Deck 12: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Fraternal twins are much more likely to both have anxiety disorder than identical twins. 

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In the context of specific phobias, acrophobia is the fear of snakes. 

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In the context of posttraumatic stress disorder, women, who are more likely than men to ruminate about stressors, were more likely than men to report difficulty falling asleep. 

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Adoptee studies show that adoptive parents with anxiety disorders place their children at greater risk for anxiety and related traits as compared to biological parents. 

Question 5

Obsessions are so compelling and recurrent that they disrupt daily life. 

Question 6

People with delusional disorder hold persistent, delusional beliefs that sound plausible and are never bizarre. 

Question 7

In the context of obsessive-compulsive disorder, seemingly irresistible urges to engage in thoughts or behaviors that tend to reduce anxiety are referred to as obsessions. 

Question 8

The most widely used classification scheme for psychological disorders is the fifth edition ofThe Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the Mental Disorders. 

Question 9

Anxiety is an appropriate response to a real threat, but it can be abnormal when it is excessive. 

Question 10

The belief that one is in control of a panic attack heightens anxiety. 

Question 11

Hippocrates suggested that psychological disorders are caused by brain abnormalities. 

Question 12

People with body dysmorphic disorder have dual personalities. 

Question 13

The loss of memory in a person with dissociative amnesia can be attributed to organic problems such as a blow to the head or alcoholic intoxication. 

Question 14

The central symptom of generalized anxiety disorder is persistent anxiety that can be attributed to a phobic object, situation, or activity. 

Question 15

Panic attacks in people with panic disorder seem to come from nowhere. 

Question 16

Elevated blood pressure is a psychological symptom of anxiety disorders. 

Question 17

People who develop illness anxiety disorder are not sensitive to bodily sensations and tend to disregard them. 

Question 18

People with borderline personality disorder show instability in their relationships, self-image, and mood and a lack of control over impulses. 

Question 19

According to the biological views on the origins of psychological disorders, humans are genetically predisposed to fear stimuli that may have posed a threat to their ancestors. 

Question 20

In generalized dissociative amnesia, people forget particular traumatic instances of their lives but not their entire lives. 

Question 21

Conversion disorder is characterized by:  

A)peculiarities of thought, perception, or behavior, such as excessive fantasy and suspiciousness, feelings of being unreal, or the odd use of words. 
B)indifference to relationships and flat emotional response. 
C)disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood, as well as withdrawal and absorption in daydreams or fantasy. 
D)a major change in, or loss of, physical functioning, although there are no medical findings to explain the loss of functioning.

Question 22

During a bus journey, a man overhears a discussion about a person who is about to be terminated from his job. The man believes that the people on the bus are talking about him. Which of the following delusions does the man demonstrate?  

A)Delusions of reference  
B)Delusions of grandeur  
C)Delusions of persecution  
D)Delusions of immortality

Question 23

__________are excessive, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as spiders, snakes, or heights. 

A)Delusions  
B)Specific phobias  
C)Hallucinations  
D)Psychomotor retardations

Question 24

A man cancels an important business trip to a mountainous country because he is afraid of the steep roads. He is also terrified of cable cars and the venue of the meeting is accessible only by cable cars. The man most likely suffers from _____. 

A)acrophobia  
B)social phobia  
C)agoraphobia  
D)claustrophobia

Question 25

Mary has schizophrenia and exhibits symptoms of hallucinations, delusions, lack of emotional expression, and social withdrawal. Mary exhibits:  

A)positive symptoms but not negative symptoms. 
B)negative symptoms but not positive symptoms. 
C)both positive and negative symptoms. 
D)neither positive nor negative symptoms.

Question 26

Clara has been diagnosed with a psychological disorder. It seems like she has two different personalities. She is allergic to peanuts but the other personality, residing within her, is not allergic to peanuts. Clara has most likely been diagnosed with__________. 

A)illness anxiety disorder  
B)somatoform disorder  
C)bipolar disorder  
D)dissociative identity disorder

Question 27

People with panic attacks tend to:  

A)exhibit two or more identities or personalities, each with distinct traits and memories. 
B)experience episodes of feeling detached from themselves or feeling that the world around them is unreal. 
C)feel an overpowering need to accumulate certain kinds of possessions and have difficulty discarding them. 
D)misinterpret bodily cues and view them as threats.

Question 28

People with__________are "loners." They do not develop warm, tender feelings for others. 

A)illness anxiety disorder  
B)avoidant personality disorder  
C)schizoid personality disorder  
D)hoarding disorder

Question 29

__________is a type of somatic symptom disorder that was earlier called hypochondria. 

A)Illness anxiety disorder  
B)Dissociative amnesia  
C)Psychomotor retardation  
D)Acute stress disorder

Question 30

Joe is suffering from kidney dysfunctionality. Joe's doctor advises him to start taking injections instead of tablets as that would be more effective and would cure him sooner. However, Joe fears hypodermic needles and refuses to be injected. In this scenario, Joe seems to have _____. 

