Deck 4: Birth

Question 1

Which of the following events happen during the stage of afterbirth?

A)The baby emerges from the mother's body.
B)The mother receives oxytocic medications.
C)The baby is assessed for any life-threatening conditions.
D)The placenta,umbilical cord,and other membranes are expelled.

Answer 1

D
Explanation: Afterbirth is the third stage,at which time the placenta,umbilical cord,and other membranes are detached and expelled.

Question 2

At which stage of the birth process is the amniotic sac most likely to rupture?

A)Stage one
B)Stage two
C)Stage three
D)Stage four

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Compared with physicians,certified nurse-midwives generally:

A)spend less time with women during prenatal visits.
B)place less emphasis on counseling and education.
C)provide more emotional support.
D)work on high-risk pregnancies.

Answer 3

C
Explanation: Compared with physicians,certified nurse-midwives generally spend more time with patients during prenatal visits,place more emphasis on patient counseling and education,provide more emotional support,and are more likely to stay with the patient during the entire labor and delivery process.

Question 4

The _____ stage of the birth process is the longest one.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 5

Katy is having her first child.The first birth stage has already gone past 16 hours and yet,her cervix has dilated only about 3 inches.Her doctor has recommended that she be given _____ to speed up the labor process.

A)analgesics
B)anesthetics
C)diuretics
D)oxytocics

Question 6

A(n)_____ takes care of a woman giving birth by providing continuous physical,emotional,and educational support to the mother before,during,and after childbirth.

A)registered nurse
B)doula
C)obstetrician
D)physician

Question 7

The _____ birth stage terminates when baby completely emerges from the mother's body.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 8

Which of the following is a feature of the first stage of birth?

A)Contractions expelling the baby's head from the mother's body
B)Contractions causing the cervix to stretch and dilate to about 4 inches
C)Contractions expelling the umbilical cord from the uterus
D)Contractions detaching and expelling the placenta and other membranes

Question 9

Holly Brooks has just received a call from Lisa,one of her clients,informing her that she is in labor and will be arriving at the hospital shortly.Holly changes her plans for the day and reaches the hospital to assist Lisa throughout her labor.She reminds Lisa of all the relaxation techniques they had practiced,and provides her with support and encouragement when the pain becomes intolerable for Lisa.She also communicates Lisa's needs and concerns to the doctor delivering her baby.Once the baby is born,Holly places the baby on Lisa's chest and smiles.Holly is Lisa's

A)obstetrician.
B)gynecologist.
C)doula.
D)emergency physician.

Question 10

The major activity of the third birth stage is the:

A)emergence of the baby from the mother's body.
B)dilation of the cervix and rupture of the amniotic sac.
C)movement of the baby through the birth canal.
D)expulsion of the placenta,umbilical cord,and other membranes.

Question 11

Katy,who is expecting her first baby,is in the 42nd week of her pregnancy.Her doctor has recommended that she be given _____ to induce labor.

A)analgesics
B)anesthetics
C)diuretics
D)oxytocics

Question 12

The second stage of birth begins when the:

A)baby's head starts to move through the cervix and the birth canal.
B)cervix begins to stretch and open to about 4 inches to facilitate the baby's movement.
C)placenta emerges from the mother's body.
D)baby completely emerges from the mother's body.

Question 13

The birth process occurs in _____ stages.

A)two
B)five
C)three
D)four

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true regarding research on doulas?

A)Researchers have found positive effects when a doula is present at the birth of a child.
B)Compared with physicians,doulas generally spend less time with each patient.
C)Doula-supported mothers show increased signs of depression in the postpartum period.
D)Research has shown a negligible correlation between doulas and childbirth outcomes.

Question 15

Abby's husband and doula are holding her hands and constantly encouraging her to bear down a little harder.Abby's husband has just told her that the he can already see the face of their baby and with just a little more effort,the birth process would be complete.Abby is in the _____ stage of birth.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)final

Question 16

Which of the following is true with regard to anesthesia?

A)Anesthesia is mostly used in late second-stage labor.
B)Anesthesia is used to stimulate contractions.
C)General anesthesia can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta.
D)A general anesthesia is a regional anesthesia that numbs only the lower half of the mother's body.

Question 17

_____ are drugs that are used to relieve pain.

A)Diuretics
B)Analgesics
C)Antiemetics
D)Antihistamines

Question 18

Afterbirth is the _____ stage in the birth process.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true about the third stage of birth?

