Deck 1: Exploring Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

Members of a minority or subordinate group ________.

A) generally marry outside their group
B) become a part of the group voluntarily
C) are political equals of the majority group
D) have distinguishing cultural characteristics

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which theory views the global economic system as divided between nations that control wealth and those that provide natural resources and labor?

Answer 2

world systems theory

Question 3

________ occurs when a minority and a majority group combine to form a new group.

A) Expulsion
B) Fusion
C) Annihilation
D) Segregation

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the United States, people have traditionally classified themselves racially as either ________.

A) Protestant or Catholic
B) Democrat or Republican
C) Black or White
D) American or Hispanic

Question 5

According to the spectrum of intergroup status, which of the following relationships is largely unacceptable to the subordinate group?

A) fusion
B) assimilation
C) pluralism
D) extermination

Question 6

In sociology, a majority is the same as a ________.

A) subsidiary group
B) marginalized group
C) dominant group
D) subordinate group

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of a minority or subordinate group?

A) voluntary membership
B) broad spectrum of life's opportunities
C) unequal treatment
D) unawareness of subordination

Question 8

The racial and ethnic landscape is subject to change and different interpretations because ________.

A) it is constructed socially
B) it is conceived naturally
C) it is culturally homogeneous
D) it stagnates racial formation

Question 9

Membership in a dominant or minority group is ________.

A) a personal choice
B) not voluntary
C) not mandatory
D) discretionary

Question 10

Which of the following sentences best represents the sociological concept of minority?

A) a group that experiences a narrowing of life's opportunities
B) a group that consists less than 50 percent of the population
C) a condition defined exclusively in terms of physical traits
D) a condition that does not have negative effects in a democracy

Question 11

The sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed is known as ________.

A) racial formation
B) ethnocentrism
C) stratification
D) racial labeling

Question 12

The conflict perspective is viewed as more radical and activist than functionalism because ________.

A) conflict theorists overlook economic disparity
B) conflict theorists emphasize social change
C) conflict theorists consider the redistribution of resources as unimportant
D) conflict theorists underline social stability

Question 13

In sociology, minority refers to the ________ group.

A) dominant
B) subordinate
C) ruling
D) sovereign

Question 14

The term ________ is used to describe the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation.

Question 15

Which of the following is a reason for members of a subordinate group generally marrying within their group? a. Members of a subordinate group stand to gain economically by marrying within their own group.
B) Members of a subordinate group have a strong sense of group solidarity that discourages marriage to outsiders.
C) It is considered illegal for subordinate group members and dominant group members to marry.
D) The voting rights of members of a subordinate group will be revoked if they marry outside their group.

Question 16

The term ________ is reserved for minorities and the corresponding majorities that are socially set apart because of obvious physical differences.

A) racial group
B) ethnic group
C) economic group
D) religious group

Question 17

A(n) ________ is a subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than do members of a dominant group.

A) minority group
B) governing group
C) stratified group
D) elite group

Question 18

________ describes the outcome of immigrants and their descendants moving in to different classes of the host society.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of gender groups?

A) Women are physically indistinguishable.
B) Membership in gender groups is involuntary.
C) Men are lowered to the position of the social minority.
D) Women encounter prejudice and discrimination.

Question 20

________ are set apart from others because of their national origin or distinctive cultural patterns.

A) Gender groups
B) Ethnic groups
C) Racial groups
D) Formal groups

Question 21

The structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal rewards and power in a society is called ________.

A) emigration
B) stratification
C) marginalization
D) amalgamation

Question 22

According to sociologist Max Weber's classic definition, class refers to social ranking of people who share ________.

A) related cultural values
B) similar perspectives
C) similar wealth
D) similar physical characteristics

Question 23

In 1900, African American sociologist W.E.B. Du Bois called attention to the overwhelming importance of ________ throughout the world.

A) the class structure
B) the color line
C) cultural diversity
D) globalization

Question 24

The concept of race is ________.

A) ascertained by blood type
B) based on economic differences
C) culturally determined
D) socially constructed

Question 25

Ricardo is a White Hispanic residing in the United States. He speaks Spanish and strictly follows a vegetarian diet. Having been brought up in a conservative family, he believes in the sanctity of marriage. He strongly supports the idea that a person should be only with one partner throughout his or her life. His ideologies differentiate him from the dominant population. In this scenario, it is most likely that Ricardo belongs to a(n) ________.

A) racial group
B) ethnic group
C) religious group
D) gender group

Question 26

Sociologists consider Jewish Americans as an ethnic group because ________.

A) culture is a more defining trait for them worldwide than is religious doctrine
B) they share a religious orientation that goes beyond their cultural tradition
C) they are a religious minority in the United States
D) Christianity is the dominant religious tradition in the United States

Question 27

Unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account are known as ________.