A)a specific phobia  
B)a common social phobia  
C)panic disorder  
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 31

People with mood disorders:  

A)may become severely depressed when things are going well or when they encounter mildly upsetting events. 
B)insist that they are suffering from a serious physical illness, even though no medical evidence of the illness can be found. 
C)experience episodes of feeling detached from themselves or feeling that the world around them is unreal. 
D)are incapable of recalling important personal information.

Question 32

Psychological disorders are predictable responses to specific events. 

Question 33

In__________, a tormenting event is revisited in the form of intrusive memories, recurrent dreams, and flashbacks-the feeling that the event is recurring. 

A)posttraumatic stress disorder  
B)spinal muscular atrophy  
C)cerebral palsy  
D)psychomotor retardation

Question 34

According to the__________, the ancient Greeks believed that the gods punished humans by causing madness. 

A)medical model  
B)diathesis stress model  
C)biopsychosocial model  
D)demonological model

Question 35

A woman has difficulty concentrating on her job because she keeps worrying about things like leaving the door unlocked or the tap turned on. She feels that her house might be robbed or damaged any day because of her carelessness. According to this scenario, she is most likely suffering from _____. 

A)illness anxiety disorder  
B)dissociative identity disorder  
C)posttraumatic stress disorder  
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 36

Lisa, a high school student, is suspicious of her classmates. She does not trust them and keeps a distance from everyone at school. Lisa is most likely suffering from__________. 

A)illness anxiety disorder  
B)paranoid personality disorder  
C)dissociative amnesia  
D)dissociative identity disorder

Question 37

People with__________insist that they are suffering from a serious physical malady, even though no medical evidence of it can be found. 

A)dissociative amnesia  
B)illness anxiety disorder  
C)bipolar disorder  
D)delusions of grandeur

Question 38

Kim and her family were involved in a road accident. Kim was the only survivor. Her son and husband were declared spot dead. When Kim returned home, she started having dreams about people dying in tragic accidents. These nightmares left Kim with a rapid heart rate and feelings of anxiety and helplessness. Kim is most likely suffering from:  

A)body dysmorphic disorder. 
B)dissociative identity disorder. 
C)posttraumatic stress disorder. 
D)somatoform disorder.

Question 39

Schizophrenia is characterized by:  

A)an inability to be alone. 
B)negative symptoms such as flat, emotionless voices but not by positive symptoms. 
C)disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood. 
D)positive symptoms but not negative symptoms.

Question 40

The _____ of conversion disorders holds that people with conversion disorder are susceptible to being hypnotized. 

A)learning perspective  
B)demonologic model  
C)biopsychosocial perspective  
D)diathesis-stress model

Question 41

Amnesia is frequently associated with _____. 

A)somatoform disorders  
B)anxiety disorders  
C)mood disorders  
D)dissociative disorders

Question 42

People with _____ are preoccupied with exaggerated or imagined physical defects; continuous hair pulling, and compulsive skin-picking. 

A)body dysmorphic disorder  
B)acute stress disorder  
C)dissociative identity disorder  
D)posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 43

Amanda does not like being in crowded rooms. She is also scared of elevators and climbs to the sixth floor of her office every day. Which anxiety disorder does Amanda exhibit?  

A)Acrophobia  
B)Zoophobia  
C)Barophobia  
D)Claustrophobia

Question 44

Extreme, irrational fears of objects and situations, such as hypodermic needles and public speaking are examples of _____. 

A)compulsions  
B)biases  
C)drives  
D)phobias

Question 45

Which of the following statements is true of the demonological model that explains the origins of psychological disorders?  

A)Health professionals viewed psychological disorders as diseases of the mind that had no cure. 
B)Health professionals viewed psychological disorders in terms of a combination of biological vulnerabilities, psychological factors, and sociocultural factors. 
C)People assumed that the behaviors associated with psychological disorders were caused by possession by the Devil. 
D)People assumed that illnesses had physical or biological causes, which could be identified and cured through therapies.

Question 46

Jenny is obsessed with collecting chocolate wrappers. She picks up wrappers from the road and stacks them at her house. Over the years, these wrappers have piled up to such an extent that Jenny is left with only a narrow pathway that leads from the entrance of her house to her bedroom. Although Jenny has been advised by many to get rid of the clutter, she refuses to do so. Jenny is most likely suffering from _____. 

A)panic disorder  
B)hoarding disorder  
C)dissociative identity disorder  
D)posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 47

Which of the following statements is true of acute stress disorder?  

