Deck 13: Motivating Employees

Question 1

Two individuals deficient in the same physiological need will fulfill that need in the same manner.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The achievement-power-affiliation approach to motivation was developed by David C.McClelland.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to Frederick W.Taylor,the output of highly productive employees will not change when they discover they are being compensated basically the same as less productive employees.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The motivation-hygiene approach contends that motivation comes from the manager and not from the individual.

Question 5

Arbitrary administration of organizational policies affect safety needs.

Question 6

All organizational efforts to motivate employees for improved performance are fostered by trust in management.

Question 7

The need for achievement is a need to be liked by others.

Question 8

The need for power is basically a concern for influencing people by being strong and influential.

Question 9

The strength of a person's needs remains constant irrespective of the situation.

Question 10

Job enrichment involves an upgrading of the job by adding motivator factors.

Question 11

In motivation,motives are independent of needs.

Question 12

During bad economic times,physiological and safety needs tend to dominate an individual's behavior.

Question 13

A motive is a stimulus that leads to an action that satisfies the need.

Question 14

Job enlargement is the practice of periodically rotating job assignments.

Question 15

In motivation,adequacies produce motives,which lead to the accomplishment of goals.

Question 16

The scientific management approach to motivation is based on the assumption that appreciation is the primary motivator of employees.

Question 17

Motivation is concerned with what activates human behavior.

Question 18

Taylor's scientific management approach had one rate of pay for units produced up to the standard of performance.

Question 19

Understanding the motivation sequence in itself helps the manager determine what motivates an employee.

Question 20

The development of the two-factor approach involved extensive interviews using the critical incident method.

Question 21

Which of the following needs are concerned with protection against deprivation?

A) Esteem needs
B) Social needs
C) Physiological needs
D) Self-actualization needs
E) Safety needs

Question 22

Which of the following plans makes Taylor's system of rewarding highly productive employees unique?

A) One rate of pay for units produced up to the standard
B) High rate of pay for units produced up to the standard
C) Low rate of pay for units produced below the standard
D) Variable rates of pay for units produced up to the standard
E) Zero pay for units that are not produced up to the minimum standard

Question 23

Job satisfaction refers to the individual's mental set about the job.

Question 24

Valence refers to the employee's belief about the value of the rewards.

Question 25

Organizational morale refers to an individual's feeling of being accepted by a group of employees through common goals,and progress toward these goals.

Question 26

Which of the following arouses uncertainty and therefore affects the safety needs?

A) Favoritism
B) Power
C) Health
D) Body needs
E) Acceptance of reality

Question 27

The current emphasis on the use of reinforcement theory in management practices is concerned with positive reinforcement.

Question 28

Equity theory is based on the idea that people want to be treated fairly in relationship to others.

Question 29

Equity theory postulates that the presence of inequity in a person is a motivation to achieve equity or reduce inequity.

Question 30

Which of the following assumptions is true about the hierarchy of needs?

A) Individuals are motivated to satisfy a number of requirements.
B) Money is the primary motivator of employees.
C) Money can directly or indirectly satisfy all of an individual's needs.
D) The strength of a person's needs remains constant under varying situations.
E) Employees are motivated by favorable company policies and administration.

Question 31

In motivation,_____ produce motives,which lead to the accomplishment of goals.

A) impulses
B) inputs
C) needs
D) adequacies
E) actions

Question 32

Job satisfaction is related to group attitudes.

Question 33

Satisfaction and motivation are synonymous.

Question 34

The _____ is based on the assumption that individuals are motivated to satisfy a number of basic requirements and that money can directly or indirectly satisfy only some of these requirements.

A) quality circle model
B) two-factor theory
C) hierarchy of needs
D) behavioral model
E) bell curve model

Question 35

According to the equity approach to job motivation,inputs are the tangible and intangible rewards that an employee receives from the organization.

Question 36

A(n)_____ need is satisfied by acceptance into meaningful groups of individuals.

A) physiological
B) esteem
C) safety
D) social
E) self-actualization

Question 37

Positive reinforcement involves giving a person the opportunity to avoid a negative consequence by exhibiting a desired behavior.

Question 38

Orderly and neat surroundings are considered part of the _____ needs.

