Deck 6: Native Americans: the First Americans

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of Native Americans?

A) They are known for speaking a single language.
B) They have their roots in the African continent.
C) They include Whites and Hispanics.
D) They are diverse in terms of cultures and religions.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following was the objective of the Allotment Act?

A) assimilation of Native Americans into the White society
B) creation of a pluralistic society of Indians and non-Indians
C) expatriation of Native Americans
D) ethnic cleansing of Native Americans from the White society

Answer 2

A

Question 3

________ styles of dancing, singing, and costuming derived from the tradition of Plains tribes of Native Americans are spreading nationwide as common cultural traits.

Answer 3

Powwow

Question 4

The Bureau of Indian Affairs, created in 1824, was part of the ________.

A) Department of Interior
B) Department of Education
C) Department of Justice
D) Department of War

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of fish-ins?

A) They were protests held by Washington State officials against Native Americans.
B) They were held by Native Americans to continue fish farming.
C) They brought increased public awareness of the deprivations of Native Americans.
D) The protests were held to safeguard White society's law.

Question 6

The ________ takes the view that the global economic system is divided between nations that control wealth and those that provide natural resources and labor.

A) world systems theory
B) allotment act
C) exploitation theory
D) quota system

Question 7

Which of the following is true of the Allotment Act of 1887?

A) It acquainted landowners with skills necessary to make a land productive.
B) It encouraged Native Americans to sell their land.
C) It assumed the Native Americans would become homesteaders.
D) It prevented a land from being leased.

Question 8

In 1824, ________ was created to coordinate the government's relations with the tribes and to maintain peace and friendly relations along the frontier.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of pan-Indianism?

A) It is only observed among the Native Americans and not among other ethnic subgroups.
B) It serves to host cultural events within a tribal community.
C) Its proponents see the tribes as captive nations.
D) It is a result of kinship among members of a tribe.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of warfare between Native American tribes?

A) Their conflicts resulted in mass mortality.
B) Their conflicts were European-initiated warfare.
C) Their warfare was limited to specific campaigns designed for specific purposes.
D) Their warfare was never for personal reasons.

Question 11

Much of the land deeded under the Allotment Act of 1887 eventually came into the possession of ________.

A) the tribal leaders
B) Native American families
C) non-Indians
D) the Black settlers

Question 12

In the context of American Indian identity, which of the following refers to tribal self-rule and is recognition that tribes have vibrant economic and cultural lives?

A) autonomy
B) secularity
C) diversity
D) sovereignty

Question 13

In 1887, which of the following policies bypassed tribal leaders and proposed making individual landowners of tribal members?

A) The Allotment Act
B) The Reorganization Act
C) The Indian Claims Commission
D) The Alaska Native Settlement Act

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true of the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

A) It was carried out to protect the American Indians from an epidemic.
B) It led to annexation of tribal land in America.
C) The Native Americans were well compensated for relocation.
D) The migration was volunteered by the Native Americans.

Question 15

Gradually, the policies directed from Europe toward the indigenous peoples of North America resembled the approach described in the world systems theory. Which of the following was the most important to the Europeans?

A) the spiritual expression of the indigenous peoples
B) the land the indigenous peoples occupied
C) the sacramental use of peyote
D) the fishing and hunting practices of the indigenous peoples

Question 16

The Indian Removal Act of 1830, called for the relocation of ________.

A) all northern tribes to the south
B) all Eastern tribes across the Mississippi River
C) all Western tribes across the Colorado River
D) all Native Americans to the African continent

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of the early European explorers and immigrants of the Western hemisphere?

A) Christopher Columbus was the first explorer to reach North America.
B) The Europeans were hunters in search of wild game, including mammoths and long-horned bison.
C) The Europeans had superior weaponry which gave them an advantage over the Native Americans.
D) The indigenous people were immune to the diseases the explorers brought with them.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of the Indian Reorganization Act?

A) It was readily accepted by all the tribes.
B) It extended the Allotment Act for another 10 years.
C) It allowed tribes to adopt a written constitution for themselves.
D) It prohibited the tribes from electing a tribal council with a head.

