Deck 17: Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Question 1

Evidence of ________ supports the hypothesis that eukaryotes are derived from bacteria.

A)antibiotic resistance
B)DNA content in the nucleus
C)ribosome contents
D)ribosome contents and DNA content in the nucleus

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What would a fucoxanthin carotenoid stain be most useful in identifying?

A)brown or golden algae
B)flagellated algae
C)photosynthetic diatoms
D)slime molds from other molds

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a unifying characteristic of diplomonads and parabasalids?

A)having flagella
B)lacking chloroplasts
C)lacking mitochondria
D)being multicellular

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Giardia are diplomonads which have nuclei that

A)appear as two separate chromosomes but are weakly joined.
B)contain one small and one large nucleus per cell.
C)have one nucleus enclosed in a mitosome and another nucleus in their cytoplasm.
D)occur as two similar sizes per cell.

Question 5

Many parabasalids lack ________,which makes them different than most other eukaryotes.

A)endoplasmic reticula
B)introns in their genomes
C)mitochondria and hydrogenosomes
D)Golgi complexes

Question 6

A thin,crescent-shaped organism with a single flagellum originating from a basal body and which folds back laterally across the cell would most likely be a member of the genus

A)Trypanosoma.
B)Glossina.
C)Entamoeba.
D)Gambiense.

Question 7

Which statement is TRUE regarding fungal spores?

A)Conidia are asexual spores.
B)Ascospores are sexual spores.
C)Basidiospores are sexual spores.
D)Conidia are asexual spores,and both ascospores and basidiospores are sexual spores.

Question 8

Primary endosymbioses gave rise to ________ and secondary endosymbioses gave rise to ________.

A)chloroplasts in algae / chloroplasts in plants
B)mitochondria in eukaryotes / chloroplasts in eukaryotes
C)chloroplasts and mitochondria in plants and red and green algae / chloroplasts in other eukaryotes
D)chloroplasts and mitochondria in green and red algae / chloroplasts and mitochondria in diatoms

Question 9

Which algae are MOST closely related to plants?

A)red algae
B)green algae
C)brown algae
D)euglenoids

Question 10

Several genes are used in constructing the phylogenetic tree of Eukarya,but the gene(s)encoding for ________ is/are NOT used.

A)ATPase
B)cytoskeleton tubulins
C)RNA polymerase
D)tRNAs

Question 11

Oomycetes ("water molds")contain ________ in their cell walls,while most fungi have ________ in their cell walls.

A)cellulose / chitin
B)chitin / cellulose
C)silica / chitin
D)cellulose / silica

Question 12

Diatoms are

A)an ancient group of algae.
B)more closely related to slime molds than to algae.
C)morphologically symmetric.
D)multicellular phototrophs.

Question 13

Which group of Eukarya has complicated the phylogenetics of the domain by first being thought of as ancient to the more recent view of them being highly derived eukaryotes?

A)dinoflagellates
B)fungi
C)hydrogenosome-containing eukaryotes
D)stramenopiles

Question 14

Which group of eukaryotes LACK alveoli?

A)apicomplexans
B)ciliates
C)dinoflagellates
D)oomycetes

Question 15

Which statement is TRUE regarding the ecological role of plant degradation by fungi?

A)In brown rot the cellulose is attacked preferentially,and the lignin is left unmetabolized.
B)In brown rot the lignin is attacked preferentially,and the cellulose is left unmetabolized.
C)In white rot the cellulose is attacked preferentially,and the lignin is left unmetabolized.
D)In white rot the lignin is attacked preferentially,and the cellulose is left unmetabolized.

Question 16

Which statement BEST describes the habitats of the fungi?

A)Most fungi are aquatic,microscopic,and primarily freshwater.
B)Most fungi are aquatic and primarily marine.
C)Most fungi are terrestrial,microscopic,and inhabit soil or dead plant matter.
D)Most fungi are terrestrial and macroscopic.

Question 17

Of the taxa listed,which is NOT classified as a protist?

A)Amoeba
B)Euglena
C)Giardia
D)Saccharomyces

Question 18

A drug that specifically inhibited the replication of the large DNA mass present in large mitochondria would be MOST effective at killing

A)euglenids.
B)ciliates.
C)Trypanosoma spp.
D)Toxoplasma spp.

Question 19

Endolithic phototrophic communities are MOST common in ________ environments.

A)dry
B)hot
C)humid
D)windy

Question 20

A geologist going through a sediment core is likely to find remnants of ancient calcium carbonate containing ________ and silica containing ________.

