Deck 11: Physical Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Question 1

One shift in activation that occurs as children develop is from diffuse,larger areas to more focal,smaller areas.This shift is characterized by _____,in which,areas of the brain not being used lose synaptic connections and those being used show an increase in connections.

A)synaptic spurt
B)synaptic shift
C)synaptic lapse
D)synaptic pruning

Answer 1

D
Explanation: As children develop,activation of some brain areas increases,while that of
others decreases.One shift in activation that occurs as children develop is from diffuse,larger areas to more focal,smaller areas.This shift is characterized by synaptic pruning,in which areas of the brain not being used lose synaptic connections and those being used show an increase in connections.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about motor development during middle and late childhood?

A)Girls usually outperform boys in gross motor skills.
B)Elementary school children become more fatigued by running than by long periods of sitting.
C)Girls usually outperform boys in fine motor skills.
D)Development during middle and late childhood does not involve fine motor development.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: At 10 to 12 years of age,children begin to show manipulative skills similar to the abilities of adults.They can now master the complex,intricate,and rapid movements needed to produce fine-quality crafts or to play a difficult piece on a musical instrument.Girls usually outperform boys in fine motor skills.

Question 3

Which of the following suggests that Fred is atleast 10 years old?

A)He manipulates his parents to get what he wants.
B)He has started to make simple figures in clay.
C)He has recently learnt to balance on one foot without looking.
D)He has learnt how to skip recently.

Answer 3

A
Explanation: At 10 to 12 years of age,children begin to show manipulative skills similar to the abilities of adults.They can now master the complex,intricate,and rapid movements needed to produce fine-quality crafts or to play a difficult piece on a musical instrument.

Question 4

A less noticeable physical change in middle and late childhood is that:

A)head circumference increases in relation to body height.
B)bones continue to ossify.
C)leg length increases in relation to body height.
D)hair continues to grow in length.

Question 5

The more children watch television,the more they are likely to:

A)be depressed.
B)be overweight.
C)become active.
D)fail academically.

Question 6

With the increased availability of fast-food restaurants and media inducements,many children fill up on food that has "empty calories" that do not promote effective growth.Empty-calorie foods have a high content of:

A)mineral.
B)fibre.
C)vitamin.
D)starch.

Question 7

Increased myelination of the nervous system is reflected in the improvement of _____ during middle and late childhood.

A)gross motor skills
B)immunity
C)height
D)fine motor skills

Question 8

Laura,a music instructor,teaches a variety of musical instruments in her school.However,she offers musical lessons only to students who are old enough to learn complicated pieces fairly quickly.Which of the following is most likely to be the cut-off age for children who are interested to learn in Laura's school?

A)5 years
B)8 years
C)10 years
D)6 years

Question 9

Which of the following activities is most fatiguing to elementary school children over longer periods of time?

A)bicycling
B)running
C)sitting
D)jumping

Question 10

How can parents provide positive models of exercise for children?

A)By encouraging children to play video games
B)By exercising with the children regularly
C)By encouraging children to watch baseball on television
D)By buying the children an annual subscription of The Skateboard Mag

Question 11

Boys are usually stronger than girls because of their greater number of _____.

A)muscle cells
B)neurons
C)hepatocytes
D)stem cells

Question 12

Advances in the prefrontal cortex are linked to which of the following in children?

A)Increase in the length of limbs
B)Increase in body mass
C)Improved attention
D)Improved muscle growth

Question 13

Dora is a six-year-old girl.Which of the following motor skills is she expected to develop?

A)Throwing a ball 25 feet
B)Using common tools,such as a hammer
C)Cutting and pasting
D)Judging and intercepting pathways of small balls thrown from a distance

Question 14

Which of the following is an advantage of aerobic exercise in children?

A)Improved audio-visual skills in children
B)Prevention of type 1 diabetes in the future
C)Improved relationship with the caregiver.
D)Increased goal-directed thinking and behavior

Question 15

According to nutritionists,breakfast should make up about _____ of the day's calories.

