Deck 10: Politics and the Media

Question 1

The concept of freedom of the press: 

A) has not always immediately extended to new types of media as they came into existence. 
B) has never been applied to print media. 
C) has not been extended to any form of media except print media. 
D) has not been extended to the Internet. 
E) has not been extended to cable television.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A television news show covered the story of a young girl who had cancer but did not have proper medical insurance to cover the expenses of her treatment.They showed how difficult it was for her to meet her daily expenses and how she had to drop out of college due to her illness.The media influenced the viewers' attitude in a positive way so that they donate money toward the cause.The media influenced the viewers with a technique called _____.

A) lobbying 
B) microtargeting 
C) narrowcasting 
D) framing 
E) podcasting

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following was one of the first forms of new media in the twentieth century? 

A) Newspapers 
B) Magazines 
C) Motion pictures 
D) Newsletters 
E) Books

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Concentrated ownership may be a more serious problem at the local level than at the national level because if one or two companies own a city's newspaper and its TV stations,such outlets _____.

A) will present a variety of opinions 
B) are likely to air information that could be damaging to their advertisers 
C) are not likely to air information that could be damaging to themselves 
D) publicize views that they disagree with politically 
E) do not report news on time

Question 5

Under the First Amendment,the court has granted complete protection to broadcast media such as radio and television.

Question 6

Following World War II (1939-1945),_____ became the dominant form of communication.

A) cable television 
B) radio 
C) newsletters 
D) newspapers 
E) broadcast television

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about media? 

A) Following World War II, cable television became the dominant form of communication. 
B) The radio has supplanted the Internet as the most popular medium of communication in the world today. 
C) Beginning about 1950, the circulation of the newspaper began to decline steadily. 
D) Film and radio displaced print media in the early twentieth century. 
E) Radio, television, and print media remain important to American politics and government.

Question 8

The _____ to the Constitution upholds the important role of a free press.

A) Third Amendment 
B) Fourteenth Amendment 
C) Second Amendment 
D) First Amendment 
E) Tenth Amendment

Question 9

Identify an accurate statement about issue advertisements.

A) Candidates use negative issue advertisements to focus on flaws in their opponents' positions on various issues. 
B) Negative issue advertisements are used by candidates to promote their opponents' credibility. 
C) Issue advertisements are much less devastating than personal attacks. 
D) Issue advertisements are negative political advertisements that typically attack the character of an opposing candidate. 
E) Issue advertisements are completely accurate and always report things as they are.

Question 10

During a presidential campaign,John Madden's campaign manager ran multiple television broadcasts in which he chose to depict Madden's opponent Jordan Baisley as an insensitive,wealthy,and unreliable candidate,who was running for president for his own personal motives.This is an example of _____.

A) community journalism 
B) managed news coverage 
C) a personal attack advertisement 
D) citizen journalism 
E) a positive political advertisement

Question 11

How has the news industry attempted to attract more viewers? 

A) The news industry has turned to "infotainment" programs. 
B) The news industry has turned to negative advertising. 
C) News reporters have started reporting news more aggressively. 
D) News reporters have started covering news in an unbiased fashion. 
E) News stations have started reporting news in a very detailed manner.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of the media and the First Amendment? 

A) The concept of freedom of the press has been applied to electronic media since the adoption of the bill of rights. 
B) The Internet was the first type of new media to be considered under the First Amendment. 
C) The First Amendment has granted complete protection to broadcast media. 
D) Radio and television received no protection upon their development. 
E) In 1915, freedom of the press was applied to movies.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of the old media in the twentieth century? 

A) Film displaced print media in the early twentieth century. 
B) Television did not have an effect in displacing print media. 
C) Beginning about 1950, the number of adults reading a daily paper began to increase dramatically. 
D) Radio did not displace print media in the early twentieth century. 
E) Beginning about 1950, the circulation of the newspaper declined to a great extent.

Question 14

Today,at least half of the total budget for major political campaigns is consumed by _____.

A) traditional face-to-face campaigning 
B) social media networking 
C) advertisements placed on the Internet 
D) televised political advertising 
E) arranging appearances on television programs

Question 15

The use of the Internet is a very expensive way for candidates to contact,recruit,and mobilize supporters,as well as to disseminate information about their positions on issues.

Question 16

Which of the following describes agenda setting? 

