Deck 3: Prenatal Development

Question 1

The zygote attaches to the uterine wall during the _____ period.

A)germinal
B)embryonic
C)fetal
D)blastoderm

Answer 1

A
Explanation: The germinal period includes the creation of the fertilized egg,called a zygote,cell division,and the attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall.

Question 2

Which of the following structures of an embryo are derived from the ectoderm?

A)Nervous system and brain
B)Muscles and bones
C)Digestive and respiratory systems
D)Circulatory system

Answer 2

A
Explanation: The ectoderm is the outermost layer of cells in an embryo,which will become the nervous system and brain,sensory receptors and skin parts.

Question 3

During implantation,the zygote attaches to the wall of the:

A)ovaries.
B)vagina.
C)uterus.
D)fallopian tubes.

Answer 3

C
Explanation: Implantation,the attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall,takes place about 10 to 14 days after conception.

Question 4

A fertilized egg is also known as a(n):

A)fetus.
B)zygote.
C)embryo.
D)blastocyst.

Question 5

The embryonic period lasts from:

A)ten to sixteen weeks after conception.
B)two to eight weeks after conception.
C)eight to ten weeks after conception.
D)zero to two weeks after conception.

Question 6

Which of the following terms refers to an outer layer of cells that develops during the germinal period and later provides nutrition and support for the embryo?

A)Ectoderm
B)Endoderm
C)Blastocyst
D)Trophoblast

Question 7

Yolanda's doctor told her that her baby might be born with problems in her respiratory and digestive systems.According to the doctor,there was a problem in the formation of the:

A)ectoderm.
B)endoderm.
C)mesoderm.
D)trophoderm.

Question 8

The circulatory system develops from the:

A)ectoderm.
B)mesoderm.
C)endoderm.
D)trophoderm.

Question 9

During which prenatal period are the placenta and the umbilical cord formed?

A)Zygotic
B)Germinal
C)Embryonic
D)Fetal

Question 10

When a blood test was performed on Cindy's fetus,the doctors found some of Cindy's red blood cells in the fetus's circulatory system.We know that this:

A)is normal,since the mother is the source of red blood cells for the fetus.
B)is normal,since the mother's red blood cells are a source of oxygen for the fetus.
C)indicates a problem with the placenta,which should block the mother's red blood cells.
D)indicates a problem with the amnion,which should eliminate the mother's red blood cells.

Question 11

A(n)_____ later develops into an embryo.

A)placenta
B)ectoderm
C)trophoblast
D)blastocyst

Question 12

The germinal period is approximately _____ long.

A)one month
B)two weeks
C)one week
D)two months

Question 13

The germinal period includes:

A)formation of the amnion.
B)formation of the placenta.
C)creation of the zygote.
D)creation of the organs.

Question 14

Harry was born with defects in the excretory system and the reproductive system.Most likely,Harry's problems came from defects in the formation of the:

A)ectoderm.
B)endoderm.
C)mesoderm.
D)trophoderm.

Question 15

Fertilization usually occurs in the:

A)ovary.
B)uterus.
C)vagina.
D)fallopian tube.

Question 16

Implantation takes place about _____ after conception.

A)10 to 14 days
B)20 days
C)25 to 30 days
D)40 days

Question 17

The _____ consists of a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not join.

A)umbilical cord
B)amnion
C)placenta
D)endoderm

Question 18

Which of the following structures of an embryo are derived from the endoderm?

A)Hair,skin,and nails
B)Muscles and bones
C)Digestive and respiratory systems
D)Nervous system

Question 19

The endoderm,ectoderm,and mesoderm form during the _____ period.

A)fetal
B)zygotic
C)germinal
D)embryonic

Question 20

Juan was born with defective vision and diminished auditory abilities.Most likely,Juan's problems came from defects in the formation of the:

A)ectoderm.
B)endoderm.
C)mesoderm.
D)trophoderm.

Question 21

The neural tube eventually becomes the:

A)spinal cord.
B)optic nerve.
C)umbilical vein.
D)placenta.

Question 22

The doctor has told Sheryl and Jason that their unborn baby is having problems because of significant changes in the temperature around the fetus.The most likely explanation for this problem is that the _____ has failed to perform its protective function.