Question 19

The relocation of all Eastern tribes across the Mississippi River that lasted more than a decade is called ________.

A) the Walk for Justice
B) the Trail of Tears
C) pan-Indianism
D) the Ghost Dance

Question 20

________ refers to intertribal social movements in which several tribes, joined by political goals but not by kinship, unite in a common identity.

A) Pan-Indianism
B) Neocolonialism
C) Nativism
D) Ethnocentrism

Question 21

In the context of the Termination Act, the government orders on the Native Americans resulted in ________.

A) the tribes becoming autonomous
B) tribe members joining the federal services
C) major economic upheaval for the affected tribes
D) a strong bond between local government agencies and the tribes

Question 22

In the United States, ________ dominate the national organizations, not only politically but also culturally.

A) Plains tribes
B) the Whites
C) African immigrants
D) European immigrants

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true of the Cobell class action lawsuit?

A) The case was filed under the trust arrangements created by the Reorganization Act.
B) The case was filed on behalf of half a million Whites in the United States.
C) The government had well documented records to present their case.
D) The government was charged with cheating billions of dollars in royalties.

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true of the National Congress of American Indians?

A) It was registered as a lobby in Washington, DC.
B) It brought out the sentiments of the Whites in America.
C) It was formed in the aftermath of the American Indian Religious Freedom Act.
D) It recommended that both Indian and non-Indian members pay equally in dues.

Question 25

The treaty in which the Sioux lost their land is known as the ________.

A) 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty
B) 1854 Treaty of Medicine Creek
C) 1934 Treaty of Relations
D) 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement

Question 26

Originally, the phrase pau wau referred to ________.

A) native dances
B) the medicine man
C) the homeland
D) apples

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true of the American Indian Movement?

A) The group was known for its conservative ideas.
B) The group was created to provide jobs to American Indians.
C) The group documented the relocation of American Indians.
D) The group promoted programs for alcohol rehabilitation.

Question 28

Which of the statements is true of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act?

A) It was a step to resolve sovereignty of the Alaska Natives.
B) The immigrants to Alaska gave up their claims of land in exchange for payments.
C) It addressed Native hunting and fishing rights of the Alaska Natives.
D) It laid down strict regulations for Alaska Native government.

Question 29

A visible activity of the American Indian Movement (AIM) has been its efforts to ________.

A) gain clemency for Leonard Peltier, one of its leaders
B) prove the criminal status of Dennis Banks, an AIM leader
C) prohibit the release of the documentary Incident at Oglala
D) organize a walk called the Trail of Tears

Question 30

The Indian Claims Commission was a significant development because it ________.

A) played an important role in creating the National Congress of American Indians
B) sits in judgment of Indians charged with criminal offenses
C) is considered the most important civil rights organization for Native Americans
D) created a patrol to monitor police actions and document charges of police brutality

Question 31

Which of the following is a macro level of American Indian identity?

A) how individuals view themselves as American Indian
B) the recognition of tribes
C) how the perception of American Indians is recognized
D) the status of members of a tribe

Question 32

Which of the following consequences of the Employment Assistance Program is accurate?

A) It resulted in a Native American version of the brain drain.
B) It increased the labor force on the reservation.
C) It helped resolve all the problems of Native Americans in cities.
D) It led to the destruction of all intertribal networks.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true of the Battle of Wounded Knee II of 1973?

A) It took place between Cherokee and Apache tribes.
B) It involved the occupation of the site of the infamous cavalry assault of 1890.
C) The leader of the confrontation received no support, yet managed to get successful results.
D) The occupation received negligible press coverage.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true of the Termination Act of 1953?

A) It activated recommendations for a period of tax immunity for Americans.
B) It provided funding for the essential federal services.
C) It focused on individual needs in spite of maximizing costs.
D) It resulted in the withdrawal of basic services such as road repair and medical care.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true of the Employment Assistance Program?

