Deck 3: Criminal Law and the Criminal Justice Process

Question

The term __________ refers to the fundamental principles of a society that guide the enactment of specific laws and the application of those laws by courts.

A)constitutions
B)statutes
C)ordinances
D)precendents

Use Space or

to flip the card.

Question

A(n)__________ is a formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

A)arraignment
B)information
C)indictment
D)acquittal

Question

A(n)__________ is a written notice to appear in court.

A)warrant
B)arrest
C)booking
D)summons

Question

The term __________ refers to the formal rules designed to maintain social control.

A)civil law
B)criminal law
C)case law
D)common law

Question

The term __________ refer to previous court decisions that are followed in current cases to ensure consistency in the application of the law.

A)constitutions
B)statutes
C)ordinances
D)precendents

Question

Specific laws passed by legislatures that prohibit or mandate certain acts are called __________.

A)constitutions
B)statutes
C)ordinances
D)precendents

Question

The term ___________ refers to conscious purposiveness in conduct;a factor in the determination of criminal responsibility.

A)intention
B)duress
C)necessity
D)entrapment

Question

A(n)__________ is a sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case;it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers' assessment of the facts.

A)warrant
B)arrest
C)booking
D)summons

Question

A defense designed to prevent the government from manufacturing crime by setting traps for unwary citizens.

A)intention
B)duress
C)necessity
D)entrapment

Question

A(n)__________ is a finding after trial of not guilty

A)arraignment
B)information
C)indictment
D)acquittal

Question

The term __________ refers to the formal rules that regulate disputes between private parties.

A)civil law
B)criminal law
C)case law
D)common law

Question

The judicial application and interpretation of law as it applies in a given case is called __________.

A)civil law
B)criminal law
C)case law
D)common law

Question

A(n)__________ refers to the process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

A)warrant
B)arrest
C)booking
D)summons

Question

A(n)__________ is a hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

A)arraignment
B)information
C)indictment
D)acquittal

Question

A defense in which a person claims to have engaged in otherwise criminal behavior because of the forces of nature is called __________.

A)intention
B)duress
C)necessity
D)entrapment

Question

A defense in which a person claims to have engaged in criminal conduct because of a threat of immediate and serious bodily harm by another person.

A)intention
B)duress
C)necessity
D)entrapment

Question

A(n)__________ is a formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

A)arraignment
B)information
C)indictment
D)acquittal

Question

Laws that apply to a specific county,city,or town are called ___________.

A)constitutions
B)statutes
C)ordinances
D)precendents

Question

The term __________ refers to a procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

A)warrant
B)arrest
C)booking
D)summons

Question

The term ___________ refers to the body of unrecorded decisions made by English judges in the Middle Ages,reflecting the values,customs,and beliefs of the period.

A)civil law
B)criminal law
C)case law
D)common law

Question

___________ are of three types: self-defense,defense of others,and defense of property.

A)Defense related to mental illness
B)Defense involving force
C)Defense involving justification or excuse.
D)Defense involving a crime of passion

Question

'Procedural law' is a law defining the specific behaviors prohibited under the criminal law.

Question

A defense based on the claim that the defendant was not sane at the time of the act is referred to as a ____________.

A)defense related to mental illness
B)defense involving force
C)defense involving justification or excuse.
D)defense involving a crime of passion

Question

The 'criminal justice system' involves more than 55,000 government agencies in the United States that deal with aspects of crime,including criminal law enforcement,the courts,and corrections.

Question

(A[n])__________ is set at the initial appearance in order to ensure that the arrestee will appear in court for trial.

A)Plea
B)Bail
C)Arraignment
D)Information

Question

In certain cases defendants admit to unlawful conduct but claim that an overriding rationalization or explanation makes their actions lawful.Five defenses involving __________ are duress,necessity,mistake of fact,ignorance of law,and entrapment.

A)defense related to mental illness
B)defense involving force
C)defense involving justification or excuse.
D)defense involving a crime of passion

Question

The ______ Amendment of the United States Constitution provides protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.

