Deck 9: Latinos: The Largest Minority

Question 1

Which of the following statements about panethnicity is true?

A) A majority of the Latinos in the U.S. tend to take on the label of being "White" or being "Black".
B) Younger immigrants tend to be more panethnic than their parents.
C) The Cuban saying "No soy Hispano, soy Cubano" refers to a rejection of panethnicity.
D) A majority of U.S.-born Latinos are viewed as a third collective group in addition to White and Black Americans.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In the context of Latinos' political presence, the ________ have clearly garnered the allegiance of Hispanics.

A) Republicans
B) Dictators
C) Democrats
D) Communists

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A complicating factor for Latinos in educational attainment is ________.

A) the exorbitant amount of tuition and admission fees
B) the lack of Latino teachers to cater to the needs of Latino students
C) the need for proficiency in English
D) the limited aspirations of Latinos to continue their education

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following Latino communities are citizens by birth?

A) Columbians
B) Mexican Americans
C) Puerto Ricans
D) Cubans

Question 5

A ________ places people along a continuum from light to dark skin color rather than in two or three distinct racial groupings.

A) color gradient
B) color hypothesis
C) color perspective
D) color paradox

Question 6

Which of the following states is home to the largest numbers of Hispanics?

A) New York
B) Montana
C) Hawaii
D) California

Question 7

Legal status is a major issue within the Latino community, except for ________.

A) Mexican Americans
B) Columbians
C) Cubans
D) Puerto Ricans

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true about Latino groups in relation to their economic status?

A) They have stronger financial resources to fall back on.
B) They have stronger financial backgrounds than other cultural groups.
C) Their income is on par with the average White income.
D) Their income has gradually increased over the years.

Question 9

What is the dry foot policy?

A) It refers to the rule that allows asylum to Cubans who reach the United States.
B) It refers to the law that makes new Cuban immigration illegal.
C) It refers to the law that gives refugee status to any Cuban who leaves Cuba.
D) It refers to the rule that allows asylum to Cubans who are picked up at sea.

Question 10

________ refers to a type of evangelical Christianity that is growing in Latin America and is clearly making a significant impact on Latinos in the United States.

Question 11

Refugees of the third major migration, the 1980 Mariel boatlift, from Cuba to the United States are called ________, referring to Mariel, the fishing port from which the boats departed.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about the identity of Hispanics?

A) Latinos and Hispanics feel they share a common name since they share a common identity.
B) Non-Hispanics often view the diverse group of Latino Americans as one collective group.
C) Hispanics share a common historical identity.
D) Hispanics share a common cultural identity.

Question 13

The development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups, such as Hispanics, is called ________.

A) panethnicity
B) ethnocentrism
C) assimilation
D) marginalization

Question 14

Nearly two-thirds of Hispanics in the United States are ________.

A) Colombians
B) Puerto Ricans
C) Cuban Americans
D) Mexican Americans

Question 15

Immigration often produces a(n) ________, which is the immigration of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians to the United States from countries which are in great need of professional workers.

Question 16

Identify a panethnic name used to identify Americans of Spanish or Latin American origin.

A) Guatemalans
B) Puerto Ricans
C) Hispanics
D) Cubans

Question 17

The sharp White-Black divide is absent in home countries of the Latinos, where race, if socially constructed, tends to be along a ________.

A) conflict perspective
B) functionalist perspective
C) contact hypothesis
D) color gradient

Question 18

Which of the following economic trends is prevalent among Hispanics?

A) Hispanics as a group have far overreached the number of White children in poverty.
B) Poor Hispanic children are least likely to have a working parent than White or Black children.
C) Hispanic households appear to have slightly lower levels of median wealth than the African American households.
D) Hispanic households average more than 12 cents for every dollar in wealth owned by White non-Hispanic households.

Question 19

________ are characteristic of Hispanic households.

A) Low levels of wealth
B) High financial resources
C) High levels of accountability
D) Low indemnity levels

Question 20

Terms such as mulatto Colombians and mestizo Hondurans refer to a(n) ________.

A) biological race
B) ethnic class
C) color gradient
D) social gradient

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true about Latinos in relation to education?

A) The most important complicating factor in educational attainment for Latinos is immigration status.
B) Latinos are often stigmatized as being more academically challenged than their White and Asian American peers.
C) The level of attainment by Latinos as measured by years of schooling completed beyond high school remains high.
D) A negative side of Latinos is that they exhibit low aspirations in continuing school.

Question 22

Religious Latinos who are not Catholic ________.

A) do not attend storefront churches
B) feel religion is very important in their daily lives
C) tend to be older
D) are least likely to attend services

Question 23

Pentecostalism and similar faiths are attractive to many Latinos because ________.

A) they hold beliefs against religious experiences such as faith healing
B) they offer followers the opportunity to express their religious fervor openly
C) they originate from the colonies of Central and South America
D) they increase the likelihood of permanent residency to illegal immigrants

Question 24

Which of the following is true about non-Catholic religious Latinos?

A) They tend to be older.
B) They attend independent churches.
C) They are least likely to attend services.
D) They refrain from associating religion to their daily lives.

