Deck 14: Juvenile Justice

Question 1

__________ have not been very useful in the study of juvenile delinquency.This is because most delinquent acts are victimless crimes

A)Uniform Crime Reports
B)Self-reports
C)Victimization surveys
D)Incident-based reporting programs

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A juvenile's __________ is similar to an adult's trial.

A)custody
B)detention
C)adjudication
D)disposition

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A __________ is a short-term facility that screens sentenced juveniles for assignment to an appropriate level of custody.

A)detention center
B)shelter
C)reception/diagnostic center
D)group home

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A constitutional provision that a person cannot be criminally prosecuted twice for the same offense is referred to as __________.

A)dual peril
B)double trouble
C)double jeopardy
D)dual threat

Question 5

The view that juvenile law violations are a sign that parents cannot or will not take care of their child adequately and that it is up to the state to step in and act in his or her best interests,thus preventing future misbehavior is called __________.

A)mens rea
B)parens patriae
C)actus reus
D)in loco parentis

Question 6

A __________ is a short-term secure facility that holds juveniles awaiting adjudication,disposition,or placement in an institution.

A)detention center
B)shelter
C)reception/diagnostic center
D)group home

Question 7

The emphasis of the justice process was changed from deterrence and incapacitation to __________,in order to assist,rather than punish,the juvenile.

A)due process
B)rehabilitation
C)punishment
D)retribution

Question 8

A _________ is a short-term non-secure facility that operates like a detention center but within a physically unrestricted environment.

A)detention center
B)shelter
C)reception/diagnostic center
D)group home

Question 9

A __________ is a long-term non-secure facility that allows juveniles to attend school and maintain employment in the community.

A)detention center
B)shelter
C)reception/diagnostic center
D)group home

Question 10

Secure facilities are characterized by __________ and the movement of juveniles within the institution is monitored closely.

A)locks
B)bars
C)fences
D)All of the above

Question 11

__________ are an alternative way to measure the extent of delinquency.In these studies,a sample of juveniles are asked to indicate the types and numbers of crimes they have committed in the past (whether or not they were caught);the information is kept confidential.

A)Uniform Crime Reports
B)Self-reports
C)Victimization surveys
D)Incident-based reporting programs

Question 12

The Supreme Court's decision in the In re Winship case was not unanimous,however,because of differing views regarding the philosophy and purpose of the juvenile court.Justice Harlan,for example,hoped that the higher burden of proof would not impede the rehabilitative functions of the juvenile court.He hoped that procedural constraints in juvenile court hearings would not __________.

A)interfere with the worthy goal of rehabilitating the juvenile
B)make any significant difference in the extent to which a youth is stigmatized as a 'criminal' because he has been found to be a delinquent
C)burden the juvenile courts with a procedural requirement that will make juvenile adjudications significantly more time consuming,or rigid
D)All of the above

Question 13

__________ are undesirable behaviors that are unlawful only for juveniles,including habitual truancy,curfew violations,repeated running away,and ungovernability or incorrigibility in failing to respond to the reasonable requests of parents.

A)misdemeanors
B)felonies
C)status offenses
D)criminal acts

Question 14

A juvenile is typically held in __________ whereas an adult is typically held in a jail.

A)custody
B)detention
C)adjudication
D)disposition

Question 15

A juvenile's __________,or apprehension,is similar to an adult's arrest.

A)custody
B)detention
C)adjudication
D)disposition

Question 16

A juvenile's __________ is similar to an adult's sentence.

A)custody
B)detention
C)adjudication
D)disposition

Question 17

Most cases requiring court interpretation of the Amendment deal with police searches.

A)Fourth
B)Fifth
C)Sixth
D)Eighth

Question 18

Using self-report surveys,males were found to engage in such offenses as _________ only twice as often as females.

A)joyriding
B)alcohol use
C)truancy
D)All of the above

Question 19

A criminal act committed by a person under the age of majority is called __________.

A)delinquency
B)immorality
C)decency
D)uprightness

Question 20

The typical juvenile delinquent is serving time for a __________ crime.