A)Fourth
B)Fifth
C)Eighth
D)Fourteenth

Question

___________ law is a very important part of the criminal justice process,because it specifies how people accused of crimes will be treated.

A)Criminal
B)Civil
C)Procedural
D)Juvenile

Question

The 'conflict view' is the view that law reflects society's consensus regarding behavior that is harmful enough to warrant government intervention.

Question

If the crime charged is within the jurisdiction of a municipal court,the arrestee may also be asked to make a(n)__________,a statement of innocence or guilt,at the initial appearance.

A)plea
B)bail
C)arraignment
D)information

Question

The criminal (penal)code is a compilation of all the criminal laws of a jurisdiction.

Question

The ______ Amendment of the United States Constitution states that a person shall not be compelled to be a witness against oneself.

A)Fourth
B)Fifth
C)Eighth
D)Fourteenth

Question

A(n)__________ is a hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

A)plea
B)bail
C)arraignment
D)information

Question

The term __________ refers to the 'guilty mind' or conscious decision to commit a criminal act.

A)mens rea
B)actus reus
C)concurrence/causal link
D)liability

Question

'Substantive criminal law' refers to the rule for adjudication of individuals suspected of violating the law.

Question

The ______ Amendment of the United States Constitution states that cruel and unusual punishments shall not be inflicted.

A)Fourth
B)Fifth
C)Eighth
D)Fourteenth

Question

A(n)__________ is a formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

A)plea
B)bail
C)arraignment
D)information

Question

The term __________ means that in order for a crime to occur,there must be a association between the act and the harm that results.

A)mens rea
B)actus reus
C)concurrence/causal link
D)liability

Question

'Due process' refers to a legal protection included in the U.S.Constitution that guarantees all citizens the right to be adjudicated under established law and legal procedures.

Question

The term __________ refers to the behavior that must be committed to meet the definition of a crime.

A)mens rea
B)actus reus
C)concurrence/causal link
D)liability

Question

A defense in which a defendant claims that a law is not widely known and that the person could not have been expected to be aware of it.

Question

'Battered woman syndrome' is an ongoing pattern of severe physical abuse that constitutes a continual threat of harm

Question

A defense in which a person claims that honest ignorance rules out the presence of a 'guilty mind' is called __________.

Question

____________ is a condition in which a person has the opportunity to exercise control over an object.

Question

The term 'jurisdiction' refers to the authority of a state,county,or city to apply its own laws within its own territory.

Question

The term actus reus refers to the 'guilty mind' or conscious decision to commit a criminal act.

Question

The Bill of Rights includes the first ten amendments to the Constitution―details many of the requirements for adjudication,such as arrests,warrants,searches,trials,lawyers,punishment,and other important aspects of criminal procedure.

Question

The term __________ refers to a legal protection included in the U.S.Constitution that guarantees all citizens the right to be adjudicated under established law and legal procedures.

Question

The term 'constructive possession' refers to a condition in which a person has exclusive control over an object.

Question

The __________ involves the more than 55,000 government agencies in the United States that deal with aspects of crime,including criminal law enforcement,the courts,and corrections.

Question

An 'insanity defense' is a claim that the defendant was not sane under law at the time of the act.

Question

The term mens rea refers to the behavior that must be committed to meet the definition of a crime.

Question

'Actual possession' refers to a condition in which a person has the opportunity to exercise control over and object.

Question

___________ refers to a condition in which a person has exclusive control over an object.

Question

The term __________ refers to an ongoing pattern of severe physical abuse that constitutes a continual threat of harm

Question

The term __________ refers to establishing the presence of the elements of a crime in a given case,thereby subjecting the accused person to criminal penalties.

Question

A ___________ refers to an investigation by the probation department that seeks information regarding the offender's personal and social background,criminal record,and any other information that may help the judge match the sentence to the offender.

Question

The 'consensus view' is the view that an act becomes a crime only when it serves the interests of those in positions of power.

Question

A(n)__________ refers to a claim that the defendant was not sane under law at the time of the act.