A) The attempt of political candidates to gain damaging information about an opposing candidate 
B) The ability of a campaign manager to manipulate news coverage to gain media exposure for a political candidate 
C) The media's ability to determine which issues are considered important by the public and politicians 
D) Political advertising undertaken for the purpose of discrediting an opposing candidate in voters' eyes 
E) The ability of a campaign manager to convince reporters to give a particular event a spin that is favorable to a candidate

Question 17

Recently,a famous news channel broadcasted that their country experienced the lowest rate of unemployment in the last ten years.This made the viewers feel optimistic.In this scenario,the media was able to influence the viewers' opinions with a technique called _____.

A) podcasting 
B) microtargeting 
C) priming 
D) lobbying 
E) narrowcasting

Question 18

One characteristic of campaign advertising that was more noticeable in 2012 than ever before was its uneven distribution.

Question 19

By 2012,the advertising industry was spending more on Internet advertising than it spent on all print newspapers and magazines put together.

Question 20

The overwhelming dominance of strong liberal voices on talk radio is justified by supporters as a good way to counter what they perceive as the conservative bias in the mainstream print and TV media.

Question 21

Which of the following is true of televised debates? 

A) Televised debates allow candidates to discuss their policies as much as they want to, without any time constraints. 
B) They cannot provide an opportunity for candidates to improve their images. 
C) They help shape the outcome of the elections. 
D) They have been a part of every election since 1990. 
E) They restrict candidates from pointing out flaws of their opponents.

Question 22

_____ refers to a reporter's slant on,or interpretation of,a particular event or action.

A) Framing 
B) Priming 
C) A spin 
D) A sound bite 
E) Podcasting

Question 23

Which of the following is true of radio talk-show hosts? 

A) They stick to strictly speaking the truth. 
B) They care more about the value of their statements than entertainment. 
C) They attempt to exaggerate their political biases. 
D) They attempt to hide their political biases. 
E) They mostly reach out to liberalist audiences.

Question 24

Today,four of the top five talk-radio shows,as measured by Arbitron ratings,are politically _____.

A) confederalist 
B) liberal 
C) communist 
D) conservative 
E) altruist

Question 25

Since 1996,the Commission on Presidential Debates has limited the participants to: 

A) candidates of the two major parties-the Democrats and the Republicans-and one candidate from a third party. 
B) only candidates of the two major parties-the Democrats and the Republicans. 
C) candidates of the two major parties in the first debate, and one candidate from a third party in the second debate. 
D) two candidates of up to four parties at a time. 
E) three candidates at a time.

Question 26

A democratic presidential candidate pointed out numerous flaws in his opponents health care legislations.He focused on how his candidate's legislations did not cover some major illnesses and how the people would not benefit from them.He ran commercials featuring a boy who was severely ill but could not pay for his treatment as his health insurance did not cover the disease.This is an example of _____.

A) participatory journalism 
B) an issue advertisement 
C) community journalism 
D) online blogging 
E) a positive political advertisement

Question 27

Which of the following accompanies the perception that few Americans believe that the news media are unbiased in their reporting? 

A) The decline in the percentage of teenagers who use the Internet 
B) The increase in the number of liberalists who listen to the news 
C) The decline in public's confidence in the news in the recent years 
D) The increase in the number of conservatives who listen to the news 
E) The dominance of the Internet as the primary source of information

Question 28

Which of the following is true of negative advertisements? 

A) They always bring about a higher voter turnout in elections. 
B) They cannot inform voters about important issues like positive advertisements. 
C) They are more likely than positive advertisements to grab viewers' attention. 
D) They are believed to be a force for bad as they dull public debate. 
E) They are less likely than positive advertisements to get free media coverage.

Question 29

Which of the following is true of news coverage? 

A) It is easy for the candidates to take advantage of the media's interest in campaigns. 
B) Coverage by the news media is very expensive. 
C) Political consultants plan political events to accommodate the press. 
D) The media do not devote much of their coverage to polls. 
E) Hardly any aspect of a campaign focuses on potential news coverage.

Question 30

In recent years,candidates' campaigns have shown increasing sophistication in creating newsworthy events for journalists and TV camera crews to cover.This effort is commonly referred to as _____.

A) community journalism 
B) citizen journalism 
C) negative political advertising 
D) issue advertising 
E) managed news coverage

Question 31

In a recent poll by the Pew Research Center,68 percent of respondents agreed that: 

A) press involvement in political issues helps them take necessary steps to choose the right candidate. 
B) press criticism of political campaigns helps them make the correct decision during elections. 
C) press involvement in politics is not enough to give them sufficient information on political candidates. 
D) press involvement is unbiased and helps make a positive impact on them while voting. 
E) press criticism of political leaders keeps them from doing things that should not be done.