A)one-fourth
B)half
C)one-sixth
D)one-eighth

Question 16

From 1 to 3 years of age,infants and toddlers should typically consume about _____ calories per day.

A)300
B)550
C)2400
D)1,300

Question 17

A child between 7 and 10 years of age should consume about _____ calories each day.

A)1,300
B)1,200
C)2,400
D)1,100

Question 18

The increase in myelination during middle and late childhood is linked to:

A)more effective processing of information on cognitive tasks.
B)the increase in the volume of blood platelets.
C)the incidence of aphasia.
D)the increase in height and the loss of baby fat in middle and late childhood.

Question 19

During the middle and late childhood years,children gain about 5 to 7 pounds a year.The weight increase is due mainly to increases in the:

A)total volume of baby fat.
B)waist circumference.
C)size of the skeletal and muscular systems.
D)head circumference.

Question 20

Robert can use his hands independently,and with ease and precision.His grip strength has also increased.How old is he likely to be,given the development of his motor skills?

A)Eight
B)Six
C)Five
D)Four

Question 21

_____ is the second leading cause of death (behind only injuries)among children in the United States aged 5 to 14.

A)Asthma
B)Obesity
C)Cancer
D)Heart failure

Question 22

Which of the following should be encouraged in children who participate in sports?

A)Yelling at the child
B)Pointing out the child's errors in front of others
C)Allowing children to make mistakes
D)Comparing the child to more talented children

Question 23

Which of the following hormones regulates the body's blood sugar level and the lack of which causes type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

A)Insulin
B)Adrenaline
C)Cholecystokinin
D)Oxytocin

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true about cancer in children?

A)The incidence of cancer in children has reduced dramatically in recent years.
B)When cancer strikes children,it behaves differently from the way it attacks adults.
C)Children frequently have a less advanced stage of cancer when they are first diagnosed.
D)Most cancers in children result from lifestyle factors.

Question 25

_____ is the most common chronic disease in U.S.children,being present in approximately 9 percent of them.

A)Colitis
B)Asthma
C)Cancer
D)Pneumonia

Question 26

Which of the following children are at the risk of being overweight?

A)Sara,whose diet contains coleslaw salads,cereals,fruits,and green vegetables
B)Anna,whose diet is rich in proteins and fibres
C)Kay,whose diet consists of adequate proportions of vitamins and minerals
D)Lara,whose diet consists of saturated fats and food rich in sugar

Question 27

Which of the following is a negative consequence of participation in sports?

A)Vigorous exercise
B)Aerobic training
C)Concentration in academic achievement
D)Pressure to achieve

Question 28

Which of the following is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

A)Being underweight
B)Being obese
C)Being hyperactive
D)Being myopic

Question 29

Which of the following nine-year-old children are likely to be overweight?

A)Anne,who has myopic vision
B)Jenna,whose mother is obese
C)Bob,who suffers from osteoporosis
D)Robert,whose diet consists of cereals,salads and lean meat

Question 30

Dr.Jones,an expert pediatrician,is most likely to prescribe which of the following treatments to overweight children?

A)Prolonged fasting
B)Encouragement to pursue more sedentary activities
C)A combination of diet,exercise,and behavior modification
D)Encouragement to include foods rich in sugar in the daily diet

Question 31

Cancers in children mainly attack:

A)the whiteblood cells.
B)the breast.
C)the colon.
D)the prostate.

Question 32

_____ is a chronic lung disease that involves episodes of airflow obstruction.

A)Colitis
B)Scurvy
C)Asthma
D)Migraine

Question 33

Which of the following increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in elementary-school-aged children?

A)Low vision
B)Dyslexia
C)ADHD
D)Hypertension

Question 34

Which of the following should be discouraged in children who participate in sports?

A)Allowing children to ask questions about the sport
B)Making sports fun
C)Allowing children to make mistakes
D)Comparing the child to more talented children

Question 35

Social and psychological consequences of being overweight in childhood includes:

A)narcissistic personality disorder.
B)display of obsessive-compulsive behavior.
C)propensity toward kleptomania.
D)low self-esteem.