A)uterus
B)amniotic fluid
C)placenta
D)trophoblast

Question 23

Which of the following occurs during the embryonic period of prenatal development?

A)A growth spurt occurs in the body's lower parts.
B)The life-support systems for the embryo develop.
C)All the major reflexes appear.
D)The mother can feel arm and leg movements.

Question 24

Tamika says that she is currently in the longest period of her pregnancy.Tamika's pregrenancy is in the_____ period.

A)germinal
B)embryonic
C)fetal
D)zygotic

Question 25

Which of the following events in fetal growth occurs during the last two months of pregnancy?

A)Heartbeat begins
B)Irregular breathing begins
C)Organogenesis occurs
D)Fatty tissues develop

Question 26

Now that Chloe is pregnant,she will have to increase several nutrients over the recommended daily allowance (RDA)for nonpregnant women.Which of the following nutrients should have the largest percentage increase?

A)Vitamin A
B)Riboflavin
C)Iron
D)Calcium

Question 27

When do the germinal and embryonic periods occur?

A)First trimester
B)First and second trimesters respectively
C)Second trimester
D)Second and third trimesters respectively

Question 28

Which of the following happens toward the end of a baby's development in the womb?

A)Irregular breathing movements occur.
B)The grasping reflex develops.
C)Fetal movements are felt by the mother.
D)The fetus gains most of its weight.

Question 29

The fetal period ends:

A)at the end of the first trimester.
B)when implantation is complete.
C)at the end of the third trimester.
D)when the heart begins to beat.

Question 30

Neurogenesis begins to take place at about the:

A)fifth prenatal week.
B)tenth prenatal week.
C)fifteenth prenatal week.
D)twenty-second prenatal week.

Question 31

A mother can feel arm and leg movements of her unborn child for the first time during the _____ period.

A)zygotic
B)germinal
C)embryonic
D)fetal.

Question 32

_____ occurs when the head end of the neural tube fails to close.

A)Megalencephaly
B)Anencephaly
C)Rachischisis
D)Spina bifida

Question 33

Viability (the chances of surviving outside the womb)occurs:

A)at the very end of the third trimester.
B)toward the middle of the second trimester.
C)at the very end of the second trimester.
D)toward the middle of the third trimester.

Question 34

The baglike structure that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats is called the:

A)placenta.
B)fallopian tube.
C)amnion.
D)uterus.

Question 35

Juanita is having a normal pregnancy and the fetus is developing well.However,she has recently picked up an infection and bacteria have accumulated in her blood stream.We know that,most likely:

A)many of these bacteria will be able to enter the fetus's circulation.
B)the bacteria will be eliminated by the white blood cells of the fetus.
C)the bacteria will be eliminated by the antimicrobicidal secretions of the amnion.
D)the placental wall will block the bacteria from entering the fetus.

Question 36

Which of the following makes up the largest portion of weight gain during pregnancy?

A)Tissue fluid
B)Increased blood volume
C)Uterus and breasts
D)Fetus,placenta,and amniotic fluid

Question 37

Which of the following is most likely to pass through the placental wall?

A)Carbon dioxide
B)Most bacteria
C)Red blood cells
D)Hormones

Question 38

Irregular breathing movements begin occurring in the fetus by the end of the _____ month.

A)third
B)fourth
C)fifth
D)sixth

Question 39

_____ is the name given to the process of organ formation during the first two months of prenatal development.

A)Mitosis
B)Organogenesis
C)Fertilization
D)Implantation

Question 40

Which of the following is least likely to pass through the placental wall?

A)Carbon dioxide
B)Water
C)Salt
D)Hormones

Question 41

Cigarette smoking by pregnant women has been associated with a higher incidence of:

A)spontaneous abortion.
B)facial deformities.
C)defective newborn reflexes.
D)sudden infant death syndrome.

Question 42

Jamie was born with facial deformities and defects of the limbs,face,and heart.Jamie is also below average in intelligence.Jamie's mother most likely consumed _____ during pregnancy.

A)alcohol
B)caffeine
C)heroin
D)nicotine

Question 43

Which of the following activities should be avoided during pregnancy?

A)cycling
B)downhill snow skiing
C)swiming
D)walking

Question 44

Which of the following is true regarding teratogens?