A)It lasts a few hours.
B)It is the longest stage.
C)It lasts only minutes.
D)It is called the postpartum period.

Question 20

During which stage of the birth process does the baby pass through the birth canal?

A)Stage one
B)Stage two
C)Stage three
D)Stage four

Question 21

Carlotta has just been told that her baby is in a breech position.This means that:

A)the baby's head is crowning and the birth is progressing naturally.
B)the baby's potential respiratory problems need to be considered.
C)the baby is most likely to emerge head first,followed by the body.
D)the baby's position is typical and that complications are unlikely to occur.

Question 22

Keesha is experiencing a lot of pain during her labor.Which of the following medications is her doctor likely to use in order to numb her body from the waist down?

A)Oxytocin
B)General anesthesia
C)Epidural block
D)Terbutaline

Question 23

Natural childbirth and prepared childbirth are different from each other in that:

A)natural childbirth places special emphasis on the doula's role during labor.
B)prepared childbirth places special emphasis on the doctor's role during labor.
C)natural childbirth focuses more on medical and surgical interventions.
D)prepared childbirth focuses more on anatomy and physiology.

Question 24

Oxytocin is a synthetic hormone that:

A)stimulates contractions.
B)reduces the mother's pain.
C)relaxes the baby.
D)slows down the childbirth process.

Question 25

Norah is in the hospital in the 41ˢᵗ week of her first pregnancy.She has just been informed that her baby is lying crosswise in her uterus.The doctor also added that the baby has some respiratory irregularities.Which of the following is the doctor most likely to recommend?

A)Giving Norah a general anesthesia to ease the childbirth process
B)Recommending that Norah wait a bit longer before inducing labor
C)Conducting a cesarean section for Norah's baby at the earliest
D)Inducing labor and helping Norah through a natural childbirth

Question 26

After discovering that they were expecting their first baby,Mark and Maxine began looking for ways in which they could prepare for this birth.Maxine was insistent that she did not want to be heavily medicated during the delivery.The couple agreed that they would prefer learning certain self-regulatory behaviors rather than relying on medications to make the birth easier.In order to do so,they enrolled in classes that coached them extensively in the physiology and anatomy of the birth process.They also learnt to practice a special breathing technique to control pushing in the final stages of labor.With this knowledge and Mark's support and encouragement,Maxine was able to deliver a healthy full term baby without any medical or surgical interventions.From the scenario,we can say that Mark and Maxine opted for a(n)_____ in order to have their baby.

A)cesarean section
B)prepared childbirth approach
C)waterbirth approach
D)induced labor approach

Question 27

Which of the following is true with regard to a cesarean delivery?

A)It is performed when the baby's head comes through the vagina first.
B)Cesarean deliveries are rarely conducted in hospitals today.
C)It involves the baby being removed from the mother's uterus through an incision made in her abdomen.
D)Elective cesarean delivery is medically safe from 32 weeks of gestation onward unless there is an indication of fetal lung maturity.

Question 28

Keesha is very keen on staying alert and conscious throughout the delivery process but she is experiencing a lot of pain during her labor.Her doctor suggests that the best option for her would be to receive a(n)_____ to relieve her pain and retain awareness throughout the delivery.

A)oxytocic medication
B)analgesic
C)epidural block
D)oral anesthetic

Question 29

When babies are born,they are covered with a protective skin grease called:

A)Wharton's jelly.
B)vernix caseosa.
C)meconium.
D)lanugo.

Question 30

The prepared childbirth method,which involves a special breathing technique to control pushing in the final stages of labor,was developed by:

A)Grantly Dick-Read.
B)Ferdinand Lamaze.
C)T.Berry Brazelton.
D)Tiffany Field.

Question 31

Laura had informed her doctor that she wanted to have a natural birth without too many medical and surgical interventions right in the beginning of her pregnancy.However,the doctor has just informed her husband that the delivery is taking too long.With this in mind,they want her husband to give consent for an emergency cesarean section.Which of the following is most likely to happen to the baby if Laura's husband refuses to give consent for the cesarean section?

A)Cord around neck
B)Anoxia
C)Complications of cesarean section
D)Hyperglycemia

Question 32

Natural childbirth aims to reduce the mother's pain by:

A)reducing her fears and increasing her ability to relax.
B)encouraging women to opt for cesarean deliveries.
C)easing the birth process with the use of anesthetics.
D)increasing the duration of labor and childbirth process.

Question 33

Which of the following factors is not emphasized by prepared childbirth methods?