A)diatoms / cercozoans
B)cercozoans / diatoms
C)chlorarachniophytes / foraminiferans
D)foraminiferans / chlorarachniophytes

Question 21

In contrast to bacterial endospores,fungal spores LACK ________ resistance.

A)chemical
B)desiccation
C)heat
D)freezing

Question 22

The unusual ability for ________ being flagellated and motile enables ________.

A)ascospores / dispersal in aquatic systems
B)ascospores / spreading of pathogens in blood
C)zoospores / dispersal in aquatic systems
D)zoospores / spreading of pathogens in blood

Question 23

The function of the parabasal body is to

A)allow for photosynthesis to occur.
B)give structural support to the Golgi complex.
C)allow for the formation of energy from aerobic respiration.
D)give structural support to the endoflagellum.

Question 24

Which spores are NOT involved in sexual reproduction of fungi?

A)ascospores
B)basidiospores
C)conidia spores
D)zygospores

Question 25

Ascospores are produced in all of the following taxa EXCEPT

A)Aspergillus.
B)Candida.
C)Rhizopus.
D)Saccharomyces.

Question 26

What are the MOST abundant biomolecules in a typical fungal cell wall?

A)amino acids
B)carbohydrates
C)lipids
D)porins and channels

Question 27

How can the amebozoans,cercozoans,and radiolarians be distinguished from each other with microscopy if they all have pseudopodia?

A)Amebozoans have lobe-shaped pseudopodia,cercozoans and radiolarians both have threadlike pseudopodia,and radiolarians have radial symmetry.
B)Amebozoans have lobe-shaped pseudopodia,and cercozoans are significantly smaller in size but contain threadlike pseudopodia just like radiolarians.
C)Amebozoans have large pseudopodia,cercozoans have lobe-shaped pseudopodia,and radiolarians have radial threadlike pseudopodia.
D)Amebozoans have multiple lobe-shaped pseudopodia,cercozoans have one or two threadlike pseudopodia,and radiolarians have multiple threadlike pseudopodia.

Question 28

The amoebozoa use what structures for movement and feeding?

A)threadlike pseudopodia
B)cilia
C)flagella
D)lobe-shaped pseudopodia

Question 29

For a pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells that were all derived from a single cell to mate,

A)a mating-type switch in one or more cells in the culture must occur.
B)both the α and the a gene must be fully expressed in the population.
C)the α gene must be fully repressed in the population.
D)some cells must exist as diploids.

Question 30

Which microbial group is responsible for massive amphibian die-offs worldwide?

A)cercozoans
B)ciliates
C)chytrids
D)zygomycetes

Question 31

The majority of basidiomycetes living in soil occur as

A)diploid mycelia.
B)diploid basidiocarps.
C)haploid mycelia.
D)haploid basidiocarps.

Question 32

The amoebozoa that are parasitic for humans are the

A)gymnamoebas.
B)radiolarians.
C)entamoebas.
D)oomycetes.

Question 33

Microsporidia were previously thought to be an early-branching taxon of Eukarya due to their parasitic lifestyle.However,new evidence suggests they have evolved into a parasitic lifestyle through adaptive gene loss which places them as close relatives of the zygospore-producing

A)ascomycetes.
B)chytridiomycetes.
C)glomeromycetes.
D)zygomycetes.

Question 34

Obligate symbiotic fungi that form associations with plants by entering the cortical cells of plants without invading the plant cell's membrane are called ________ and include the genus ________.

A)ectomycorrhizae / Agaricus
B)ectomycorrhizae / Glomus
C)endomycorrhizae / Agaricus
D)endomycorrhizae / Glomus

Question 35

A fungal mycelium is a large accumulation of ________,which may appear dusty or fuzzy due to the presence of ________.

A)coenocytes / conidia
B)coenocytes / mycorrhizae
C)hyphae / conidia
D)hyphae / mycorrhizae

Question 36

The earliest diverging lineage of fungi are the

A)chytridiomycetes.
B)zygomycetes.
C)glomeromycetes.
D)ascomycetes.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a member of the Eukarya?

A)protists
B)fungi
C)viruses
D)red algae

Question 38

What phenomenon accounts for the appearance of chloroplasts in some unicellular phototrophic eukaryotes?

A)endosymbiosis
B)secondary endosymbiosis
C)sequencing of chloroplasts' SSU genes
D)horizontal gene transfer

Question 39

Which group of amoebozoans is MOST likely to cause illness in humans?