A) equities
B) pluralities
C) scapegoats
D) stereotypes

Question 28

Recent research shows that differences in intelligence scores between Blacks and Whites are almost eliminated when ________.

A) they take the exam in a familiar environment
B) adjustments are made for social and economic characteristics
C) spelling and grammatical mistakes are not taken into account
D) Blacks are given additional time to complete the test

Question 29

________ is the ratio of a person's mental age to his or her chronological age, multiplied by 100, with 100 representing average intelligence and higher scores representing greater intelligence.

A) Emotional intelligence appraisal
B) Malleability of intelligence
C) Intelligence quotient
D) Spiritual intelligence

Question 30

Which of the following factors distinguishes ethnic minority groups from the dominant group?

A) skin color
B) religion
C) language
D) physical feature

Question 31

Which of the following perspectives on race and ethnicity tends to emphasize group tensions between the privileged and the exploited? a. conflict perspective
B) labeling perspective
C) ethnocentric perspective
D) functionalist perspective

Question 32

Which of the following theoretical perspectives emphasizes how the parts of society are structured to maintain its stability?

A) conflict perspective
B) functionalist perspective
C) macro-sociological perspective
D) labeling perspective

Question 33

William Ryan's phrase "blaming the victim" refers to ________.

A) the dominance of the minority group over the racial majority
B) the efforts undertaken by society to protect racial and ethnic minorities
C) criticisms made by dominant groups against the government
D) the portrayal of the problems of racial and ethnic minorities as their fault

Question 34

Which of the following statements best defines marginality?

A) the social ranking of people in a country
B) the status of being between two cultures
C) the process of transformation of racial categories
D) the development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups

Question 35

When belief in the inheritance of behavior patterns is coupled with the feeling that certain groups are inherently superior to others, it is called ________.

A) racism
B) pacifism
C) socialism
D) altruism

Question 36

The cultural traits that make groups distinctive usually originate from their ________.

A) religious faiths
B) physical attributes
C) preferences
D) homelands

Question 37

Which of the following theories explains why certain people are viewed as deviant and others engaging in the same behavior as not deviant?

A) ethnocentric theory
B) functionalist theory
C) labeling theory
D) contact theory

Question 38

The idea of biological race is based on the mistaken notion of a ________.

A) genetically isolated human group
B) variation in skin color
C) level of physical attractiveness
D) distinctive cultural pattern

Question 39

The development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups is called ________.

A) ethnocentrism
B) marginality
C) familism
D) panethnicity

Question 40

The Bell Curve presented the research of Herrnstein and Murray on the IQ, where they claimed that ________.

A) 60 percent of IQ is inheritable
B) IQ is independent of one's cultural heritage
C) Whites and Blacks have similar IQ levels
D) women have higher IQ than men

Question 41

The term ________ refers to the forced deportation of people, accompanied by systematic violence including death.

A) apartheid
B) segmented assimilation
C) ethnic cleansing
D) fusion

Question 42

The ________ was the state-sponsored systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany and its collaborators.

A) Bisho massacre
B) Holocaust
C) Zionism
D) Apartheid

Question 43

Which of the following terms describes leaving a country to settle in another?

A) emigration
B) immigration
C) naturalization
D) amalgamation

Question 44

In the context of consequences of subordinate-group status, what does D represent in the equation A+ B+ C → D? a. an ethnocultural-racial group that is forcefully evicted from certain areas or a country
B) the secession of a subordinate group to move to an already-established nation
C) the segregation of a subordinate group imposed by dominant groups
D) an ethnocultural-racial group that shares some of the characteristics of each initial group

Question 45

Secession is ________.

A) the physical separation of two groups in residence, workplace, and social functions
B) the withdrawal of a group of people from a dominant group to establish a new nation
C) the eviction of a specific subordinate group from certain areas or even a nation
D) the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire population or people

Question 46

Which of the following terms refers to the physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social functions? a. assimilation
B) amalgamation
C) segregation
D) pluralism

Question 47

In the context of consequences of subordinate-group status, the equation A + B + C → A describes ________.

A) pluralism
B) amalgamation
C) assimilation
D) segregation

Question 48

________ occurs when a specific subordinate group is forced by dominant groups to leave certain areas or even vacate a country.

A) Expulsion
B) Extermination
C) Segregation
D) Secession

Question 49

The process by which a dominant group and a subordinate group combine through intermarriage to form a new group is known as ________.

A) amalgamation
B) adaptation
C) marginalization
D) pluralism

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true of colonialism?

