Deck 11: Probation, Community Corrections, and Reentry

Question 1

A __________ is a modification or reduction of a sentence imposed on an offender.

A)commutation
B)restitution
C)mediation
D)shock incarceration

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A condition of probation or parole in which offenders are not permitted to leave their residences for purposes other than work,school,treatment,or other approved reasons is called __________.

A)prisoner reentry
B)intensive supervision
C)house arrest
D)electronic monitoring

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The term __________ refers to short-term,military-style boot camps designed primarily for nonviolent young offenders and featuring a military atmosphere and strict discipline.

A)commutation
B)restitution
C)mediation
D)shock incarceration

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The term __________ refers to sanctions that are alternatives to incarceration in jail or prison (such as monetary penalties,probation,intensive supervision,and home confinement with electronic monitoring),or supervision in the community after a sentence of incarceration has been served (such as parole,work release,furloughs,and halfway houses).

A)community corrections
B)intermediate sanctions
C)corporal punishment
D)good time credits

Question 5

____________ refers to the prisoner release decided by a parole board consisting of corrections officials and/or political appointees who evaluate the inmate's record and his or her behavior in prison to determine whether the inmate will be released to serve the remainder of the sentence under community supervision.

A)Parole release
B)Work release
C)Study release
D)Home release

Question 6

Release from incarceration after the offender has served the entire sentence without ever being granted parole or accumulating enough good-time credits to justify early release is called __________.

A)sanctions
B)net widening
C)maxing out
D)furloughs

Question 7

__________ refers to a program similar to work release,in which an inmate attends school by day and returns to jail or prison at night.

A)Parole release
B)Work release
C)Study release
D)Home release

Question 8

A prisoner's smooth transition from confinement to freedom is referred to as __________.

A)prisoner reentry
B)intensive supervision
C)house arrest
D)electronic monitoring

Question 9

Ways to punish or place restrictions on offenders is/are called __________.

A)sanctions
B)net widening
C)maxing out
D)furloughs

Question 10

The term ___________ refers to the process by which more offenders end up being placed under supervision of the criminal justice system even though the intent of a program was to divert offenders out of the system.

A)sanctions
B)net widening
C)maxing out
D)furloughs

Question 11

Probation or parole for which jurisdictions maintain small caseloads,make frequent contact with offenders under supervision,and require special conditions such as random drug tests,curfews,restitution to victims,electronic monitoring,or house arrest is called __________.

A)prisoner reentry
B)intensive supervision
C)house arrest
D)electronic monitoring

Question 12

The criminal justice process that focuses on sanctions directed primarily at repairing the injury to the victim rather than focusing on the adversarial relationship between the government and the offender is called __________.

A)restorative justice
B)authentic justice
C)retributive model of justice
D)retributive justice

Question 13

The term __________ refers to a process providing a forum in which the offender and the victim meet in a neutral setting where they can ask questions,communicate feelings of anger or remorse,and discuss ways in which the balance of justice can be restored in a fair and equitable manner;this may involve an apology,restitution,community service,or other alternative.

A)commutation
B)restitution
C)mediation
D)shock incarceration

Question 14

The term __________ refers to a form of restorative justice that usually takes the form of money,but it can also include returning property or performing services for the victim.

A)commutation
B)restitution
C)mediation
D)shock incarceration

Question 15

Approach to criminal justice holding that sanctions should be more closely related to crime and that offenders should be punished in ways that neutralize their gain is called __________.

A)restorative justice
B)authentic justice
C)retributive model of justice
D)retributive justice

Question 16

Sentences designed to provide more rigorous supervision than normal probation,yet something less expensive than incarceration are called __________.

A)community corrections
B)intermediate sanctions
C)corporal punishment
D)good time credits

Question 17

Surveillance of offenders in the community by means of electronic devices such as radio and telephone transmitters is called __________.

A)prisoner reentry
B)intensive supervision
C)house arrest
D)electronic monitoring

Question 18

__________ refers to a program that permits eligible inmates to work during the day at regular jobs in the outside world,returning to the jail or prison at night.

A)Parole release
B)Work release
C)Study release
D)Home release

Question 19

Traditional approach to criminal justice that emphasizes the role of adversarial proceedings and the government in punishing offenders for their past acts as retribution and deterrence is called __________.

A)restorative justice
B)authentic justice
C)retributive model of justice
D)retributive justice

Question 20

A program similar to work release,in which an inmate attends school by day and returns to jail or prison at night is called __________.

A)sanctions
B)net widening
C)maxing out
D)furloughs

Question 21

Shock incarceration refers to a short-term,military-style boot camps designed primarily for nonviolent young offenders and featuring a military atmosphere and strict discipline.