Question

How can mistake of fact serve as a defense if it neutralizes the "guilty mind" required for the commission of a crime.?

Question

Mental illness can play a role in a criminal case in more than one way.Please explain and describe these ways.

Question

What is the difference between mens rea and actus reus? How are these both related?

Question

Pit bulls,a breed of dog,were involved in several attacks on humans in recent years.Although accurate statistics do not exist,this type of dog is said to be especially aggressive and has a particularly harmful bite.Some localities have proposed ordinances that single out pit bulls for special licensing,registration,or banning.Others have sought to label them as a "vicious breed," requiring that when on the street or in other public places pit bulls must be muzzled and kept on a 6-foot chain with a 300-pound tensile strength.Some regulations would require owners of these dogs to carry liability insurance
in the amount of $100,000.Do you think that such ordinances violate the principles of due process set forth in the Constitution,or do they effectively balance the interests of all those involved-pit bull owners and those who might be bitten?

Question

In the 1990s Dr.Jack Kevorkian claimed to have provided deadly drugs to 130 terminally ill patients.His work has been alternately called "assisted suicide" and "murder." Many people believe that provision of these drugs allows for "death with dignity." Others believe Kevorkian is "playing God" and has no right to provide people with the means to hasten their death.What do you think? Should he have served time (as he did)for providing these drugs to terminally ill individuals? Why or why not?

Question

Match between columns

ignorance of law

A standard under which persons are culpable for their actions if they understand the consequences of those actions.

ignorance of law

A defense in which a person claims that honest ignorance rules out the presence of a ‘guilty mind’.

ignorance of law

A defense in which a defendant claims that a law is not widely known and that the person could not have been expected to be aware of it.

mistake of fact

A standard under which persons are culpable for their actions if they understand the consequences of those actions.

mistake of fact

A defense in which a person claims that honest ignorance rules out the presence of a ‘guilty mind’.

mistake of fact

A defense in which a defendant claims that a law is not widely known and that the person could not have been expected to be aware of it.

reasonableness standard

A standard under which persons are culpable for their actions if they understand the consequences of those actions.

reasonableness standard

A defense in which a person claims that honest ignorance rules out the presence of a ‘guilty mind’.

reasonableness standard

A defense in which a defendant claims that a law is not widely known and that the person could not have been expected to be aware of it.

Question

Match between columns

acquittal

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

acquittal

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

acquittal

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

acquittal

A written notice to appear in court.

acquittal

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

acquittal

A statement of innocence or guilt.

acquittal

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

acquittal

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

acquittal

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

acquittal

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

acquittal

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

acquittal

A finding after trial of not guilty.

acquittal

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

acquittal

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

acquittal

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

acquittal

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

acquittal

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

acquittal

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

plea

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

plea

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

plea

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

plea

A written notice to appear in court.

plea

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

plea

A statement of innocence or guilt.

plea

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

plea

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

plea

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

plea

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

plea

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

plea

A finding after trial of not guilty.

plea

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

plea

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

plea

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

plea

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

plea

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

plea

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

conviction

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

conviction

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

conviction

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

conviction

A written notice to appear in court.

conviction

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

conviction

A statement of innocence or guilt.

conviction

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

conviction

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

conviction

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

conviction

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

conviction

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

conviction

A finding after trial of not guilty.

conviction

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

conviction

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

conviction

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

conviction

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

conviction

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

conviction

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

booking

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

booking

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

booking

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

booking

A written notice to appear in court.

booking

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

booking

A statement of innocence or guilt.

booking

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

booking

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

booking

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

booking

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

booking

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

booking

A finding after trial of not guilty.

booking

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

booking

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

booking

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

booking

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

booking

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

booking

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

parole

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

parole

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

parole

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

parole

A written notice to appear in court.

parole

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

parole

A statement of innocence or guilt.

parole

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

parole

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

parole

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

parole

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

parole

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

parole

A finding after trial of not guilty.

parole

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

parole

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

parole

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

parole

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

parole

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

parole

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

bench trial

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

bench trial

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

bench trial

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

bench trial

A written notice to appear in court.