A)Relaxation
B)Education
C)Medication
D)Support

Question 34

Which of the following is thought to help protect the baby's skin against heat loss before and during birth?

A)Sebum
B)Vernix caseosa
C)Meconium
D)Wharton's jelly

Question 35

During the birth process,the baby's body secretes large quantities of _____ to help the baby withstand the stress of birth.

A)oxytocin and pitocin
B)vernix caseosa and Wharton's jelly
C)prostaglandins
D)adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 36

If the delivery takes too long,the baby can develop _____.

A)anesthesia
B)anorexia
C)anoxia
D)alexia

Question 37

Natural childbirth is a method that was developed in 1914 by:

A)Grantly Dick-Read.
B)Ferdinand Lamaze.
C)T.Berry Brazelton.
D)Tiffany Field.

Question 38

The largest number of cesarean sections is performed in _____.

A)the United States
B)France
C)Germany
D)the United Kingdom

Question 39

The obstetrician has suggested that Whitney opt for a cesarean section to deliver her baby.Which of the following would be a good reason for Whitney's doctor to recommend a cesarean section?

A)Whitney's baby is positioned in such a way that he/she would emerge normally.
B)Whitney was experiencing severe vaginal bleeding.
C)Whitney's baby was in no risk of respiratory complications and anoxia.
D)Whitney was 39 weeks pregnant.

Question 40

Which of the following is a current trend seen in the use of medication for childbirth in the United States?

A)There is a complete avoidance of any medication during childbirth as it is considered harmful for the baby and the mother.
B)There is a widespread used of general anesthesia as it is medically safe.
C)There is moderate use of medication combined with techniques of natural or prepared childbirth.
D)Narcotics,tranquilizers,and epidural blocks are the most commonly used medications for women in labor as they are medically safe in high doses.

Question 41

An extremely low birth weight infant weighs less than _____ pounds at birth.

A)3.5
B)4.0
C)5.5
D)2.0

Question 42

The Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale is typically performed:

A)within the first five minutes after birth.
B)within 24 to 36 hours after birth.
C)between 1-3 years of age.
D)immediately after birth only for "at-risk" infants.

Question 43

Which of the following differentiates between the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)and the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS)?

A)The NBAS must be used within minutes after birth to be accurate,while the NNNS can be used for infants between 0-3 years of age.
B)The NBAS was developed to assess normal,healthy,full-term infants,while the NNNS was developed to assess the "at-risk" infant.
C)The NBAS can be used in conjunction with prenatal diagnostic tests,while the NNNS can be used only after the birth of the baby.
D)The NBAS is used only for low birth weight infants,while the NNNS is used for preterm and small for date infants.

Question 44

The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale is primarily used to determine a newborn's:

A)attachment styles with the parents and other caregivers.
B)neurological development,reflexes,and reactions to people.
C)socio-emotional ability and cognitive development.
D)physiological growth and bonding ability.

Question 45

A total Apgar score of _____ indicates there may be developmental difficulties.

A)0-3
B)4-6
C)7-8
D)9-10

Question 46

Which of the following instruments provides the most comprehensive analysis of the newborn's behavior,neurological and stress responses,and regulatory capacities?

A)The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
B)The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale
C)The Apgar Scale
D)The Preterm Stimulation Assessment Scale

Question 47

Kyle was born 34 weeks after conception and weighed about six pounds.He was a:

A)preterm baby.
B)low birth weight infant.
C)small for date infant.
D)full term infant.

Question 48

In developed countries,low birth weight stems mainly from:

A)the young age of the mothers.
B)lack of exercise by the mother.
C)cigarette smoking during pregnancy.
D)the mother's poor health and nutrition.

Question 49

Which of the following measures of neonatal health and responsiveness is typically performed within 24 to 36 hours after birth?

A)Apgar Scale
B)The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
C)Bayley Scales of Infant Development
D)Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale

Question 50

Which of the following is used to assess the health of newborns at one and five minutes after birth?

A)The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
B)The Apgar Scale
C)The Fagan Test
D)The Denver Developmental Screening Test

Question 51

In the developing world,low birth weight stems mainly from:

A)the high age of the mothers.
B)lack of exercise by the mother.
C)excessive smoking by the father.
D)the mother's poor health and nutrition.

Question 52

Babies are considered preterm if they are born:

A)between 37 to 39 weeks of gestation.
B)between the 39ᵗʰ and 40ᵗʰ week of gestation.
C)between 40 to 42 weeks of gestation.
D)before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation.