Question 22

Advocates of restorative justice believe that who wins the case is less important than "making the victim whole."

Question 23

Notification of the community regarding the release of __________ appears to produce panic rather than providing useful information,a problem compounded by out-of-date address information in state databases.

A)murderers
B)sex offenders
C)white-collar criminals
D)domestic violence offenders

Question 24

A pardon is not actually a form of sentence,but it does allow a convicted offender to be released from prison without any supervision.

Question 25

Restitution is a process providing a forum in which the offender and the victim meet in a neutral setting where they can ask questions,communicate feelings of anger or remorse,and discuss ways in which the balance of justice can be restored in a fair and equitable manner;this may involve an apology,restitution,community service,or other alternative.

Question 26

Monetary fines are the most common form of criminal sanction in the United States.

Question 27

The term 'corporal punishment' refers to physical punishment short of the death penalty.

Question 28

The purpose of parole is to allow inmates to serve the last part of their sentence in the community under supervision in order to readjust to freedom.

Question 29

Intermediate sanctions are sentences designed to provide more rigorous supervision than normal probation,yet something less expensive than incarceration.

Question 30

Mediation is a form of restorative justice that usually takes the form of money,but it can also include returning property or performing services for the victim.

Question 31

Most jurisdictions classify offenders to predict the likelihood of offenders' success on probation and the amount of supervision they will require.

Question 32

The Supreme Court ruled in _______,however,that it is constitutional to notify a community when a former sex offender lives there or moves into the area.

A)1975
B)1985
C)1995
D)2005

Question 33

The term 'study release' refers to a program that permits eligible inmates to work during the day at regular jobs in the outside world,returning to the jail or prison at night.

Question 34

Restorative justice refers to the approach to criminal justice holding that sanctions should be more closely related to crime and that offenders should be punished in ways that neutralize their gain.

Question 35

Authentic justice refers to the criminal justice process that focuses on sanctions directed primarily at repairing the injury to the victim rather than focusing on the adversarial relationship between the government and the offender.

Question 36

The term 'work release' refers to a program in which an inmate attends school by day and returns to jail or prison at night.

Question 37

Offenders who are sentenced to probation usually have conditions attached to their sentences.These conditions are designed to control the offender's present behavior and to change it in the future.

Question 38

__________ is the most widely used form of correctional supervision in the United States.

A)Parole
B)Incarceration
C)Probation
D)Capital punishment

Question 39

Since 2000,the size of the parole population has __________ each year.

A)decreased
B)stayed the same
C)increased
D)been nonexistent

Question 40

Offenders who are sentenced to probation usually have conditions attached to their sentences.These conditions are designed to control the offender's present behavior and to change it in the future.If these conditions are not met,the offender's sentence of probation may be __________.

A)revoked
B)maintained
C)upheld
D)preserved

Question 41

How might offenders who are not released by the parole board be granted supervised mandatory release?

Question 42

Making __________ usually means paying money,but it can also include returning property or performing services for the victim.

Question 43

The concept of chain gangs was reintroduced during the 1990s.Why is this practice controversial? In what sense could you say that chained work gangs are related to community-based corrections?

Question 44

The term __________ refers to the process by which more offenders end up being placed under supervision of the criminal justice system even though the intent of a program was to divert offenders out of the system.

Question 45

Because prolonged incarceration can reduce inmates' capacity to function outside of prison,some states have temporary release programs that allow inmates to enter the community for work,study,or other purposes.Do you think these programs are effective in reducing recidivism rates? Why or why not?

Question 46

The '__________' strives to reduce drug abuse and drug-related crime,but long prison sentences for drug offenders have not had a major impact on the drug trade,given continued high rates of offending for drug law violations.

Question 47

__________ are unsupervised leaves from prison that are granted for a few hours up to a week in length.

Question 48

Dissatisfaction with probation,combined with the need to use prison space more efficiently,has produced a movement toward ___________: sentences designed to provide more rigorous supervision than normal probation,yet something less expensive than incarceration.

Question 49

Small reductions in the time to be served,awarded to inmates for each day on which they obey prison rules,is/are called __________.

Question 50

__________ occurs when the offender has served the entire sentence and has not been granted parole or accumulated enough good-time credits to justify early release.

Question 51

The __________ model of justice is a traditional approach to criminal justice that emphasizes the role of adversarial proceedings and the government in punishing offenders for their past acts as retribution and deterrence.

Question 52

A condition of probation or parole in which offenders are not permitted to leave their residences for purposes other than work,school,treatment,or other approved reasons is called __________.

Question 53

Residents of halfway houses may be categorized as either halfway in or halfway out.What does this mean? Please explain.

Question 54

__________ are residential centers for ex-offenders in the community.

Question 55

How may house arrest be effective? Please explain.