin.
E)mucus.

Question 56

The longest portion of the small intestine is the

A)duodenum.
B)jejunum.
C)ilium.
D)colon.
E)appendix.

Question 57

The hormone cholecystokinin

A)stimulates production and secretion of pancreatic juice.
B)stimulates gastric secretion.
C)is released by the stomach.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 58

Which of the following is a function of the stomach

A)analysis of material before swallowing
B)mechanical processing through the actions of the teeth, tongue, and palatal surfaces
C)initial digestion of food materials by acids
D)lubrication of oral contents by mucus and salivary secretions
E)partial digestion of carbohydrates by a salivary enzyme

Question 59

Which of the following produces bile

A)salivary gland
B)spleen
C)liver
D)pancreas
E)gallbladder

Question 60

Parietal cells, chief cells, and G cells compose the

A)gastric pits.
B)small intestine.
C)rugae.
D)villi.
E)gastric glands.

Question 61

Shallow depressions in the wall of the stomach that contain many mucous cells are called ________.

Question 62

The ________ are folds in the digestive lining.

Question 63

Contraction of the smooth muscle in the muscularis externa is coordinated primarily by neurons of the ________.

Question 64

Aging may be detrimental to the function of the digestive tract because

A)the tone of the smooth musculature increases.
B)the rate of epithelial stem cell division increases.
C)the effects of cumulative damage become apparent.
D)aged cells and tissues require more nutrients, but are less efficient at processing them.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 65

The elimination of fecal material from the body is called ________.

Question 66

In addition to capillaries and nerves, each villus contains a terminal lymphatic called a(n)________.

Question 67

The muscle tissue of the digestive system is called ________ muscle.

Question 68

The space located within the teeth is the ________.

Question 69

The ________ phase of swallowing is the last phase.

Question 70

At the base of intestinal villi are the entrances to the ________.

Question 71

The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, vitamins, and water across the digestive epithelium and into the interstitial fluid of the digestive tract is called ________.

Question 72

The pharyngeal phase of swallowing begins when the bolus comes into contact with the palatal arches and/or the ________.

Question 73

The ________ is the most superior region of the stomach.

Question 74

The ability of a smooth muscle fiber to tolerate extreme stretching is called ________.

Question 75

________ cells in the gastric glands produce the hormone gastrin.

Question 76

The apical surfaces of intestinal cells have microvilli that are sometimes referred to as the ________.

Question 77

A hepatic (portal)triad consists of branches of the

A)hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct.
B)central vein, hepatic vein, bile duct.
C)hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic vein.
D)hepatic artery, central vein, bile duct.
E)hepatic portal vein, central vein, hepatic artery.

Question 78

The submucosa of the duodenum contains ________ that produce copious amounts of mucus.

Question 79

Squashing with the tongue and tearing/grinding with the teeth are examples of the function ________ of the digestive tract.

Question 80

The muscular tube that transports materials from the oral cavity to the esophagus is the ________.