Question 25

Established political parties began recognizing Latinos as a force in the election process primarily through the ________.

A) poor Hispanic presence at the polls
B) policies that have facilitated English voters
C) growth of the Hispanic population
D) Hispanic presence outside conventional political activities

Question 26

Federal law requires bilingual ballots in voting districts where at least ________.

A) 50 percent of the population back up democratic candidates
B) 5 percent voters do not speak English
C) 71 percent voters in the district are ineligible to vote due to insolvency or lunacy
D) 10 percent of the population is physically disabled or handicapped

Question 27

Which of the following statements represent the educational trends prevalent amongst Latinos?

A) They are more likely to succeed in completing college faster than their White classmates.
B) They are more likely to agree that a college degree is unnecessary to get ahead in life.
C) They are more likely to aspire to enroll in colleges compared to the Whites.
D) They are more likely to have a bachelor's degree than their White counterparts.

Question 28

Which of the following statements reflect the political trends prevalent amongst Latinos?

A) Many Latinos resent that every four years the political movers and shakers rediscover that they exist.
B) Majority of Hispanic voters in the United States prefer the Republicans over the Democrats.
C) Many Hispanics are least interested in voting as they fear being deprived of their permanent residency status.
D) Majority of the Latinos vote for political parties that promote policies with strict immigration laws.

Question 29

Latino community leaders derisively label candidates' fascination with Latino concerns near election time as ________.

A) Hispanic politics
B) Marielitos
C) Mestizo
D) Fiesta politics

Question 30

The Hispanic community's ________ influences politicians to try and gain their support.

A) rapid growth in population
B) increased commitment to a single party
C) limited participation in elections
D) decreased voter registrations

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true about the income and poverty trends of Latino households?

A) Latinos are likely to continue to earn much more annually and also fall back on their many financial resources.
B) The income of Latinos has grown at a faster rate than White Income.
C) Latinos have a stronger financial background than other cultural groups.
D) The gap between the Whites and the Latinos in both income and poverty levels has remained relatively constant.

Question 32

When compared to African Americans, Latinos ________.

A) do not send money abroad to help relatives
B) have limited prospects of a brighter future
C) are more geographically mobile
D) have lower levels of median wealth

Question 33

Which of the following statements reflects the religious profile of Latinos?

A) Majority of the first generation Latinos are Protestants.
B) Majority of the third generation Latinos are Roman Catholics.
C) Latinos are predominantly Catholics.
D) Latinos are predominantly Evangelicals.

Question 34

________ is key to both education and the future economic development of Hispanics.

A) Cultural fragmentation
B) Prejudiced perception
C) Language acquisition
D) Social discrimination

Question 35

The Democrats promoted policies that ________.

A) allowed those who immigrated illegally as children a path to permanent residency
B) encouraged self-deportation for those who immigrated illegally as children
C) encouraged immediate deportation upon detection of illegal immigrants
D) focused primarily on strict immigration laws with a motive to alienate Latinos

Question 36

Many Hispanics were ineligible to vote under the U.S. Constitution because ________.

A) of the unavailability of bilingual voting information
B) they were noncitizens
C) they were not interested in voting
D) political parties refrained from acknowledging them

Question 37

________ was a labor organizer who crusaded to organize migrant farmworkers.

A) César Chávez
B) Fidel Castro
C) Reies López
D) Vicente Fox

Question 38

The central political issue for Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans has been the ________.

A) lack of recognition of the growing Latino presence by political parties
B) residential status of their respective citizens
C) political ambitions of their illegal immigrants
D) political future of their respective island homelands

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true about the political presence of Hispanics prior to the 2010 Congressional elections?

A) The Hispanic presence at the polls had always lived up to the expectations.
B) Hispanics were not interested in voting at the polls.
C) Many Hispanics were ineligible to vote under the U.S. Constitution.
D) Hispanics represented a majority among the electoral candidates.

Question 40

The most important formal organization in the Hispanic community is the ________.

A) court of law
B) family
C) Church
D) government

Question 41

Cuban Americans have selectively accepted ________.

A) the policies promoted by the Republicans
B) the wet foot policy
C) Anglo culture
D) being termed Marielitos

Question 42

Which of the following events will most likely influence Cuban exiles in the United States to return to Cuba?

A) illegal immigrants being deported to Cuba
B) young Cuban Americans accepting Anglo culture
C) Cuban Americans taking an anti-Castro stand
D) the communist government being overturned

Question 43

The wet foot policy refers to the rule that ________.

A) allows Cuban nationals who manage to actually reach the United States to remain
B) Cuban nationals picked up at sea will be sent back to Cuba
C) grants highly trained and skilled Cuban nationals a permanent residency
D) grants permanent residency to Cuban nationals based on their educational qualification

Question 44

The second wave of Cuban immigration began in 1965 as a result of the outcome of a(n) ________ between Cuba and U.S.

A) missile crisis
B) territory purchase
C) war
D) agreement

Question 45

Which of the following is a similarity between freedom flotilla and Irish immigration?

A) They represent immigration based on difficult economic conditions.
B) They represent immigration based on the presence of color gradients.
C) The refugees of both these migrations were called Marielitos.
D) The refugees of both these migrations were exploited for political reasons.