bench trial

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

bench trial

A statement of innocence or guilt.

bench trial

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

bench trial

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

bench trial

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

bench trial

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

bench trial

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

bench trial

A finding after trial of not guilty.

bench trial

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

bench trial

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

bench trial

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

bench trial

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

bench trial

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

bench trial

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

indictment

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

indictment

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

indictment

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

indictment

A written notice to appear in court.

indictment

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

indictment

A statement of innocence or guilt.

indictment

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

indictment

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

indictment

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

indictment

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

indictment

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

indictment

A finding after trial of not guilty.

indictment

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

indictment

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

indictment

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

indictment

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

indictment

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

indictment

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

warrant

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

warrant

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

warrant

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

warrant

A written notice to appear in court.

warrant

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

warrant

A statement of innocence or guilt.

warrant

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

warrant

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

warrant

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

warrant

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

warrant

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

warrant

A finding after trial of not guilty.

warrant

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

warrant

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

warrant

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

warrant

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

warrant

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

warrant

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

sentencing

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

sentencing

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

sentencing

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

sentencing

A written notice to appear in court.

sentencing

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

sentencing

A statement of innocence or guilt.

sentencing

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

sentencing

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

sentencing

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

sentencing

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

sentencing

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

sentencing

A finding after trial of not guilty.

sentencing

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

sentencing

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

sentencing

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

sentencing

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

sentencing

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

sentencing

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

arrest

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

arrest

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

arrest

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

arrest

A written notice to appear in court.

arrest

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

arrest

A statement of innocence or guilt.

arrest

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

arrest

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

arrest

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

arrest

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

arrest

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

arrest

A finding after trial of not guilty.

arrest

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

arrest

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

arrest

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

arrest

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

arrest

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

arrest

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

summons

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

summons

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

summons

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

summons

A written notice to appear in court.

summons

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

summons

A statement of innocence or guilt.

summons

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

summons

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

summons

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

summons

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

summons

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

summons

A finding after trial of not guilty.

summons

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

summons

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

summons

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

summons

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

summons

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

summons

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

arraignment

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

arraignment

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

arraignment

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

arraignment

A written notice to appear in court.

arraignment

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

arraignment

A statement of innocence or guilt.

arraignment

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

arraignment

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

arraignment

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

arraignment

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

arraignment

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

arraignment

A finding after trial of not guilty.

arraignment

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

arraignment

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

arraignment

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

arraignment

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

arraignment

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

arraignment

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

mistrial

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

mistrial

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

mistrial

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

mistrial

A written notice to appear in court.

mistrial

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

mistrial

A statement of innocence or guilt.

mistrial

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

mistrial

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

mistrial

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

mistrial

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

mistrial

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

mistrial

A finding after trial of not guilty.

mistrial

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

mistrial

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

mistrial

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

mistrial

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

mistrial

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

mistrial

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

jury trial

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

jury trial

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

jury trial

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

jury trial

A written notice to appear in court.

jury trial

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

jury trial

A statement of innocence or guilt.

jury trial

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

jury trial

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

jury trial

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

jury trial

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

jury trial

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

jury trial

A finding after trial of not guilty.

jury trial

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

jury trial

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

jury trial

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

jury trial

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

jury trial

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

jury trial

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

bail

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

bail

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

bail

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

bail

A written notice to appear in court.

bail

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

bail

A statement of innocence or guilt.

bail

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

bail

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

bail

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

bail

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

bail

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

bail

A finding after trial of not guilty.

bail

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

bail

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

bail

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

bail

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

bail

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

bail

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

incarceration

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

incarceration

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

incarceration

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

incarceration

A written notice to appear in court.

incarceration

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

incarceration

A statement of innocence or guilt.

incarceration

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

incarceration

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

incarceration

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

incarceration

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

incarceration

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

incarceration

A finding after trial of not guilty.

incarceration

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

incarceration

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

incarceration

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

incarceration

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

incarceration

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

incarceration

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

information

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

information

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

information

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

information

A written notice to appear in court.