A) It is a successful program and is still in place for those who seek assistance.
B) It involved setting up industries near reservations.
C) It provided tax incentives that eventually paid for themselves.
D) It relocated people away from reservations for better jobs opportunities.

Question 36

________, founded in 1944 in Denver, Colorado, was the first national organization representing Native Americans.

A) The National Civic League
B) The American Civil Liberties Union
C) The Association of Young Americans
D) The National Congress of American Indians

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true of the seizure of Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay, in 1969?

A) The island was seized by members of the Alaska Indian Center.
B) The island was an active maximum-security federal prison.
C) The federal government was undecided about how to use it.
D) The Whites cheated the Native Americans by paying them $24 for the property.

Question 38

Which of the following steps taken by the government since World War II has created a new meeting place for Native Americans in cities, far from their native homelands and the reservations?

A) The Johnson-O'Malley Act
B) The Reorganization Act
C) The Indian Claims Commission
D) The Employment Assistance Program

Question 39

Fish-ins argued in accordance with the ________.

A) 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty
B) 1854 Treaty of Medicine Creek
C) 1934 Treaty of Relations
D) 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement

Question 40

Wounded Knee, South Dakota, is the site of the infamous assault in 1890 by ________.

A) White ranchers
B) the Iroquois tribe
C) the Choctaw tribe
D) the U.S. Army

Question 41

In the context of casino gambling, the actual casinos are a form of ________.

A) federal government enterprise
B) tribal government enterprise
C) private business operations
D) public non-profit operations

Question 42

Which of the following is a hallucinogen?

A) Ikwewag
B) Boozhoo
C) powwow
D) peyote

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true of Native American treatments?

A) They encourage patients to contribute to the healing benefits.
B) They are no longer in practice due to pressure on Native Americans to assimilate.
C) They tend to be invasive and recuperation is slow.
D) They were derived from White culture's medicine.

Question 44

The 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act ________.

A) prohibits gambling that was once allowed under state law
B) prohibits hunting of protected animals and birds near reservations
C) allows for negotiated gambling agreements on reservations
D) allows only Indians to gamble on reservations in accordance to their traditions

Question 45

Which of the following statements is true of tribally controlled colleges?

A) They are specialized in providing primary education.
B) They exclusively enroll the Native American women.
C) They provide services such as counseling and childcare.
D) They accept and encourage the assimilationist view.

Question 46

The use of American Indian names as mascots for athletic teams is seen by the Native Americans as ________.

A) a public insult
B) racial profiling
C) a hate crime
D) de facto segregation

Question 47

In 1955, the responsibility for healthcare for Indian Americans through the Indian Health Service transferred from the Bureau of Indian Affairs to the ________.

A) American Medical Association
B) Public Health Service
C) tribal governments
D) state governments

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true of the economic development of Native Americans?

A) Tourism is an important source of employment for many reservation residents.
B) They are more likely to be occupied as managers or administrators.
C) They have higher incomes and lower poverty rates.
D) Casino gambling is prohibited on reservations according to the tribal tradition.

Question 49

The 1794 treaty with the Oneida Indians is primarily associated with ________.

A) healthcare
B) education
C) senior citizen support
D) pension to the handicapped

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true of Native American craftworks?

A) Craftwork is the highest source of profits that meets the needs of Native Americans.
B) The trading-post business has benefited Native American cultures.
C) Selling objects as Native American crafts when it is not is a punishable crime.
D) The Native American craftworks cannot be produced by mechanical duplication.

Question 51

Which of the following statements is true of education among the Cherokee tribe?

A) Through the nineteenth century, schools run by the tribe were completely financed by the federal government.
B) The tribe is opposed to learning the English language.
C) By the mid-1800s, literacy for the tribe was still negligible.
D) The tribe developed an extensive bilingual school system.

Question 52

Which of the following is true of the acknowledgment process established in 1978?

A) It was established by the Department of Justice.
B) According to it, the tribes are required to show that they are a blended group.
C) It was established by the combined efforts of Native American tribes.
D) It was set up to decide if any more tribes needed a government-to-government relationship.