Question 32

Timothy Wilkinson has the responsibility of persuading reporters to give a particular event an interpretation that suits the candidate she is working for.Recently,after a press conference,she convinced the reporters to publish only the positive aspects of the conference to benefit her candidate.In this scenario,Timothy Wilkinson is a _____.

A) spin doctor 
B) citizen journalist 
C) community journalist 
D) blogger 
E) hacker

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true of talk radio? 

A) Talk shows have failed to provide a populist forum for the public. 
B) The growth of talk radio was made possible by the Federal Communications Commission's appeal to restore the fairness doctrine. 
C) Talk shows empower fringe groups, perhaps magnifying their rage. 
D) Americans have come to reject talk radio as an outlet for the political right. 
E) Most of the top talk-radio shows are politically liberal.

Question 34

Which of the following is a reason why radio talk shows are characterized as the Wild West of the media? 

A) A huge variety of journalistic conventions are observed. 
B) The leading shows are broadcast from western states. 
C) Talk-show hosts do not attempt to hide their political biases. 
D) The audiences are larger in the West than in any other part of the country. 
E) Talk-radio shows only air in the West.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true of negative advertisements? 

A) The more negative the television advertisements, the less likely it is to get free media coverage. 
B) Negative television advertisements never work. 
C) Presidential candidates typically assert that they use negative advertising because it works. 
D) Negative television advertisements are less likely than positive ads to grab the viewers' attention and make an impression. 
E) Negative advertisements are less likely to focus on substantive political issues and thus they do a poorer job of informing the voters about important campaign issues than positive ads do.

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true of the fairness doctrine? 

A) It would have made it difficult for radio stations to broadcast conservative talk shows exclusively, as many do now. 
B) It allowed the holders of broadcast licenses to present controversial issues in ways that suited their interests. 
C) It banned the holders of broadcast licenses from presenting controversial issues of public importance. 
D) It is still in force and imposes a variety of restrictions on print media and broadcast media. 
E) It was repealed by the Federal Communications Commission in 2012.

Question 37

Those who claim that talk-show hosts go too far ultimately have to deal with the constitutional issue of _____.

A) right to information 
B) right to democracy 
C) free speech 
D) free media 
E) free advertisements

Question 38

Ever since _____ held his first "fireside chats" on radio,politicians have realized the power of that medium.

A) John F. Kennedy 
B) George Washington 
C) Bill Clinton 
D) Franklin D. Roosevelt 
E) George Bush

Question 39

According to surveys and analyses of the attitudes and voting habits of reporters,which of the following is true of the attitudes of journalists? 

A) Journalists hold communist views. 
B) Journalists hold totalitarian views. 
C) Journalists hold conservative views. 
D) Journalists hold liberal views. 
E) Journalists hold confederalist views.

Question 40

From the beginning,radio has been a favorite outlet for _____.

A) the Democratic party 
B) traditional news reporters 
C) the political right 
D) the political left 
E) radical and extreme views

Question 41

_________ is an agenda setting techniques that established the context of a media report.A.Spin doctoringB.Pod castingC.FramingD.Blogging

Question 42

Each presidential candidate has press advisers,often called _________,who try to convince reporters to give a story or event an interpretation that is favorable to the candidate.A.Web managersB.hackersC.bloggersD.spin doctors

Question 43

Podcasting can be defined as: 

A) establishing the context of a media report. 
B) spinning a story or an event in a way that is favorable to a political candidate. 
C) narrowing the focus of news to a local area. 
D) managing news coverage to gain media exposure for a political candidate. 
E) the distribution of audio or video files to personal computers or mobile devices such as smartphones.

Question 44

Presidential candidate,Chris Vincent,in a recent press conference said,"The rate of unemployment will go down dramatically if the rate of immigration decreased." This statement caused an uproar in the media and Vincent was scrutinized for it.In this scenario,Chris Vincent's statement is an example of a(n)_____.

A) personal attack advertisement 
B) spin 
C) blog 
D) issue advertisement 
E) gaffe

Question 45

To make their campaign more effective,a presidential candidate and his allies have decided to send short political videos and audios describing their agendas to personal computers and smartphones.They believe that this technique will help get their message across to the public clearly.In this scenario,the political candidate and his allies are using the method of _____.