A)Teratogens cause anatomical defects after organogenesis is complete.
B)A fetus is most vulnurable to teratogens during the fetal period.
C)Practically every fetus is exposed to at least some teratogens.
D)Potential effects of most teratogens become apparent at birth.

Question 45

Sheila wants to have a baby.She drinks one to two drinks a day.She has vowed that as soon as she finds out she is pregnant she will stop drinking completely.Sheila does not realize that:

A)alcohol can cause adverse effects only after the germinal period.
B)moderate drinking of alcohol during pregnancy does not affect the fetus.
C)alcohol does not cause any adverse effect during the embryonic period.
D)consumption of alcohol during the week of conception increased the risk of early pregnancy loss.

Question 46

Any agent that can potentially cause a physical birth defect is known as a:

A)mutagen.
B)pyrogen.
C)zymogen.
D)teratogen.

Question 47

During the second or third trimester of pregnancy,prenatal classes focus on:

A)preparing for the birth.
B)development of the embryo and fetus.
C)sexuality during pregnancy.
D)nutrition,rest,and exercise.

Question 48

The probability of a structural defect is greatest _____,when organs are being formed.

A)at the end of the fetal period
B)early in the germinal period
C)early in the embryonic period
D)at the time of implantation

Question 49

Frank smokes two packs of cigarettes a day.His wife,Lauren,is pregnant and the doctor is concerned that Frank's smoking will result in the baby's:

A)developing FASD after birth.
B)developing facial deformities.
C)gaining less weight than is healthy.
D)being born with heart defects.

Question 50

If Jennifer wants to reduce the risk of having a baby with a birth defect caused by an environmental substance like drugs or alcohol,she should try her best to avoid these substances during:

A)conception.
B)gametogenesis.
C)the fetal period.
D)the embryonic period.

Question 51

The word teratogen comes from the Greek word tera,which means:

A)poison.
B)monster.
C)defect.
D)sorrow.

Question 52

After _____ is complete,teratogens can no longer cause anatomical defects.

A)morphogenesis
B)organogenesis
C)histogenesis
D)embryogenesis

Question 53

Which of the following exercises is recommended the least for the latter part of pregnancy?

A)Bicycling
B)Walking
C)Swimming
D)Jogging

Question 54

_____,like cocaine,speeds up an individual's nervous system.

A)Heroin
B)Marijuana
C)Methamphetamine
D)Alcohol

Question 55

A cluster of abnormalities that appear in a newborn and include facial and limb deformities and defects of the limbs,face,and heart are known as:

A)cocain-induced syndroms.
B)embryonic nicotine syndroms.
C)drug-induced fetal disorders.
D)fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

Question 56

Now that Denise is pregnant,she needs to increase her daily vitamin intake.The intake of which of the following vitamins should be increased the most?

A)Vitamin C
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin E
D)Vitamin A

Question 57

Exposure to teratogens during the fetal period will most likely:

A)cause anatomical defects.
B)lead to faulty organ functioning.
C)result in miscarriage.
D)affect implantation of the zygote.

Question 58

Children born to cocaine-using mothers are likely to:

A)be born with facial and limb deformities.
B)have neurological and cognitive deficits.
C)succumb to sudden infant death syndrome.
D)be born with heart defects.

Question 59

Gina is pregnant and is a heavy smoker.Her baby is more likely to experience _____ than the baby of a nonsmoker.

A)facial and limb deformities
B)sudden infant death syndrome
C)anatomical defects of the heart
D)defective reflexes

Question 60

Early prenatal classes often discuss:

A)preparations for the birth.
B)infant care issues.
C)postpartum self-care.
D)sexuality during pregnancy.

Question 61

If a mother has been diagnosed as having the AIDS virus,which of the following is most likely to be suggested to help reduce the likelihood that the AIDS virus will be transmitted to her fetus?

A)Testing the baby for infection early in the pregnancy
B)Vaccinating the fetus while in the womb
C)Treating the mother with AZT during pregnancy
D)Breastfeeding the baby as soon as it is born

Question 62

At what stage of pregnancy is syphilis most likely to be damaging?