information

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

information

A statement of innocence or guilt.

information

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

information

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

information

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

information

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

information

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

information

A finding after trial of not guilty.

information

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

information

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

information

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

information

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

information

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

information

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

appeal

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

appeal

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

appeal

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

appeal

A written notice to appear in court.

appeal

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

appeal

A statement of innocence or guilt.

appeal

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

appeal

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

appeal

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

appeal

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

appeal

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

appeal

A finding after trial of not guilty.

appeal

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

appeal

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

appeal

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

appeal

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

appeal

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

appeal

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

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Deck 3: Criminal Law and the Criminal Justice Process

The term __________ refers to the fundamental principles of a society that guide the enactment of specific laws and the application of those laws by courts.

A)constitutions
B)statutes
C)ordinances
D)precendents

A(n)__________ is a formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

A)arraignment
B)information
C)indictment
D)acquittal

A(n)__________ is a written notice to appear in court.

A)warrant
B)arrest
C)booking
D)summons

The term __________ refers to the formal rules designed to maintain social control.

A)civil law
B)criminal law
C)case law
D)common law

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The term __________ refer to previous court decisions that are followed in current cases to ensure consistency in the application of the law.

A)constitutions
B)statutes
C)ordinances
D)precendents

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Specific laws passed by legislatures that prohibit or mandate certain acts are called __________.

A)constitutions
B)statutes
C)ordinances
D)precendents

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The term ___________ refers to conscious purposiveness in conduct;a factor in the determination of criminal responsibility.

A)intention
B)duress
C)necessity
D)entrapment

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A(n)__________ is a sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case;it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers' assessment of the facts.

A)warrant
B)arrest
C)booking
D)summons

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A defense designed to prevent the government from manufacturing crime by setting traps for unwary citizens.

A)intention
B)duress
C)necessity
D)entrapment

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A(n)__________ is a finding after trial of not guilty

A)arraignment
B)information
C)indictment
D)acquittal

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The term __________ refers to the formal rules that regulate disputes between private parties.

A)civil law
B)criminal law
C)case law
D)common law

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The judicial application and interpretation of law as it applies in a given case is called __________.

A)civil law
B)criminal law
C)case law
D)common law

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A(n)__________ refers to the process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

A)warrant
B)arrest
C)booking
D)summons

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A(n)__________ is a hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

A)arraignment
B)information
C)indictment
D)acquittal

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A defense in which a person claims to have engaged in otherwise criminal behavior because of the forces of nature is called __________.

A)intention
B)duress
C)necessity
D)entrapment

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A defense in which a person claims to have engaged in criminal conduct because of a threat of immediate and serious bodily harm by another person.

A)intention
B)duress
C)necessity
D)entrapment

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A(n)__________ is a formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

A)arraignment
B)information
C)indictment
D)acquittal

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Laws that apply to a specific county,city,or town are called ___________.

A)constitutions
B)statutes
C)ordinances
D)precendents

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The term __________ refers to a procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

A)warrant
B)arrest
C)booking
D)summons

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The term ___________ refers to the body of unrecorded decisions made by English judges in the Middle Ages,reflecting the values,customs,and beliefs of the period.

A)civil law
B)criminal law
C)case law
D)common law

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___________ are of three types: self-defense,defense of others,and defense of property.

A)Defense related to mental illness
B)Defense involving force
C)Defense involving justification or excuse.
D)Defense involving a crime of passion

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'Procedural law' is a law defining the specific behaviors prohibited under the criminal law.

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A defense based on the claim that the defendant was not sane at the time of the act is referred to as a ____________.

A)defense related to mental illness
B)defense involving force
C)defense involving justification or excuse.
D)defense involving a crime of passion

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The 'criminal justice system' involves more than 55,000 government agencies in the United States that deal with aspects of crime,including criminal law enforcement,the courts,and corrections.

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(A[n])__________ is set at the initial appearance in order to ensure that the arrestee will appear in court for trial.