A) Colonialism is not a rule by outsiders but rather a rule by a nation's inside forces.
B) Colonialism extends usually for a short duration and does not include long-standing control.
C) Colonialism does not involve actual incorporation into the dominant people's nation.
D) Colonial subjects are generally not limited to menial jobs.

Question 51

In certain situations, an individual may respond to stereotypes and act on them, with the result that false definitions become accurate. This is known as ________.

A) ethnic cleansing
B) the melting pot metaphor
C) a self-fulfilling prophecy
D) segmented assimilation

Question 52

The physical separation of racial and ethnic groups reappearing after a period of relative integration is called ________.

A) resegregation
B) recession
C) transitional segregation
D) desegregation

Question 53

The process by which a subordinate individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant group and is eventually accepted as part of that group is known as ________.

A) amalgamation
B) pluralism
C) genocide
D) assimilation

Question 54

________ came to mean a policy of separate development devised by the Whites to deal with the multiracial population in South Africa.

A) Holocaust
B) Apartheid
C) Genocide
D) White flight

Question 55

In everyday speech, the words fusion and amalgamation are rarely used, but the concept is expressed in the notion of a human ________ in which diverse racial or ethnic groups form a new creation, a new cultural entity.

A) ethnic cleansing
B) stereotype
C) class structure
D) melting pot

Question 56

When annexation occurs, ________.

A) the subordinate group is completely evicted from a nation
B) nations seek a separate land particularly after devastation caused by a war
C) the dominant power generally suppresses the language and culture of the minority
D) the minority accepts the culture of the dominant group and loses its cultural integrity

Question 57

According to the spectrum of intergroup status, which of the following relationships is more tolerant to the subordinate group?

A) secession
B) expulsion
C) pluralism
D) extermination

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true of segregation?

A) Generally, the dominant group imposes segregation on a subordinate group.
B) Intergroup contact is highly unlikely to occur in most segregated societies.
C) Complete segregation is a frequent phenomenon.
D) Segregation by race, ethnicity, and religion occurs solely in the U.S.

Question 59

The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over people by a foreign power for an extended period of time is known as ________.

A) republicanism
B) altruism
C) ethnocentrism
D) colonialism

Question 60

The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas is known as ________.

A) communization
B) privatization
C) globalization
D) nationalization

Question 61

Why are many Americans challenged when asked to address the question, "Who am I?" in terms of race and/or ethnicity?

Question 62

Discuss the five functions that racial beliefs serve for the dominant group in accordance with the functionalist perspective.

Question 63

Which of the following statements is true of pluralists?

A) They are in favor of following a homogenous culture. b. They try to impose the dominant group's culture on all subgroups.
C) They seek the elimination of cultural frontiers.
D) They believe in maintaining many ethnic boundaries.

Question 64

Which of the following allows a minority group to express its own culture in the larger society without suffering prejudice or discrimination?

A) assimilation
B) amalgamation
C) segregation
D) pluralism

Question 65

Under which of the following conditions does assimilation tend to take longer?

A) when the minority group arrives over an extended period of time
B) when the minority group residents are dispersed
C) when the homeland of the immigrants is far away and inaccessible
D) when the minority group retains its own culture

Question 66

Explain the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy with appropriate examples.

Question 67

List and explain the five characteristics of a minority or subordinate group.

Question 68

Pluralism implies that ________.

A) diverse groups in a society work toward adopting one homogeneous culture
B) the society aims at eliminating ethnic boundaries
C) various groups in a society have mutual respect for one another's cultures
D) subordinate groups need to embrace the dominant group's culture

Question 69

Discuss how conflict sociologists see the social world as being in continual struggle. When is the conflict model selected?

Question 70

In the context of consequences of subordinate-group status, the equation A + B + C → A + B + C describes ________.

A) amalgamation
B) pluralism
C) assimilation
D) genocide

Question 71

Discuss assimilation.

Question 72

African American studies scholar Molefi Kete Asante has called for an Afrocentric perspective that ________.

A) justifies the slave trade in the US
B) seeks to override Eurocentrism
C) emphasizes the customs of African cultures
D) disregards the history of Blacks in the US

Question 73

Discuss the Afrocentric perspective.

Question 74

Opponents of the Afrocentric perspective see it as ________.

A) a cultural resistance against assimilation with the dominant group
B) an attempt of the African people to come to full self-determination
C) a movement against White and Eurocentric intellectual interpretations
D) a separatist view of history and culture that distorts past and present

Question 75

Explain the social construction of race with an example. Describe the concept of racism.

Question 76

Provide an argument against the statement that "subordinate groups merely accept the definitions and ideologies of the dominant group." Give specific historical and contemporary examples to support your answer.