Deck 45: Assisting in Endocrinology

Question 1

Oral hypoglycemics are used to treat diabetes type 2.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Patients with diabetes type 1 must take multiple oral or injected doses of insulin throughout the day.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The pancreas is an example of an exocrine gland that produces insulin.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Polyphagia associated with diabetes mellitus means that the patient is extremely thirsty.

Question 5

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that maintains potassium blood levels.

Question 6

Exophthalmia occurs in hypothyroidism.

Question 7

Diabetes mellitus type 1 has a chronic onset and is seen in patients over age 30.

Question 8

The diagnostic criterion for diabetes mellitus type 1 is the absence of insulin production.

Question 9

The normal FBS range is 80 to 120 mg/dL.

Question 10

The goal of diabetic management is to maintain blood glucose levels slightly above normal.

Question 11

A strong relationship exists between a family history of the disease and the development of diabetes type 1.

Question 12

The thymus gland plays a crucial role in T-cell maturation.

Question 13

A patient's activity level does not affect the type and amount of insulin prescribed.

Question 14

Diabetes insipidus is related to glucose metabolism.

Question 15

Cretinism occurs when the thyroid fails to develop properly in an adolescent.

Question 16

The best method of teaching patients with diabetes how to perform glucometer testing is with a handout.

Question 17

Diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus include an FBS greater than 126 mg/dL on more than one occasion.

Question 18

Diabetes type 2 occurs much less frequently than DM type 1.

Question 19

The hypothalamus controls the action of the pituitary gland.

Question 20

Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream, where they are transported to target cells for action.

Question 21

Insulin typically is administered in the vastus lateralis in pediatric patients.

Question 22

A child with hypopituitary dwarfism differs from the growth patterns seen with an inherited form of dwarfism in that the child is shorter than normal but has a normal-sized head and trunk.

Question 23

Most glucometers have a memory function that stores the patient's blood glucose levels over time.

Question 24

Glucagon is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas to stimulate the liver to convert glycogen into multiple glucose molecules.

Question 25

Patients with Addison's disease have characteristics similar to those on long-term corticosteroid therapy.

Question 26

Symlin is an injectable drug that may be prescribed to patients with diabetes type 2 to prevent a rapid increase in blood glucose levels after eating.

Question 27

_________ regulates the amount of calcium in the blood and bones.

A)Parathyroid hormone
B)Thyroxine
C)Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D)Prostaglandins

Question 28

Diabetic nephropathy occurs because of blood vessel damage at the glomerular level of the kidney.

Question 29

An individual with gigantism is at greater risk of developing DM and CHF.

Question 30

A glycosylated hemoglobin level of 7 is equal to a blood plasma glucose level of 170 mg/dL.

Question 31

Insulin is available either as an injected medication or as an inhalant for patients with diabetes mellitus.

Question 32

Patients with DM type 1 must be treated with a complicated combination of diet and exercise and administration of four insulin injections each day.

Question 33

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is associated with pronounced PVD.

Question 34

Diabetes mellitus type 1 has a slow onset because of the gradual destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas.

Question 35

Lispro is a fast-acting type of insulin that is administered shortly before meals.

Question 36

Patients with Addison's disease typically are treated with prednisone.

Question 37

A surgical procedure could prove fatal for a patient with Cushing's syndrome.

Question 38

A patient diagnosed with prediabetes may already have developed vascular and cardiac disease.

Question 39

The first signs of diabetic neuropathy are numbness, pain, or tingling in the hands, feet, or legs.

Question 40

The normal range for a fasting plasma glucose level is 80 to 120 mg/dL.

Question 41

Which endocrine gland regulates electrolyte and fluid homeostasis?

A)Thyroid
B)Parathyroid
C)Cortices of the adrenal glands
D)Pancreatic islets

Question 42

Hypopituitary dwarfism is:

A)associated with enlargement of the extremities
B)caused by a genetic defect in cartilage formation that affects the growth of bone
C)a condition in which a child's height is impaired, but the head and trunk are normal size
D)a hyperfunctioning of the pituitary gland

Question 43

Patients with diabetes insipidus are treated with which of the following medications to prevent fatal dehydration?

A)Desmopressin
B)Flonase
C)Levodopa
D)Calcitonin

Question 44

Which of the endocrine glands produces epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A)Thyroid
B)Adrenal
C)Pituitary
D)Thymus

Question 45

All of the following are symptoms of diabetes insipidus except:

A)low urine specific gravity
B)high blood concentration
C)glycosuria
D)polydipsia

Question 46

A goiter might form because of which of the following problems?

A)Lack of iodine
B)Tumor
C)Infection
D)All of the above

Question 47

Patients with hypothyroidism must take which of the following medications?

A)Levoxyl
B)Novolin
C)Symlin
D)Prandin

Question 48

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the anterior pituitary?

A)PRL
B)ACTH
C)LH
D)ADH

Question 49

Which of the endocrine glands is divided into anterior and posterior lobes?

A)Thyroid
B)Adrenal
C)Pituitary
D)Thymus

Question 50

A patient with acromegaly has which of the following symptoms?

A)Low urine specific gravity
B)Excessive growth during adolescence
C)Arthralgia and excessive sweating
D)Overactive epiphyseal plates

Question 51

Which endocrine gland requires iodine to produce its hormone?

A)Thyroid
B)Thymus
C)Gonads
D)Parathyroid

Question 52

Myxedema is:

A)hypofunctioning of the adrenal glands
B)hirsutism and virilism
C)advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood
D)hot tumor areas in the thyroid gland

Question 53

Which disorder is caused by an overactive adrenal gland?