A)Plea
B)Bail
C)Arraignment
D)Information

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A)defense related to mental illness
B)defense involving force
C)defense involving justification or excuse.
D)defense involving a crime of passion

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The ______ Amendment of the United States Constitution provides protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.

A)Fourth
B)Fifth
C)Eighth
D)Fourteenth

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___________ law is a very important part of the criminal justice process,because it specifies how people accused of crimes will be treated.

A)Criminal
B)Civil
C)Procedural
D)Juvenile

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The 'conflict view' is the view that law reflects society's consensus regarding behavior that is harmful enough to warrant government intervention.

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If the crime charged is within the jurisdiction of a municipal court,the arrestee may also be asked to make a(n)__________,a statement of innocence or guilt,at the initial appearance.

A)plea
B)bail
C)arraignment
D)information

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The criminal (penal)code is a compilation of all the criminal laws of a jurisdiction.

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The ______ Amendment of the United States Constitution states that a person shall not be compelled to be a witness against oneself.

A)Fourth
B)Fifth
C)Eighth
D)Fourteenth

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A(n)__________ is a hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

A)plea
B)bail
C)arraignment
D)information

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The term __________ refers to the 'guilty mind' or conscious decision to commit a criminal act.

A)mens rea
B)actus reus
C)concurrence/causal link
D)liability

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'Substantive criminal law' refers to the rule for adjudication of individuals suspected of violating the law.

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The ______ Amendment of the United States Constitution states that cruel and unusual punishments shall not be inflicted.

A)Fourth
B)Fifth
C)Eighth
D)Fourteenth

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A(n)__________ is a formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

A)plea
B)bail
C)arraignment
D)information

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The term __________ means that in order for a crime to occur,there must be a association between the act and the harm that results.

A)mens rea
B)actus reus
C)concurrence/causal link
D)liability

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'Due process' refers to a legal protection included in the U.S.Constitution that guarantees all citizens the right to be adjudicated under established law and legal procedures.

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The term __________ refers to the behavior that must be committed to meet the definition of a crime.

A)mens rea
B)actus reus
C)concurrence/causal link
D)liability

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A defense in which a defendant claims that a law is not widely known and that the person could not have been expected to be aware of it.

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'Battered woman syndrome' is an ongoing pattern of severe physical abuse that constitutes a continual threat of harm

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A defense in which a person claims that honest ignorance rules out the presence of a 'guilty mind' is called __________.

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____________ is a condition in which a person has the opportunity to exercise control over an object.

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The term 'jurisdiction' refers to the authority of a state,county,or city to apply its own laws within its own territory.

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The term actus reus refers to the 'guilty mind' or conscious decision to commit a criminal act.

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The term __________ refers to a legal protection included in the U.S.Constitution that guarantees all citizens the right to be adjudicated under established law and legal procedures.

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The term 'constructive possession' refers to a condition in which a person has exclusive control over an object.

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The __________ involves the more than 55,000 government agencies in the United States that deal with aspects of crime,including criminal law enforcement,the courts,and corrections.

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An 'insanity defense' is a claim that the defendant was not sane under law at the time of the act.

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The term mens rea refers to the behavior that must be committed to meet the definition of a crime.

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'Actual possession' refers to a condition in which a person has the opportunity to exercise control over and object.

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___________ refers to a condition in which a person has exclusive control over an object.

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The term __________ refers to an ongoing pattern of severe physical abuse that constitutes a continual threat of harm

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The term __________ refers to establishing the presence of the elements of a crime in a given case,thereby subjecting the accused person to criminal penalties.

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The 'consensus view' is the view that an act becomes a crime only when it serves the interests of those in positions of power.

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A(n)__________ refers to a claim that the defendant was not sane under law at the time of the act.

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How can mistake of fact serve as a defense if it neutralizes the "guilty mind" required for the commission of a crime.?

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Mental illness can play a role in a criminal case in more than one way.Please explain and describe these ways.

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What is the difference between mens rea and actus reus? How are these both related?