Question 53

Native Americans who oppose gambling on moral grounds do so because ________.

A) they believe the playing field for gambling is uneven
B) gambling detracts politicians from necessary public affairs
C) they believe the casinos trivialize and cheapen their heritage
D) they oppose to the contributions made to politicians involved in policies concerning gambling laws

Question 54

In the context of the economic aspects of gambling, which of the following statements is true?

A) The wealth from reservation casino gambling is evenly sourced and distributed among the recognized Indian tribes.
B) Expansion of non-tribal gambling outlets has led to further growth in receipts on virtually all reservation gaming operations.
C) Reservation casino gambling was boosted further during the recent recession.
D) In 2011, the nationwide receipts from reservation casino operations have been more than Las Vegas and Atlantic City combined.

Question 55

Which of the following best describes a kickout?

A) It refers to a Native American student who leaves school due to an unproductive academic environment.
B) It refers to a person or group blamed irrationally for another person's or group's problems or difficulties.
C) It refers to a Native American who excels in life despite hardships faced in his or her childhood.
D) It refers to a payment made to a casino operator in exchange of favors.

Question 56

In the context of tourism based on Native American heritage, which of the following statements is true?

A) Tourists interpret their experiences to be conflicting with their previously held stereotypes of Native Americans.
B) Enterprises related to tourism have achieved significant success to improve the tribal economy.
C) Native foods and souvenirs are especially sought after by contemporary tourists conscious of the historical context.
D) Tourism, in light of exploitation of tribal people, is a complex interaction of the outside with Native Americans.

Question 57

The assimilationist view argues that to succeed in larger White-dominated society, it is important for Native Americans to ________.

A) start shedding the native beliefs and lifestyles as soon as possible
B) promote embracing the past
C) protest against the education system established by White-dominated society
D) start using curricula that the Native American youth should learn in their homes and communities

Question 58

Which of the following statements regarding the socioeconomic status of Native Americans is accurate?

A) The contemporary Native American population lives entirely on reservations.
B) The Native Americans living on reservations have good quality houses.
C) Native Americans are a highly employed people.
D) Native Americans are an impoverished people.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is true of a standard of ancestry established by recognized tribes?

A) It is used to determine who is a tribal member.
B) It is used to determine the health of a tribe member.
C) It is a unanimously accepted procedure.
D) It is independent of racial purity measures.

Question 60

Which of the following statements is true of tribes that have opened casinos on reservations?

A) The tribes do not pay taxes to local, state, or federal governments.
B) Nationwide, the economic and social impact of the revenue from casinos is limited.
C) Unemployment in the reservations has substantially increased despite the casinos.
D) On the reservations that benefit from gambling enterprises, the family income is significantly higher than for the nation as a whole.

Question 61

Discuss the identity of Native Americans at a micro level.

Question 62

Why hasn't tourism been able to improve the tribal economy significantly?

Question 63

Give an overview of the protest efforts made by Native Americans. Also, mention the outcome of the efforts made.

Question 64

Congress amended the American Indian Religious Freedom Act in 1994 to allow Native Americans the right to ________.

A) perform the Ghost Dance in public places on religious occasions
B) possess and use peyote for religious purposes
C) reclaim Native remains by tribes with authentic claims
D) bury their dead on historically sacred tribal ground

Question 65

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the Reorganization Act of 1934.

Question 66

Why was the passage of Termination Act of 1953 disastrous?

Question 67

Describe the Allotment Act of 1887. What was its outcome?

Question 68

Write a brief note on the federal government's role in supporting the sovereignty of American Indians.

Question 69

What is peyote? What stand has the government taken regarding its use?

Question 70

________ is a term used to describe efforts to ensure that hazardous substances are controlled so that all communities receive protection regardless of race or socioeconomic circumstances.

A) Environmental justice
B) Affirmative action
C) Amalgamation
D) Environmental refuge

Question 71

Describe briefly the economic impact of casino gambling on the Native American community.

Question 72

Describe the provisions of the Employment Assistance Program. What were the consequences of implementing this program?