A)dictyostelium
B)entamoebas
C)gymnamoebas
D)slime molds

Question 40

Spoilage of bread,which appears dark green-blue to black in color,is MOST likely caused by the fungus

A)Aspergillus niger.
B)Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
C)Glomus spp.
D)Rhizopus stolonifer.

Question 41

ALL mushrooms are basidiomycetes.

Question 42

Dinoflagellates have flagella that enable motility and occur in both freshwater and marine waters.

Question 43

The accessory pigment phycoerythrin is dominant in the ________ group of algae,which mostly lack flagella,have multicellular lifestyles,and occur in marine waters.Those in particular which deposit calcium carbonate in coral reef systems are classified as ________ algae.

A)chlorophyte / coralline
B)chlorophyte / rhodolithic
C)rhodophyte / coralline
D)rhodophyte / rhodolithic

Question 44

Despite oomycetes being called "water molds," they are phylogenetically distant from most other fungi.

Question 45

Silica is a characteristic component of diatom and oomycete cell walls.

Question 46

Sporozoites observed in an insect's body likely indicate infection by an apicomplexan.

Question 47

In a freshwater pond,a green alga is likely to be

A)colonial.
B)filamentous.
C)unicellular.
D)colonial,filamentous,multicellular,or unicellular.

Question 48

Divergence of the green and red algal lineages at least partially explains how two different primary endosymbiosis events occurred to form different chloroplast types in different taxa.

Question 49

Stramenopiles are phototrophic microorganisms.

Question 50

Foraminifera that form test structures are exclusively found in marine waters.

Question 51

Some chrysophytes (or "golden algae")are actually chemoorganotrophs rather than phototrophs.

Question 52

The green alga Botryococcus braunii is a candidate for production of biofuel due to its ability to produce

A)and withstand large amounts of alcohols.
B)hydrogen gas.
C)long-chain (C₃₀-C₃₆)hydrocarbons.
D)short-chain (C₈-C₁₄)hydrocarbons.

Question 53

Among protists,only the ciliates have a micronucleus and macronucleus where genes are located in two discrete areas within each cell for redundancy.

Question 54

Slime molds feed by phagocytosis and are more closely related to amoebas than to fungi.

Question 55

What are the two main groups of green algae?

A)chlorophytes and chrysophytes
B)chlorophytes and charophyceans
C)chrysophytes and charophyceans
D)chlorarachniophytes and chlorophytes

Question 56

The DNA in chloroplasts and mitochondria of eukaryotic cells is derived from Bacteria.

Question 57

The endosymbiosis that formed mitochondria likely occurred after eukaryotes developed photosynthetic capabilities.

Question 58

All ciliates have cilia at some point during their life cycle,and some use the cilia not just for movement but also to direct food as well.

Question 59

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA but use the ribosomes of the host cell.

Question 60

Unlike the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetics used to identify relatedness in Bacteria,the 18S rRNA gene is by itself unreliable for phylogeny of members in Eukarya.

Question 61

The chlorophytes use both chlorophylls a and b for photosynthesis,which make them appear green.

Question 62

A polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine,chitin,is a primary component to most fungal cell walls.

Question 63

Consider the development of a fossil record for a watershed.A current inventory of all species already has been taken.Which microorganisms might you first consider looking for with the objective of developing a microbial fossil record? Why? Also,what might depth profiling accomplish?

Question 64

Compare and contrast the life cycles of the cellular and the acellular slime molds.

Question 65

Discuss three findings that support the theory of primary endosymbiosis.

Question 66

There are two different mating types in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and they can switch from one type to another.

Question 67

Compare and contrast the ectomycorrhizae and the endomycorrhizae.

Question 68

How does the genus Pfiesteria cause problems in both humans and fish?

Question 69

Describe the differences between the algae and the cyanobacteria.

Question 70

Chytridiomycosis is thought to be associated with increases in environmental temperature associated with global warming.Design a series of experiments that would help to prove or disprove this hypothesis.

Question 71

Discuss the theory of secondary endosymbiosis and defend the theory by providing evidence that supports it.

Question 72

What is an endolithic algal community? Where are these found,and how do they survive?

Question 73

Hyphae are tubular cell walls that surround the cytoplasmic membrane.

Question 74

Most fungi are aerobic chemoorganotrophs that decompose large molecular weight compounds by secreting extracellular enzymes.

Question 75

Yeasts are immature fungal spores.

Question 76

Describe the mutualistic relationship that arbuscular mycorrhizae form with plants.