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Match between columns

ignorance of law

A standard under which persons are culpable for their actions if they understand the consequences of those actions.

ignorance of law

A defense in which a person claims that honest ignorance rules out the presence of a ‘guilty mind’.

ignorance of law

A defense in which a defendant claims that a law is not widely known and that the person could not have been expected to be aware of it.

mistake of fact

A standard under which persons are culpable for their actions if they understand the consequences of those actions.

mistake of fact

A defense in which a person claims that honest ignorance rules out the presence of a ‘guilty mind’.

mistake of fact

A defense in which a defendant claims that a law is not widely known and that the person could not have been expected to be aware of it.

reasonableness standard

A standard under which persons are culpable for their actions if they understand the consequences of those actions.

reasonableness standard

A defense in which a person claims that honest ignorance rules out the presence of a ‘guilty mind’.

reasonableness standard

A defense in which a defendant claims that a law is not widely known and that the person could not have been expected to be aware of it.

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Match between columns

acquittal

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

acquittal

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

acquittal

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

acquittal

A written notice to appear in court.

acquittal

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

acquittal

A statement of innocence or guilt.

acquittal

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

acquittal

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

acquittal

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

acquittal

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

acquittal

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

acquittal

A finding after trial of not guilty.

acquittal

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

acquittal

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

acquittal

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

acquittal

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

acquittal

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

acquittal

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

plea

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

plea

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

plea

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

plea

A written notice to appear in court.

plea

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

plea

A statement of innocence or guilt.

plea

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

plea

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

plea

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

plea

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

plea

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

plea

A finding after trial of not guilty.

plea

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

plea

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

plea

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

plea

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

plea

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

plea

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

conviction

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

conviction

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

conviction

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

conviction

A written notice to appear in court.

conviction

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

conviction

A statement of innocence or guilt.

conviction

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

conviction

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

conviction

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

conviction

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

conviction

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

conviction

A finding after trial of not guilty.

conviction

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

conviction

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

conviction

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

conviction

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

conviction

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

conviction

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

booking

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

booking

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

booking

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

booking

A written notice to appear in court.

booking

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

booking

A statement of innocence or guilt.

booking

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

booking

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

booking

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

booking

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

booking

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

booking

A finding after trial of not guilty.

booking

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

booking

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

booking

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

booking

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

booking

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

booking

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

parole

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

parole

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

parole

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

parole

A written notice to appear in court.

parole

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

parole

A statement of innocence or guilt.

parole

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

parole

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

parole

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

parole

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

parole

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

parole

A finding after trial of not guilty.

parole

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

parole

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

parole

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

parole

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

parole

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

parole

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

bench trial

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

bench trial

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

bench trial

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

bench trial

A written notice to appear in court.

bench trial

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

bench trial

A statement of innocence or guilt.

bench trial

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

bench trial

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

bench trial

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

bench trial

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

bench trial

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

bench trial

A finding after trial of not guilty.

bench trial

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

bench trial

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

bench trial

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

bench trial

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

bench trial

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

bench trial

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

indictment

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

indictment

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

indictment

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

indictment

A written notice to appear in court.

indictment

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

indictment

A statement of innocence or guilt.

indictment

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

indictment

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

indictment

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

indictment

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

indictment

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

indictment

A finding after trial of not guilty.

indictment

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

indictment

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

indictment

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

indictment

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

indictment

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

indictment

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

warrant

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

warrant

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

warrant

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

warrant

A written notice to appear in court.

warrant

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

warrant

A statement of innocence or guilt.

warrant

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

warrant

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

warrant

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

warrant

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

warrant

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

warrant

A finding after trial of not guilty.

warrant

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

warrant

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

warrant

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

warrant

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

warrant

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

warrant

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

sentencing

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

sentencing

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

sentencing

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

sentencing

A written notice to appear in court.

sentencing

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

sentencing

A statement of innocence or guilt.

sentencing

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

sentencing

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

sentencing

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

sentencing

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

sentencing

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

sentencing

A finding after trial of not guilty.

sentencing

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

sentencing

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

sentencing

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

sentencing

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

sentencing

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

sentencing

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

arrest

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

arrest

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

arrest

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

arrest

A written notice to appear in court.