Question 46

Which of the following is true about the current picture of Cuban Americans?

A) Differences between Cuban Americans are eliminated as they follow a single Cuban American lifestyle.
B) The primary adjustment among South Florida's Cuban Americans has been more to Whites than to Latinos.
C) Cuban Americans have been able to immediately establish the kind of life they sought.
D) The relations between Miami's Cuban Americans and other groups have not been perfect.

Question 47

The early immigrants of the first Cuban wave ________.

A) were mostly illiterates
B) were predominantly Protestants
C) had professional or managerial backgrounds
D) did not have to make adjustments to the new life

Question 48

Marielitos refer to ________.

A) clubs that maintain ties with Latin America
B) the third wave refugees from Cuba
C) immigrants from Puerto Rica
D) foreign businesses that operate in Mexico

Question 49

The third largest Hispanic minority group in the United States are ________.

A) Puerto Ricans
B) Mexican Americans
C) Dominicans
D) Cuban Americans

Question 50

The term Marielitos applied to the third major migration from Cuba to the U.S. implies that these refugees were ________.

A) undesirable
B) highly talented
C) Communists
D) skilled professionals

Question 51

Immigrants from Central and South America ________.

A) form coalitions with Cuban Americans, Mexican Americans, or Puerto Ricans
B) lack formal education and shared modest skills
C) have increased in numbers even faster than that of Mexicans or any other group
D) share the same native tongue, Spanish

Question 52

The third wave of immigration from Cuba to the U.S. is referred to as ________.

A) mulatto escape
B) fiesta immigration
C) freedom flotilla
D) chain immigration

Question 53

Which of the following statements pertaining to the first wave of Cuban immigration to the United States is true?

A) The first wave was started through a program of freedom flights-specially arranged charter flights from Havana to Miami.
B) Regular commercial air traffic was halted due to the severing of diplomatic relations by the United States with Cuba.
C) The first wave was considered to be the most controversial to the extent that these refugees were socially undesirable.
D) The first wave stopped with the missile crisis of 1962, when all legal movement between the two nations was halted.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true about the transition phase of members of the freedom flotilla?

A) Adapting to a new environment and culture was easy since it was a small core group.
B) Government assistance to transitioned members was substantial.
C) Most of the members failed to gain acceptance by the Hispanic community.
D) Majority of the members found employment and applied for permanent residency.

Question 55

The Cuban American presence is most notably felt in ________.

A) Atlanta
B) New York
C) Miami
D) El Paso

Question 56

During the 1980 Mariel boatlift, prisoners, mental patients, and drug addicts were sent to the U.S. from ________.

A) El Salvador
B) Dominican Republic
C) Haiti
D) Cuba

Question 57

Latinos adhering to ________ hold beliefs similar to those of evangelicals.

A) Roman Catholicism
B) Fundamentalism
C) Pentecostalism
D) Sectarianism

Question 58

The third wave of Cuban immigrants had a great deal of difficulty in adjusting to their new lives in the United States because ________.

A) they were not welcomed by President Carter
B) they lacked formal education and had fewer skills than previous groups
C) they grew up with pro-American images and developed high expectations
D) the legal movement between the two nations was halted

Question 59

Cuban immigration increased tremendously ________.

A) after the 1959 Cuban Revolution
B) with the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act
C) after Che Batista's assumption of power
D) after the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962

Question 60

In the context of placing people into racial groups, social relations among Central and South American groups with each other, Latinos, and non-Latinos defy ________.

A) naturalization
B) nationalization
C) repatriation
D) generalization

Question 61

How have Central and South Americans contributed to the diversity of the Hispanic peoples in the United States?

Question 62

________ have the highest level among Hispanics in remittances.

A) Puerto Ricans
B) Cuban Americans
C) Mexican Americans
D) Salvadoran Americans

Question 63

Like Mexican Americans, the Salvadorans have created ________ or associations that relate to a specific village that receives remittances.

A) colonias
B) ethnonational clubs
C) hometown clubs
D) maquiladoras

Question 64

Discuss color gradient as a social construction of race. Provide examples that reflect the continuum of color gradient.

Question 65

Central and South American immigrants ________.

A) are always well-documented workers
B) create a brain drain in their home countries
C) experience lesser unemployment rates compared to Whites
D) adapt to a new culture and urban life with ease

Question 66

Which of the following is a reason for the immigration of Central and South Americans to the United States?

A) economic opportunities
B) environmental degradation
C) downward mobility
D) political vendetta

Question 67

Describe the different stages of Cuban immigration to the United States. How does the economy and politics play a part in Cuban to U.S. migration?

Question 68

Do Hispanic Americans prefer a panethnic identity or an identity specific to their country of origin? What is the influence of social class and country of origin on their preferences?

Question 69

Discuss the economic picture for Hispanic Americans as compared to other ethnic groups in the United States.

Question 70

Describe the immigration patterns of Central and South Americans to the United States.

Question 71

________ are monies that immigrants send to their countries of origin.

A) Tariffs
B) Marielitos
C) Remittances
D) Bills

Question 72

Discuss the trends in education among contemporary Latinos.