A)Cushing's disease
B)Addison's disease
C)Diabetes
D)Graves' disease

Question 54

Thyrotoxicosis can result in which of the following symptoms?

A)Exopthalmus
B)Exophthalmos
C)Exophthalmus

Question 55

The islets of which endocrine gland regulate the blood glucose levels?

A)Parathyroid
B)Thyroid
C)Pineal
D)Pancreas

Question 56

The pineal gland excretes which of the following hormones?

A)ADH
B)Aldosterone
C)Melatonin
D)Glucagon

Question 57

Acromegaly is characterized by:

A)hyperfunctioning of the pituitary gland after puberty
B)adenomas of the pituitary gland during adulthood
C)hyperfunctioning of the pituitary gland before puberty
D)A and B

Question 58

Cushing's disease is:

A)a thyroid gland disorder
B)hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex
C)a pancreatic disease
D)hyperfunctioning of the adrenal cortex

Question 59

Which disorder is a common form of hyperthyroidism?

A)Cushing's disease
B)Addison's disease
C)Diabetes
D)Graves' disease

Question 60

A disease that results in enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet, jaws, and cheeks is:

A)acroarthritis
B)acromegaly
C)arthralgia
D)gigantism

Question 61

__________ results in fruity-smelling breath.

Question 62

Diabetic __________ is the leading cause of renal failure in the United States.

Question 63

__________ goiters occur because of lack of iodine in the diet in specific geographic locations.

Question 64

Which of the following is an intermediate-acting insulin that is taken at bedtime to prevent nighttime drops in blood glucose levels?

A)NPH
B)Novolin R
C)NovaLog
D)Aspart

Question 65

The greatest risk for infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes is:

A)pancreatic shut down
B)diabetes type 1
C)macrosomia
D)all of the above

Question 66

Diabetic retinopathy occurs because of which factor?

A)Repeated hypoglycemic episodes
B)Hyperglycemic peaks, which damage the blood vessels feeding the retina
C)It is an inevitable result of diabetes, regardless of how well the person controls FBS levels.
D)Target cell resistance to insulin

Question 67

Patients with diabetes mellitus must be very careful about foot care to prevent complications.Which of the following would be part of a patient education intervention about diabetic foot care?

A)Wash your feet every day with hot water and soap.
B)Check your feet once a week using a mirror if necessary.
C)Cut your nails straight across to avoid ingrown toenails and possible injuries.
D)When wearing open-toed sandals or going barefoot, watch for possible injuries.

Question 68

Byetta may be prescribed for people with diabetes type 2 to promote which of the following?

A)Lowering the blood glucose levels by increasing insulin secretion
B)Decreasing cellular resistance to insulin
C)Helping patients achieve modest weight loss
D)A and C
E)All of the above

Question 69

Severe hypoglycemia in a patient with diabetes who takes insulin may result in which of the following?

A)Insulin shock
B)Diabetic coma

Question 70

Which of the following is the most correct explanation of diabetes mellitus type 2?

A)The patient typically has no family history of diabetes.
B)It usually is seen only in patients over age 40.
C)Patients are at great risk of developing cardiovascular complications over time.
D)Patients with this type of diabetes will never have to take insulin for blood glucose control.

Question 71

Typical symptoms of diabetes mellitus include which of the following?

A)Hypertension and kidney stones
B)Polydipsia, polyphagia, and rapid weight loss
C)Frequent infections and hyperpigmentation
D)All of the above

Question 72

You have just received the laboratory results for a patient suspected of having prediabetes.What would you expect the lab work to show?

A)An FBS of 100 to 125 mg/dL
B)A 2-hour OGTT over 200 mg/dL
C)A glycosylated hemoglobin level less than 8%
D)All of the above

Question 73

Which statement is true about ketone bodies?

A)They are a waste material of fat metabolism.
B)They are created in the bloodstream when protein must be used for energy.
C)They occur when a patient with diabetes does not have enough insulin available to attach to glucose in the bloodstream.
D)Both A and C are true.

Question 74

Which of the following is one of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus?

A)Plasma glucose level of 210 mg/dL
B)FPG of 126 mg/dL
C)OGTT result of 180 mg/dL
D)Glycosylated hemoglobin >6%

Question 75

Which of the following is true about endemic goiters?

A)They are caused by a lack of iodine in the diet.
B)They are caused by a thyroid tumor.
C)They can result in weight loss.
D)They are restricted to specific geographic areas.
E)Both A and D are true.

Question 76

A patient diagnosed with __________ has a deficiency of all the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary; therefore, the symptoms reflect systemic inactivity of all of the glands stimulated by the anterior pituitary hormones.

Question 77

Patients with diabetes __________ have a problem with target cell response to insulin.

Question 78

Gestational diabetes can be extremely dangerous for both mother and infant.Because of this, what is recommended for all pregnant women?

A)They should start taking Glucophage in the third trimester.
B)They should limit weight gain to 25 pounds during the pregnancy.
C)All pregnant women should be screened for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy.
D)Both A and C are recommended.

Question 79

Which of the following are oral hypoglycemics that are prescribed for the management of diabetes mellitus type 2?

A)Prandin, Avandia, and Glucophage
B)Lente and Lantus
C)Byetta and Symlin
D)A and C

Question 80

Which statement is true about the macrovascular diseases that can occur in people with diabetes?

A)The longer the patient has had diabetes, the greater the risk of CAD.
B)These diseases are seen only seen in people with diabetes type 1.
C)Individuals with diabetes are more likely to have hypotension than hypertension.
D)PVD is due to blood clot formation in the large vessels.