A)Four months or more after conception
B)During conception
C)During implantation
D)In the first trimester of pregnancy

Question 63

When a mother's blood type is Rh negative and the child's blood type is Rh positive:

A)there is no available medical treatment for such incompatibility of blood types.
B)certain prescription drugs can be taken by the mother to keep the baby safe.
C)breastfeeding is not recommended for the first two months.
D)the baby may be given blood transfusions before or immediately after birth.

Question 64

_____ is a sexually transmitted infection and it damages organs after they have formed.

A)Rubella
B)Eczema herpeticum
C)Pseudoangiomatosis
D)Syphilis

Question 65

A woman with which of the following diseases is most likely to deliver a very large infant (weighing 10 pounds or more)?

A)AIDS
B)Rubella
C)Gestational diabetes
D)Syphilis

Question 66

The greatest risk for prenatal defects exists when a mother contracts rubella:

A)in the third month of pregnancy.
B)in the second trimester of pregnancy.
C)right before birth.
D)in the third or fourth week of pregnancy.

Question 67

The U.S.Food and Drug Administration has given the following recommendations for women of childbearing age and young children: Eat up to 12 ounces (two average meals)a week of:

A)swordfish.
B)shark.
C)king mackerel.
D)catfish.

Question 68

Pregnant women under stress are more likely to:

A)have babies with limb defects.
B)have babies who will develop high blood pressure.
C)feel morning sickness after conception.
D)deliver their babies prematurely.

Question 69

While pregnant,Diana experienced several traumatic life changes.She separated from her husband,discovered that her mother was seriously ill,and began a more stressful job.Diana is at increased risk for having a child with _____.

A)facial deformities.
B)heart defects.
C)defects of limbs.
D)attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Question 70

If a mother's total caloric intake and intake of proteins,vitamins,and minerals is insufficient,then the children born to such mothers are more likely to:

A)develop eating disorders as adolescents.
B)develop heart diseases.
C)have brittle bones.
D)be malformed.

Question 71

Folic acid,a B-complex vitamin,is important in preventing:

A)brittle bones.
B)neural tube defects.
C)facial deformities.
D)cognitive problems.

Question 72

Sharon,who is seven months pregnant,just visited her doctor,who discovered that she has a particular disease.The doctor said that if he performs a cesarean section near her due date she will not pass her disease on to her child.Sharon is most likely suffering from:

A)genital herpes.
B)rubella.
C)syphilis.
D)toxoplasmosis.

Question 73

The Rh factor can result in a risk to a child if the:

A)fetus's blood is Rh negative and the mother's is Rh positive.
B)fetus's blood is Rh positive and the mother's is Rh negative.
C)father's Rh factor and the mother's Rh factor are both negative.
D)father's Rh factor and the mother's Rh factor are both positive.

Question 74

Mary,a 16-year-old,found out she was pregnant and went to a clinic to get some advice.There she learned that babies born to adolescent mothers are:

A)often stillborn and have higher infant mortality rates.
B)more prone to be born with facial and limb deformities.
C)at a higher risk for developing behavioral disorders.
D)more likely to develop eating disorders as adolescents.

Question 75

_____ has been linked with high infant mortality,developmental and behavioral problems,and low birth weight.

A)Heroin
B)Marijuana
C)Methamphetamine
D)Cocaine

Question 76

Jo-mei is 14 years old and pregnant.Compared to a pregnant woman in her twenties,Jo-mei is more likely to have:

A)a baby with Down syndrome.
B)a baby with a propensity for high blood pressure.
C)a baby that dies shortly after birth.
D)difficulty getting pregnant a second time.

Question 77

Advanced maternal age confers a much greater risk of having a baby with _____.

A)heart defects
B)Down syndrome
C)diabetes
D)respiratory diseases

Question 78

The U.S.Food and Drug Administration has given the following recommendations for women of childbearing age and young children: Don't eat:

A)swordfish.
B)shrimp.
C)salmon.
D)catfish.

Question 79

Which of the following is a risk factor for dwarfism?

A)Father's smoking
B)Father's use of cocaine
C)Father's alcohol consumption
D)Father's age

Question 80

Which of the following is a risk factor for Marfan syndrome?

A)Father's smoking
B)Father's use of cocaine
C)Father's alcohol consumption
D)Father's age