arrest

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

arrest

A statement of innocence or guilt.

arrest

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

arrest

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

arrest

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

arrest

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

arrest

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

arrest

A finding after trial of not guilty.

arrest

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

arrest

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

arrest

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

arrest

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

arrest

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

arrest

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

summons

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

summons

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

summons

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

summons

A written notice to appear in court.

summons

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

summons

A statement of innocence or guilt.

summons

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

summons

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

summons

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

summons

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

summons

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

summons

A finding after trial of not guilty.

summons

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

summons

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

summons

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

summons

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

summons

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

summons

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

arraignment

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

arraignment

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

arraignment

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

arraignment

A written notice to appear in court.

arraignment

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

arraignment

A statement of innocence or guilt.

arraignment

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

arraignment

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

arraignment

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

arraignment

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

arraignment

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

arraignment

A finding after trial of not guilty.

arraignment

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

arraignment

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

arraignment

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

arraignment

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

arraignment

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

arraignment

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

mistrial

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

mistrial

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

mistrial

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

mistrial

A written notice to appear in court.

mistrial

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

mistrial

A statement of innocence or guilt.

mistrial

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

mistrial

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

mistrial

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

mistrial

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

mistrial

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

mistrial

A finding after trial of not guilty.

mistrial

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

mistrial

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

mistrial

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

mistrial

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

mistrial

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

mistrial

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

jury trial

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

jury trial

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

jury trial

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

jury trial

A written notice to appear in court.

jury trial

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

jury trial

A statement of innocence or guilt.

jury trial

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

jury trial

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

jury trial

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

jury trial

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

jury trial

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

jury trial

A finding after trial of not guilty.

jury trial

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

jury trial

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

jury trial

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

jury trial

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

jury trial

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

jury trial

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

bail

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

bail

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

bail

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

bail

A written notice to appear in court.

bail

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

bail

A statement of innocence or guilt.

bail

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

bail

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

bail

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

bail

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

bail

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

bail

A finding after trial of not guilty.

bail

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

bail

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

bail

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

bail

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

bail

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

bail

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

incarceration

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

incarceration

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

incarceration

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

incarceration

A written notice to appear in court.

incarceration

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

incarceration

A statement of innocence or guilt.

incarceration

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

incarceration

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

incarceration

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

incarceration

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

incarceration

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

incarceration

A finding after trial of not guilty.

incarceration

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

incarceration

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

incarceration

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

incarceration

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

incarceration

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

incarceration

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

information

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

information

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

information

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

information

A written notice to appear in court.

information

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

information

A statement of innocence or guilt.

information

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

information

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

information

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

information

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

information

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

information

A finding after trial of not guilty.

information

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

information

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

information

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

information

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

information

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

information

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

appeal

A sworn statement by police that attests to the existence of probable cause in a given case; it is signed by a judge who agrees with the officers’ assessment of the facts.

appeal

Process of taking a suspect into custody for the purpose of prosecution.

appeal

A procedure in which an official record of the arrest is made.

appeal

A written notice to appear in court.

appeal

A form of pretrial release where the court holds money or property to ensure that the arrestee will appear for trial.

appeal

A statement of innocence or guilt.

appeal

A hearing where the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and enters a plea.

appeal

A formal accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor based on the findings of a preliminary hearing.

appeal

A formal accusation of a crime based on the vote of a grand jury.

appeal

A trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence.

appeal

A trial in which the jury determines guilt or innocence.

appeal

A finding after trial of not guilty.

appeal

A finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

appeal

A judge’s decision as to what is to be the most appropriate punishment, given the type of crime and offender, and within a specified range established by law.

appeal

Segregation of offenders from the rest of the community in jails or prisons to rehabilitate, incapacitate, or punish them and to deter others from committing similar crimes.

appeal

A phase of the criminal justice system in which an offender completes the end of a prison sentence under supervision in the community.

appeal

A review of lower court decisions by a higher court to look for errors of law or procedure.

appeal

A trial that has been declared invalid because of a substantial error in law or procedure.

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