Deck 4: Proteins

Question 1

A gastric enzyme that coagulates the protein in milk and is produced by infants but not by adults is

A) hydrochloric acid.
B) pepsinogen.
C) trypsin.
D) rennin.

Answer 1

D
Rennin is the gastric enzyme found in the gastric juice of human infants and some young animals such as calves.Rennin is important to the infant in the digestion of milk.

Question 2

Proteins are built from simpler organic compounds called

A) indispensable amino acids.
B) amino acids.
C) fatty acids.
D) monosaccharides.

Answer 2

B
All proteins are made of building block units called amino acids.Proteins are made from both dispensable and indispensable amino acids.

Question 3

The phase of metabolism that makes growth and repair possible is

A) digestion.
B) catabolism.
C) anabolism.
D) homeostasis.

Answer 3

C
Anabolism is the metabolic process that makes growth and repair possible in the body.It is especially necessary after an illness or disease process.Anabolism also is found during periods of rapid fetal growth during pregnancy,the first year of life,lactation during breast-feeding,and adolescent growth and development into adulthood.

Question 4

Protein plays an important role in the body

A) as the first source of energy fuel.
B) in the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage.
C) as a coenzyme needed for energy utilization.
D) in defense against disease and infection.

Question 5

Pepsinogen secreted by the gastric cells is converted into pepsin by

A) food in the stomach.
B) hydrochloric acid.
C) gastric lipase.
D) pancreatic lipase.

Question 6

The primary function of protein in the diet is to supply

A) energy for growth and development.
B) insulation for vital organs.
C) material for growth and maintenance.
D) all 20 amino acids for heart maintenance.

Question 7

An animal protein that has relatively little value as a dietary protein source when eaten alone is

A) egg.
B) gelatin.
C) milk.
D) fish.

Question 8

In the diet,the greatest proportion of indispensable amino acids is provided by

A) black beans.
B) peanuts.
C) safflower oil.
D) turkey.

Question 9

A protein that contains all indispensable amino acids in the correct proportion and ratio is called

A) simple.
B) incomplete.
C) complete.
D) indispensable.

Question 10

An example of a protein-free body substance is

A) collagen.
B) hemoglobin.
C) insulin.
D) glycogen.

Question 11

A protein-digesting enzyme found in the stomach rather than in pancreatic secretions is

A) trypsin.
B) pepsin.
C) chymotrypsin.
D) carboxypeptidase.

Question 12

The element that is contained in proteins but not in carbohydrates or lipids is

A) carbon.
B) hydrogen.
C) nitrogen.
D) oxygen.

Question 13

Protein catabolism is increased in conditions such as

A) pregnancy.
B) childhood.
C) puberty.
D) illness.

Question 14

The number of kilocalories from protein in a sandwich that contains 24 g protein is _____ kcal.

A) 6
B) 96
C) 120
D) 216

Question 15

Proteins from plant sources that are classified as incomplete include

A) wheat, peanuts, and corn.
B) milk, nuts, and cheese.
C) oats, gelatin, and soybeans.
D) corn, chicken, and milk.

Question 16

The number of amino acids that are indispensable for human beings is

A) 6.
B) 9.
C) 11.
D) 14.

Question 17

Two types of protein in the body are _____ protein and _____ protein.

A) complete, incomplete
B) animal, vegetable
C) dispensable, indispensable
D) tissue, plasma

Question 18

Proteins are absorbed as

A) fatty acids.
B) disaccharides.
C) amino acids.
D) polypeptides.

Question 19

After a piece of grilled chicken is digested by the mouth and stomach,it eventually reaches the small intestine,where it is digested by the following enzymes secreted by the pancreas:

A) chymotrypsin, trypsin, and carboxypeptidase
B) chymotrypsin, pepsin, and trypsin
C) sucrase, pepsin, and carboxypeptidase
D) lactase, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase

Question 20

The enzyme trypsin is activated by the enzyme

A) zymogen.
B) bile.
C) gastrin.
D) enterokinase.

Question 21

Of the following,the food with the highest quality protein is

A) an omelet with cheese, whole wheat toast, and orange juice.
B) stir fry with chicken, green beans, and carrots.
C) stuffed turkey breast, peas, and baked potato.
D) a bean burrito, corn on the cob, and tomato salad.

Question 22

If the excretion of nitrogen exceeds the nitrogen intake,the condition is called

A) total nitrogen balance.
B) positive nitrogen balance.
C) negative nitrogen balance.
D) anabolism.

Question 23

The enzymes aminopeptidase and dipeptidase are secreted by the

A) mouth.
B) stomach.
C) small intestine.
D) pancreas.

Question 24

In the mouth,protein foods are

A) broken down to amino acids.
B) broken up mechanically by chewing.
C) broken down to peptides.
D) coagulated by rennin.

Question 25

A client weighs 130 lbs.She is close to desirable body weight and consumes a total of 40 grams of protein/day.The most appropriate nutritional counseling would be to

A) increase protein intake.
B) maintain current protein intake.
C) decrease protein intake.
D) increase use of complementary proteins.

Question 26

Which of the following conditions might result in the greatest catabolism?

A) growth
B) multiple trauma with extensive organ damage
C) rehabilitation after routine gallbladder surgery
D) healing a broken bone in the arm

Question 27

The grams of high-quality protein required daily for an individual who weighs 170 lb and is close to ideal body weight would be _____g.

A) 45.2
B) 55.3
C) 61.8
D) 94.0

Question 28

Complementary proteins

A) provide higher quality protein when eaten together.
B) enhance each other's metabolic actions.
C) are more easily absorbed.
D) taste good together.

Question 29

In planning a vegetarian meal,an appropriate combination of complementary proteins would be

A) cornmeal tamales and beans.
B) lentils and beans.
C) bean sprouts and cabbage.
D) whole wheat and rice.