A) self-actualization
B) esteem
C) social
D) safety
E) physiological

Question 39

Taylor designed a system whereby an employee was compensated according to his or her _____.

A) educational background
B) individual production
C) leadership quality
D) team effort
E) seniority

Question 40

The scientific management approach to motivation is based on the assumption that _____ is the primary motivator of employees.

A) money
B) self-satisfaction
C) recognition
D) power
E) responsibility

Question 41

According to Herzberg's two-factor approach to motivation,which of the following is a hygiene factor?

A) Achievement
B) Recognition
C) Challenging work
D) Increased responsibility
E) Interpersonal relations

Question 42

_____ refers to the employee's belief about the value of the rewards.

A) Expectancy
B) Instrumentality
C) Autonomy
D) Valence
E) Reinforcement

Question 43

Need hierarchy is based largely on the work of _____.

A) Abraham Maslow
B) David McClelland
C) Frederick Taylor
D) Douglas McGregor
E) Frederick Herzberg

Question 44

Which of the following is true about the motivation-maintenance approach?

A) Hygiene factors produce motivation.
B) It contends that motivation comes from the manager.
C) Motivators along with maintenance factors provide true motivation.
D) It was developed by Abraham Maslow.
E) Hygiene factors include recognition, achievement, and responsibility.

Question 45

_____ is an approach to work motivation that associates factors of high-low motivation with either the work environment or the work itself.

A) Reinforcement approach
B) Motivation maintenance
C) Achievement-power-affiliation approach
D) Hierarchy of needs
E) Motivation crowding theory

Question 46

Which of the following needs influence the development of various kinds of relationships based on adequacy and independence?

A) Physical needs
B) Social needs
C) Esteem needs
D) Safety needs
E) Cognitive needs

Question 47

The achievement-power-affiliation approach to motivation was developed by _____.

A) Abraham Maslow
B) David C. McClelland
C) Frederick W. Taylor
D) Douglas McGregor
E) Frederick Herzberg

Question 48

According to Herzberg's two-factor approach to motivation,which of the following is a motivator?

A) Salary
B) Company policy
C) Recognition
D) Personal life
E) Working conditions

Question 49

The _____ approach to motivation is based on the idea that employee beliefs about the relationship between effort and outcomes determine their level of motivation.

A) expectancy
B) motivation-maintenance
C) hierarchy of needs
D) two-factor
E) achievement-power-affiliation

Question 50

According to the expectancy approach to motivation,instrumentality refers to an employee's _____.

A) belief about the value of rewards
B) belief that effort will lead to the desired level of performance
C) belief that attaining the desired level of performance will lead to rewards
D) general attitude about the job
E) feeling of being accepted by a group of employees through common goals

Question 51

According to Maslow's needs hierarchy,_____ needs form the lowest-order needs.

A) self-actualization
B) esteem
C) safety
D) physiological
E) social

Question 52

Self-actualization needs include _____.

A) feeling of belonging
B) exercise and rest
C) assurance of long-term economic well-being
D) doing things for the challenge of accomplishment
E) group participation

Question 53

_____ involves an upgrading of the job by adding motivator factors.

A) Job sharing
B) Job enrichment
C) Job enlargement
D) Job analysis
E) Job rotation

Question 54

The motivation approach developed by David C.McClelland focuses on the _____.

A) need to achieve
B) need for comfort
C) need for safety
D) need to satisfy one's ego
E) need for negative reinforcement

Question 55

_____ involves giving an employee more of a similar type of operation to perform.

A) Job enlargement
B) Job rotation
C) Job enrichment
D) Job upgradation
E) Job sharing

Question 56

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs,_____ needs are the highest-order needs.

A) esteem
B) self-actualization
C) social
D) physiological
E) safety

Question 57

According to McClelland's approach to motivation,an employee with a high need for _____ would likely respond positively to increased responsibility.

A) acceptance
B) safety
C) belonging
D) esteem
E) achievement

Question 58

According to the two-factor approach to motivation,which of the following factors can prevent motivation from occurring?

A) Company administration
B) Challenging work
C) Increase in responsibility
D) Opportunities for personal growth
E) Achievement

Question 59

Competence and success are identified as _____ needs.