Question 53

The Apgar Scale involves newborns receiving a score of 0,1,or 2 on five health signs,with a score of at least _____ required to assume that the newborn's condition is good.

A)5
B)3
C)7
D)10

Question 54

A very low birth weight infant weighs less than _____ pounds at birth.

A)3.5
B)4.0
C)5.5
D)2.0

Question 55

After Brenda's difficult and prolonged labor,she and her husband,Phil,observed as their baby was given a test and rapidly shifted to the neonatal intensive care unit.They were informed that the baby required urgent medical help as indicated by the Apgar Scale.The baby's total Apgar Scale score is likely to fall in the range of _____.

A)0-3
B)4-6
C)7-8
D)9-10

Question 56

A low birth weight infant weighs less than _____ pounds at birth.

A)3.5
B)4.0
C)5.5
D)2.0

Question 57

The Apgar Scale rates infants' responses in the areas of heart rate,respiratory effort,_____.

A)muscle tone,motor maturity,and appearance
B)muscle tone,reflex irritability,and body color
C)body color,motor maturity,and reflex irritability
D)body color,muscle tone,and motor maturity

Question 58

A total Apgar score of _____ signals an emergency and indicates that the baby might not survive.

A)0-3
B)4-6
C)7-8
D)9-10

Question 59

Immediately after Renée delivered her baby boy,the nurse took the baby to the doctor for an assessment of the various aspects of the newborn's functioning that may signal developmental problems.The doctor rated the newborn's heart rate,respiratory effort,body color,reflex irritability,and muscle tone on a scale of 0-2 and the cumulated rating was used to pronounce her baby healthy.The doctor is using the _____ here.

A)Apgar Scale
B)Preterm Outcome Scale
C)Denver Developmental Screening Test
D)Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale

Question 60

By the time Taylor reached the hospital toward the end of the 38ᵗʰ week of conception,her baby had already moved down the birth canal and a cesarean section could not be conducted.Taylor had an extremely difficult and prolonged labor as her baby was in breech position.After doctors had successfully delivered her baby,they had to wait a bit before the baby cried.The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale was conducted the next day and her baby obtained a very low score.Which of the following is true with regard to Taylor's baby?

A)Taylor's baby's neurological competence is satisfactory.
B)Taylor's baby is highly likely to have experienced anoxia and related brain damage.
C)Taylor's baby was a preterm baby as it was born in the 38ᵗʰ week of gestation.
D)Taylor's baby is highly unlikely to be an "at-risk" infant.

Question 61

Which of the following events happen during the process of involution?

A)The cervix opens and the amniotic sac ruptures.
B)The placenta and umbilical cord are expelled.
C)The levels of estrogen and progesterone rise steeply.
D)The uterus returns to its prepregnant size.

Question 62

Which of the following aids the process of involution?

A)Consuming medicines for postpartum depression
B)Engaging in kangaroo care
C)Taking synthetic hormones like pitocin
D)Nursing the baby

Question 63

Which of the following is true about postpartum depression?

A)Postpartum depression usually subsides on its own within about two weeks.
B)A woman with postpartum depression is usually able to continue doing her daily tasks.
C)Without treatment,postpartum depression may last for many months.
D)Postpartum depression usually has minimal effects on the baby.

Question 64

The period after childbirth when the mother adjusts,both physically and psychologically,to the process of childbearing is called the _____ period.

A)parturition
B)gestation
C)postpartum
D)neonatal

Question 65

Which of the following is true with regard to the postpartum period?

A)The adjustments made in the postpartum period are purely physical like involution.
B)The postpartum period is defined as the three-week period following childbirth.
C)Primary caregiver experiences can result in a major loss of sleep in this period.
D)Exercises are prohibited during the postpartum period as the body needs rest to recover from childbirth.

Question 66

Which of the following statements is true?

A)All preterm babies are also low birth weight babies.
B)Low birth weight and preterm birth are associated with higher levels of brain injury.
C)The reasons for low birth weight are constant across developed and developing countries.
D)No amount of remedial enrichment programs can reverse the negative outcomes of low birth weight.

Question 67

When is postpartum depression most likely to occur?

A)About four weeks after delivery
B)About six days after delivery
C)About eight weeks after delivery
D)About ten days after delivery

Question 68

The process by which the uterus returns to its prepregnant size is called:

A)dilation.
B)contraction.
C)prolapse.
D)involution.