A)It occurs six months after a traumatic event and tends to persist. 
B)People with acute stress disorder become physically weak with multiple organ failures. 
C)People with acute stress disorder can go on to experience posttraumatic stress disorder. 
D)It was formerly termed multiple personality disorder.

Question 48

Delmar believes that he has been sent to earth to save mankind. He believes that women are evil and that any male who speaks to a female is doomed to be a slave. He often tells people of his grand plan to save males from the influence of females. Nothing one says or does can convince him that his ideas are absurd. Delmar's behavior best exemplifies _____. 

A)hallucinations  
B)waxy flexibility  
C)delusions  
D)catatonia

Question 49

People with generalized anxiety disorder:  

A)suffer from persistent anxiety that cannot be attributed to a phobic object, situation, or activity. 
B)show absence of autonomic arousal that leads to anxiety attacks. 
C)are typically afraid of suffocation. 
D)have extreme mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression, including suicidal tendencies.

Question 50

Disaster victims may experience debilitating anxiety reactions months and years after the actual disaster. These patients are diagnosed with:  

A)illness anxiety disorder. 
B)dissociative identity disorder. 
C)generalized anxiety disorder. 
D)posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 51

Psychological disorders are:  

A)predictable responses to specific events. 
B)sometimes associated with faulty perception or interpretation of reality. 
C)certain dangerous behaviors that are acceptable in society. 
D)considered normal and do not cause personal distress.

Question 52

The core of generalized anxiety disorder appears to be:  

A)pervasive worrying about numerous stressors. 
B)indifference to physical symptoms of anxiety. 
C)specific phobias during childhood. 
D)irrational fears of specific objects or situations.

Question 53

A similarity between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is that both:  

A)occur six months or more after a traumatic event and tend to persist. 
B)are characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event. 
C)occur within a month of a traumatic event and last only for a week. 
D)are characterized by loss of memory that is caused by a traumatic event.

Question 54

Tom is a loner who shows little interest in making friends and does not exhibit much emotion. However, he is efficient at his job. His job involves updating a database to reflect the most recent events occurring in the world. He is showing signs of _____. 

A)schizotypal personality disorder  
B)antisocial personality disorder  
C)schizoid personality disorder  
D)illness anxiety disorder

Question 55

Which of the following statements is true of the biological views that explain the origins of anxiety disorders?  

A)Fraternal twins are much more likely to have similar anxiety disorders than identical twins. 
B)Humans are not genetically predisposed to fear stimuli that may have posed a threat to their ancestors. 
C)People's appraisals of the magnitude of threats help determine whether they are traumatic and can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder. 
D)A predisposition toward anxiety, in the form of a highly reactive autonomic nervous system, can be inherited.

Question 56

Cory was driving when his car met with an accident. His best friend, who was sitting in the car with him, was killed in that accident. However, Cory escaped uninjured. When he woke up the next morning, he could not recall where he was or what had happened the previous night. He is most likely exhibiting:  

A)dissociative amnesia. 
B)psychomotor retardation. 
C)schizophrenia. 
D)neuroticism.

Question 57

__________is characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event. 

A)Acute stress disorder  
B)Dissociative identity disorder  
C)Somatoform disorder  
D)Bipolar disorder

Question 58

Sanchez, an 8-year-old boy, suffers from unpredictable panic attacks and constantly talks to his imaginary friends. His mother confesses to the family doctor, "I probably drank too much alcohol during pregnancy and caused damage to Sanchez's brain." This statement supports the _____ on psychological disorders. 

A)biopsychosocial model  
B)diathesis-stress model  
C)demonological model  
D)medical model

Question 59

A man witnessed an explosion in which a coworker died, and soon after, he lost his vision. Despite many neurological tests, doctors could not find any organic basis for the man's loss of eyesight. The man is most likely suffering from:  

A)schizoid personality disorder. 
B)conversion disorder. 
C)bipolar disorder. 
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 60

People describe Sarah as peculiar. She mixes up random words from different languages and strings them together in rambling sentences. She plays out her fantasy of living in a world made of cotton candy all day. However, she does not suffer from hallucinations or delusions. Sarah is displaying symptoms of _____. 

A)schizotypal personality disorder  
B)antisocial personality disorder  
C)schizoid personality disorder  
D)illness anxiety disorder

Question 61

Rajesh has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. In the manic phase, he is likely to:  

A)show excessive excitement or silliness. 
B)face a loss of physical functioning. 
C)forget past incidents of his life. 
D)display multiple personalities.

Question 62

Kyle is possessed by the thought that he might develop a severe disease due to the germs. He tries to put these disturbing thoughts out of his mind by washing his hands several times a day. Kyle demonstrates:  

A)illness anxiety disorder. 
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder. 
C)dissociative identity disorder. 
D)posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 63

Kim has a poor appetite and has lost a severe amount of weight in the past few months. She is unable to concentrate or make decisions. She no longer wants to live and wishes to die. Psychologists are most likely to diagnose Kim with _____. 