A) priming 
B) narrowcasting 
C) framing 
D) microtargeting 
E) podcasting

Question 46

Some media scholars suggest that media bias plays a role in shaping presidential campaigns and elections.It is a bias _____.

A) that favors Democrats 
B) that favors Republicans 
C) against winners 
D) against losers 
E) against conservatives

Question 47

In a recent study,the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press found that 64 percent of reporters in both national and local media applied the term _____ to themselves.

A) liberal 
B) conservative 
C) extremist 
D) moderate 
E) communist

Question 48

Michael has created a blog that focuses on the political activities that occur in his area.He recently wrote an article about how the government officials helped transform an abandoned parking lot into a park.He got a lot of views for this article on his blog.In this scenario,Michael is involved in _____.

A) narrowcasting 
B) spin doctoring 
C) community journalism 
D) podcasting 
E) Internet campaigning

Question 49

Professional ethics of journalists dictate a commitment to: 

A) partisan bias and exaggeration. 
B) objectivity and truthfulness. 
C) subjectivity and exaggeration. 
D) liberalism and personal bias. 
E) information and entertainment.

Question 50

KDP Network has created a channel that focuses its attention on small Hispanic groups.It shows how the presidential candidates are planning to help the Hispanic communities of the country and has also started airing some Hispanic shows.In this scenario,KDP Network is involved in the act of _____.

A) priming 
B) narrowcasting 
C) spin doctoring 
D) lobbying 
E) framing

Question 51

Online activists who support a particular candidate but are not controlled by the candidate's organization are known as _____.

A) hacktivists 
B) netroots groups 
C) Web strategists 
D) Web managers 
E) citizen journalists

Question 52

Which of the following is true of online advertising revenue? 

A) There is an absolute shortage of online advertising revenue. 
B) Magazines generates a higher revenue than the Internet. 
C) Content providers receive a large share of online advertising revenue. 
D) The advertising industry spends more on print newspapers than on Internet advertising. 
E) Most of the online advertising revenue goes to aggregators.

Question 53

Which of the following is true of hyperlocalism? 

A) It refers to creating bias against the loser of a presidential debate. 
B) It refers to managing the entire news coverage of a country. 
C) It refers to exaggerating certain controversial issues. 
D) It refers to narrowing the focus of news to a local area. 
E) It refers to distributing videos to smartphones.

Question 54

BNB Prime,a news channel,has started focusing its news to a few cities in the United States.It wants to increase the number of viewers in those particular areas.The channel has hardly broadcasts any of the other major events taking place in the world.In this scenario,BNB Prime wants to increase the number of its viewers using the method of _____.

A) priming 
B) hyperlocalism 
C) framing 
D) negative advertising 
E) bipartisanism

Question 55

A _________ is a televised comment,lasting for only a few seconds,that captures a thought or a perspective and has an immediate impact on viewers.A.hackB.spinC.blogD.sound bite

Question 56

Which of the following is true of the blogosphere? 

A) Only a few people are licensed to create blogs. 
B) It contributes little to the innovation in new delivery today. 
C) Blogs are offered by the citizenry at large. 
D) The mainstream news organizations refrain from adding blogs to their websites. 
E) Blogs are purely for entertainment and hardly any blog is political in nature.

Question 57

The collection,analysis,and dissemination of information online by the citizenry is referred to as _________.A.spin doctoringB.Web managingC.people journalismD.managed news coverage

Question 58

Kenluck is an online advertising site.It does not create any content but allows content providers to post links on its site.Whenever a user clicks on a link,Kenluck directs the user to the content provider's site where the user can get information on a particular issue.In this scenario,Kenluck is a(n)_____.

A) aggregator 
B) narrowcaster 
C) spin doctor 
D) microtargetor 
E) reporter

Question 59

Which of the following is true of news blogs? 

A) The cost of maintaining blogs is very high. 
B) They pose a threat to mainstream news sources. 
C) They are seldom successful in selling advertisements. 
D) Blogs are seldom political in nature. 
E) It takes a lot of advertising to keep blogs in business.

Question 60

By helping to determine what people will talk and think about,the media set the _________.A.podcastB.political agendaC.sound biteD.spin

Question 61

How do the media set the political agenda?

Question 62

What impact has the explosion of news sources and the emergence of citizen journalism have on politics and on the reporting of political news?

Question 63

Describe the functions of a Web manager during the Internet Campaign.

Question 64

How does the medium of television affect the presentation of political information?

Question 65

Why is talk radio sometimes characterized as the Wild West of the media?