A)violent
B)property
C)public order
D)drug

Question 21

"___________" from juvenile to adult court are often based entirely on the nature of the crime charged.If the crime is serious enough,juveniles are very likely to be tried and punished as adults,regardless of the juvenile's age.

A)Waivers
B)Statutes
C)Regulations
D)Sentences

Question 22

In order to reduce the number of such serious delinquents as these,action must be taken to address the conditions in which they live.These juveniles have problems that began long before their delinquency that involved __________.

A)bad family situations
B)school problems
C)drug problems
D)All of the above

Question 23

The disposition hearing in juvenile court is analogous to a sentencing hearing in criminal court.It is here that the judge determines the best way to resolve the case.

Question 24

A training school is a long-term secure facility for adjudicated juveniles.

Question 25

The use of the death penalty for juveniles was clarified in 2005 in Roper v.Simmons,when the Supreme Court held that the Eighth Amendment prohibits imposition of the death penalty for crimes committed when offenders are under eighteen years of age.

Question 26

A ranch,forestry camp,or farm is a long-term non-secure setting for juvenile offenders.

Question 27

Despite the overall decline in the number of juveniles taken into custody,an increasing proportion of juvenile suspects are being handled more severely.

Question 28

The range of behaviors that are considered status offenses varies greatly among the states.

Question 29

A _________ is a short-term non-secure facility that operates like a detention center but within a physically unrestricted environment.

Question 30

The philosophy of parens patriae meant that the state should not punish children for their criminal behavior but instead should try to help them control themselves and prevent future criminality.

Question 31

Arrests are not an accurate indicator of actual crime rates;arrests are a better measure of police activity than of criminal activity.

Question 32

The adjudication process for juveniles is a less complicated than it is for adults because a juvenile can be dealt with in less ways than an adult.

Question 33

A __________ is a short-term facility that screens sentenced juveniles for assignment to an appropriate level of custody.

Question 34

A __________ is a short-term secure facility that holds juveniles awaiting adjudication,disposition,or placement in an institution.

Question 35

Far more girls than boys are arrested for delinquency,although their numbers are declining slowly.

Question 36

It is evident from the data that older juveniles are arrested significantly less often than younger juveniles.

Question 37

The purpose of juvenile justice,therefore,is to correct the way young people respond to those influences,rather than to punish them.

Question 38

The establishment of juvenile courts corresponded with the rise of a philosophy known as 'essentialism',which saw crimes as the product of external influences rather than free will.

Question 39

A decreasing number of delinquents are being placed in institutions or other residential facilities for juveniles.

Question 40

Self-report studies have shown that juveniles most often commit crimes that involve voluntary participation by the victim and the offender,such as drug use,fornication,gambling,alcohol use,and prostitution.

Question 41

__________ are undesirable behaviors that are unlawful only for juveniles,including habitual truancy,curfew violations,repeated running away,and ungovernability or incorrigibility in failing to respond to the reasonable requests of parents.

Question 42

A constitutional provision that a person cannot be criminally prosecuted twice for the same offense is called __________.

Question 43

What factors do you think are involved in juvenile recidivism? Please describe and explain.

Question 44

A __________ is a long-term non-secure facility that allows juveniles to attend school and maintain employment in the community.

Question 45

The juvenile court system is based on an unrealistic assumption: that age is an appropriate indicator of adult behavior.What is a more realistic assumption? What should we do?

Question 46

Searches of students in public schools are justified when there are "__________" that evidence will be found of violations of law or school rules.

Question 47

Comparisons of self-report surveys and official statistics provide information about the types of juveniles who engage in delinquency.Although official statistics indicate that males engage in delinquency at a rate of four to eight times that of females,self-reports have shown the actual rate of male offenses to be only about twice the female rate (depending on the crime).Why do you think this disparity exists?

Question 48

A __________ long-term non-secure setting for adjudicated juveniles.

Question 49

A _________ is a secure facility for adjudicated juveniles.

Question 50

What problems arise when juveniles commit 'adult' crimes? Please describe and explain.

Question 51

A criminal act committed by a person under the age of majority is referred to as __________.

Question 52

Despite the overall decline in the number of juveniles taken into custody,an increasing proportion of juvenile suspects are being handled more severely.Please explain both (a)why and (b)how.