A)delusional disorder  
B)conversion disorder  
C)major depressive disorder  
D)illness anxiety disorder

Question 64

__________refer to erroneous beliefs that one is being victimized. 

A)Ideas of persecution  
B)Self-actualization drives  
C)Instances of psychomotor retardation  
D)Instances of learned helplessness

Question 65

Graham likes to collect car parts. His house is full of car parts and there is hardly any free space. It has become difficult for him to navigate around the house. He justifies his actions by saying, "You never know when you might need these." Graham is suffering from__________. 

A)dissociative disorder  
B)hoarding disorder  
C)somatoform disorder  
D)schizotypal disorder

Question 66

Flora had met with an accident a few day ago. She has forgotten everything about her life before the accident. Flora is suffering from__________. 

A)illness anxiety disorder  
B)generalized dissociative amnesia  
C)psychomotor retardation  
D)generalized anxiety disorders

Question 67

People with depersonalization-derealization disorder:  

A)complain of physical problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that they have a serious disease. 
B)experience episodes of feeling detached from themselves or feeling that the world around them is unreal. 
C)have mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression. 
D)hold persistent, clearly delusional beliefs, often involving paranoid themes.

Question 68

Jane has episodes where she cannot remember what she did or where she was. She has found clothes in her closet that does not belong to her. When she goes to see the doctor, she introduces herself as Suzy. Jane is most likely to be diagnosed with:  

A)posttraumatic stress disorder. 
B)schizotypal personality disorder. 
C)dissociative identity disorder. 
D)illness anxiety disorder.

Question 69

Katie is scared of meeting new people. She eats at her desk at work to avoid interacting with her coworkers and consistently refuses their invitations to go out for parties. Psychologists will most likely diagnose Katie with _____. 

A)acrophobia  
B)social phobia  
C)necrophobia  
D)claustrophobia

Question 70

Which of the following statements is true of somatoform disorders?  

A)Schizophrenia is a type of somatoform disorder. 
B)Tendencies toward perfectionism and rumination, which are found among many people with somatoform disorders, are thought to be at least partly heritable. 
C)Somatoform disorders are characterized by the separation of mental processes such as thoughts, emotions, identity, memory, or consciousness. 
D)Somatoform disorders are characterized by the presence of two or more personalities in one person.

Question 71

In the context of schizophrenia, people with the condition termed _____ show striking impairment in motor activity. 

A)catatonia  
B)impetigo  
C)hypogeusia  
D)hyperphagia

Question 72

In the context of depressive disorders, people who remain depressed:  

A)experience a loss of contact with reality. 
B)have more social support. 
C)have lower self-esteem. 
D)are more likely to be able to solve social problems.

Question 73

__________is a disorder that follows an upsetting event outside the range of normal human experience and that is characterized by features such as intense fear and avoidance. 

A)Posttraumatic stress disorder  
B)Dissociative identity disorder  
C)Somatoform disorder  
D)Bipolar disorder

Question 74

Excessive fear of public speaking is a common__________. 

A)social anxiety disorder  
B)hoarding disorder  
C)panic disorder  
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 75

In the context of the origins of dissociative disorders, both psychodynamic and learning theories suggest that:  

A)people with dissociative disorders are always indifferent toward bad memories. 
B)dissociative disorders help people keep disturbing memories or ideas out of mind. 
C)dissociative disorders are not culture-bound. 
D)unpleasant thoughts associated with dissociative disorder cannot be kept out of mind.

Question 76

__________is a perception in the absence of sensory stimulation that is confused with reality. 

A)Anxiety  
B)A stupor  
C)Hallucination  
D)The objective threshold

Question 77

In the context of specific phobias,__________is the fear of tight or enclosed places. 

A)xenophobia  
B)altophobia  
C)acrophobia  
D)claustrophobia

Question 78

During the Age of Reason, many health professionals, who supported the medical model, began to:  

A)discourage humane treatment to cure psychological disorders. 
B)believe that psychological disorders had biological causes but could not be cured. 
C)view psychological disorders as diseases of the mind. 
D)associate a person's life experiences with psychological disorders.

Question 79

__________is characterized largely by persistent anxiety. 

A)Schizoid personality disorder  
B)Cerebral palsy  
C)Neuroticism  
D)Dissociative amnesia

Question 80

Terry was molested by her male colleague a week ago. Since then, she has been overwhelmed with feelings of anxiety and helplessness. Her doctor refers to her condition as:  

A)hoarding disorder. 
B)panic disorder. 
C)acute stress disorder. 
D)bipolar disorder.