A) safety
B) esteem
C) physiological
D) social
E) self-actualization

Question 60

The need for _____ is never completely satisfied.

A) affiliation
B) security
C) power
D) esteem
E) self-actualization

Question 61

_____ refers to the consequences of an individual's behavior.

A) Expectancy
B) Instrumentality
C) Uncertainty
D) Valence
E) Reinforcement

Question 62

How can reinforcement be used effectively?

Question 63

List some of the environmental and motivator factors from Herzberg's two-factor approach to motivation.

Question 64

Outline the influence of the organization's practices and management on each component of the expectancy approach.

Question 65

Equity theory is based on the idea that _____.

A) people want to be treated fairly in relationship to others
B) consequences of a person's present behavior influence his or her future behavior
C) employee beliefs about the relationship between effort and outcome determine their level of motivation
D) money is the primary motivator for employees
E) individuals are motivated to satisfy only the lower-order needs

Question 66

Which of the following is true of the satisfaction-motivation relationship?

A) Satisfaction and motivation are synonymous.
B) Satisfaction is a drive to perform, whereas motivation reflects a person's attitude with the situation.
C) Satisfaction is determined largely by the value of rewards for performance, whereas motivation is determined by the comfort offered by the situation.
D) The result of satisfaction is increased performance, whereas the result of motivation is increased commitment to the organization.
E) The factors that determine whether a person is satisfied with the job differ from those that determine whether the person is motivated.

Question 67

Which of the following defines negative reinforcement?

A) Providing a positive consequence as a result of desired behavior
B) Giving the opportunity to avoid a negative consequence by exhibiting a desired behavior
C) Providing negative consequence as a result of undesirable behavior
D) Removing previously provided positive consequence as a result of undesirable behavior
E) Providing no positive consequence as a result of undesired behavior

Question 68

Outline the levels of Maslow's needs hierarchy from the higher-order to the lower-order needs.

Question 69

Extinction is defined as _____.

A) providing a positive consequence as a result of desired behavior
B) giving a person the opportunity to avoid a negative consequence
C) removing previously provided positive consequences as a result of undesirable behavior
D) providing a negative consequence as a result of undesired behavior
E) giving a person the chance to seek positive consequence by exhibiting desired behavior

Question 70

The equity approach to job motivation is based on the work of _____.

A) J. Stacey Adams
B) B. F. Skinner
C) Victor Vroom
D) Frederick Herzberg
E) David McClelland

Question 71

How are today's organizations applying the logic of Maslow's needs hierarchy?

Question 72

Discuss the factors that influence a person's level of job satisfaction.

Question 73

Which of the following will a person do to reduce inequity?

A) Accept negative consequences as a result of undesired behavior
B) Increase inputs if they are high relative to the other person's inputs and to his own outcomes
C) Compare himself to the same "comparison other"
D) Request a pay increase
E) Request for less work

Question 74

What are the steps involved in the use of positive reinforcement?

Question 75

What actions should a person take to reduce inequity?

Question 76

Outline the determinants of employee satisfaction and dissatisfaction.

Question 77

Which of the following is a suggestion for the effective use of reinforcement?

A) The consequences of a person's behavior must be less than the desired behavior.
B) All people should be rewarded the same irrespective of their levels of performance.
C) Managers should only give positive feedback.
D) Reprimands should be issued in front of others.
E) A person must be told what can be done to be reinforced.

Question 78

Describe avoidance,extinction,and punishment in the context of the reinforcement approach to motivation.

Question 79

The general idea behind the reinforcement approach is that _____.

A) an employee's level of motivation depends on three basic beliefs: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence
B) the consequences of a person's present behavior influence his or her future behavior
C) employee beliefs about the relationship between effort and outcomes determine their level of motivation
D) motivation comes from the individual, not from the manager
E) money can directly or indirectly satisfy all of an individual's needs

Question 80

Which of the following is characteristic of job satisfaction?

A) It is a person's feeling of being accepted by a group of employees through common goals.
B) It is independent of an individual's political and social activities.
C) It is related to group attitudes.
D) It refers to the individual's mental set about the job.
E) It is synonymous with organizational morale.