Question 69

Sarah's husband is taking her for sessions with a therapist as they have recently lost their first child.The baby,born at the 27ᵗʰ week of conception,was treated with life-saving drugs and placed in the incubator with life support,but succumbed on the second day in the NICU.Sarah's baby was a(n)_____.

A)extremely preterm infant
B)breech baby
C)very preterm infant
D)full term infant

Question 70

Niam and Sarah had a preterm baby,born only 34 weeks into conception.Doctors have informed the couple that their baby has a weak heart and is receiving medications to stabilize his condition.They have also stressed on the fact that since the baby was born much earlier than desirable,some of his basic functions like breathing,heart rate,and body temperature are not well regulated.In addition to medication,_____ will be helpful in stabilizing this baby's condition.

A)Lamaze method
B)acupuncture
C)kangaroo care
D)schema therapy

Question 71

Taylor had a pre-term baby born in the 36ᵗʰ week of conception.Taylor has been asked to hold her preterm infant against her bare chest for three hours a day so that there is skin-to-skin contact.This is an example of _____.

A)acupuncture
B)cognitive behavioral therapy
C)the Lamaze method
D)kangaroo care

Question 72

Emotional fluctuations in the first few weeks after childbirth most often:

A)require intensive psychotherapy.
B)abate on their own as they are common.
C)hamper the relationship with the baby irreversibly.
D)require antidepressants and mood stabilizers.

Question 73

Very preterm infants are those born:

A)between 33 and 36 weeks of gestation.
B)between 28 and 33 weeks of gestation.
C)between 25 and 28 weeks of gestation.
D)between 36 and 38 weeks of gestation.

Question 74

Which of the following statements about bonding is accurate?

A)The newborn must essentially have close contact with the mother in the first few days of life to develop optimally.
B)Drugs given to mothers during childbirth can negatively affect the bonding experience right after birth.
C)Bonding is an exclusive bilateral process between the baby and the mother.
D)"Rooming-in" arrangements may increase the risk of postpartum depression for mothers.

Question 75

Two increasingly used interventions to nurture preterm babies in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)are:

A)acupuncture and waterbirth.
B)hypnosis and music therapy.
C)kangaroo care and massage therapy. D music therapy and incubation.

Question 76

Hyeree had a baby girl over a month ago.Hank,her husband has noticed that Hyeree cries and worries a lot nowadays.He has also noted that she is unable to sleep well and has been eating lesser than she normally does.She has been making many mistakes,forgetting routine tasks,and is having trouble coping with her daily tasks.Which of the following is true with regard to Hyeree's current condition?

A)Hyeree is having a normal reaction to childbirth that a lot of women experience.
B)Hyeree needs to stop breastfeeding her baby in order to return to her normal physical state.
C)Hyeree needs time before she opts for psychotherapy and medication as she is breastfeeding her baby.
D)Hyeree should seek professional counseling as her depressive symptoms are strong and prolonged.

Question 77

Brenda is very tired after the birth of her baby and wants the baby to stay in the nursery to allow her to recover from the birth.If the baby does spend this time away from Brenda,then:

A)the critical opportunity to bond will be lost.
B)Brenda will still be able to bond with her baby.
C)the bonding with the baby will only be at a physical level subsequently.
D)the baby will develop an avoidant attachment style.

Question 78

Salma has taken as few drugs as possible during delivery so she can be alert after her baby is born.She also wants the baby to sleep in her room (a rooming-in arrangement)so that they can be together after birth.From the information provided in the scenario,we can say that Salma is trying to _____.

A)avoid postpartum depression
B)speed up the process of involution
C)reduce her need for support from others
D)improve the bonding experience

Question 79

Which of the following is an example of postpartum depression?

A)Helen reported experiencing feelings of anxiety and sadness once in a while in the two weeks following the birth of her baby after which she coped better with the demands of the new baby.
B)Nancy reported that she felt low and tearful five days after the delivery of her baby boy,but she added that these feelings did not persist.
C)Dora told her doctor that she has been feeling extremely low and helpless ever since she had her baby two months back and often feels incapable of nurturing her baby well.
D)Wendy has been experiencing bursts of feeling low and moody but she also feels excited about nurturing her baby along with her husband.

Question 80

Julie,who was scheduled to have her baby in the last week of November,has delivered her baby eight weeks before the scheduled due date in the last week of September.Doctors have reassured her that the baby stands a good chance of survival because it has gained weight well during the pregnancy and its heart and lung functions are responding well to medical help.Julie's baby is a(n)_____ baby.

A)very low birth weight
B)small for date
C)extremely preterm
D)very preterm infant