Question 36

_____ is a cancer in which bone marrow manufactures an abundance of abnormal white blood cells,which crowd out normal cells,making the child susceptible to bruising and infection

A)Lymphoma
B)Pheochromocytoma
C)Leukemia
D)Osteosarcoma

Question 37

Children who are at or above the _____ percentile of body mass index (BMI)are included in the overweight category.

A)65th
B)75th
C)55th
D)95th

Question 38

Which of the following is a symptom of asthma?

A)Hypertension
B)Wheezing
C)Dyslexia
D)Bruising

Question 39

_____ is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system destroys insulin-producing cells.

A)Migraine
B)Hypertension
C)Type 1 diabetes
D)Type 2 diabetes

Question 40

Overweight children are at the risk of which of the following diseases?

A)Diabetes
B)Myopia
C)Pleurisy
D)Marasmus

Question 41

School teams are discouraged from diagnosing which of the following disabilities?

A)Dyslexia
B)ADHD
C)Dysgraphia
D)Low vision

Question 42

Which of the following indicates the presence of a vision problem in children?

A)If they are impulsive
B)If they squint frequently
C)If they stutter from an early age
D)If they show signs of aphasia

Question 43

Bill has just been diagnosed with a learning disability.He faces difficulty with math computations.Bill is suffering from:

A)dyslexia.
B)dyscalculia.
C)hyperplobia.
D)dysgraphia.

Question 44

Children with a cleft palate often have a(n)_____ that makes their speech difficult to understand.

A)attention deficit disorder
B)learning disorder
C)voice disorder
D)stuttering problem

Question 45

Stuttering occurs in which of the following cases?

A)When a child's speech has a spasmodic hesitation.
B)When a child's behavior shows impulsivity.
C)When a child suffers from malnourishment.
D)When a child's voice is hoarse,harsh,or too loud.

Question 46

Jenny has problems in pronouncing sounds correctly.Her speech-therapist is treating her for _____.

A)articulation disorder
B)stuttering
C)fluency disorder
D)voice disorder

Question 47

Besides medication,which of the following is effective in reducing the effects of ADHD?

A)Participation in sports
B)Behavior management
C)Invasive surgery
D)Losing calories

Question 48

Which of the following children is suffering from a learning diability?

A)Eight-year-old Ramon,who says reading is really hard for him,and often the words don't make much sense
B)Six-year-old Sasha,who stutters while speaking
C)Ten-year-old Jim,who is hyperactive and has problems concentrating on anything for long
D)Eleven-year-old Tom,who has low vision and reads with the help of corrective lens

Question 49

_____ involves difficulty in handwriting.

A)Aphasia
B)Hypermetropia
C)Insomnia
D)Dysgraphia

Question 50

John,a nine-year-old boy,suffers from severe lack of concentration and impulsivity.The symptoms indicate that John is suffering from:

A)cerebral palsy.
B)aphasia.
C)dyslexia.
D)attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Question 51

A ten-year-old child suffering from ADHD is likely to find which of the following tasks difficult?

A)Skipping
B)Writing
C)Breathing regularly
D)Planning effectively

Question 52

Kiera's asthma attacks have increase substiantially after she moved with her family to a big city.What is the most probable explanation for the worsening of Kiera's asthma?

A)High temperatures in the summer
B)Low humidity
C)Lack of exercise
D)High degree of pollution

Question 53

Critics argue that many physicians:

A)are too quick to prescribe stimulants for children with milder forms of ADHD.
B)categorize ADHD as a learning disability.
C)encourage school teams to diagnose ADHD.
D)consider that the symptoms of ADHD does not include hyperactivity and impulsivity.

Question 54

Visual impairment is a(n)_____ disorder.

A)attention
B)articulation
C)olfactory
D)sensory

Question 55

Laura has just been diagnosed with a learning disability.She has difficulty writing legibly,and makes numerous spelling errors.Laura is most likely suffering from:

A)dyslexia.
B)dyscalculia.
C)acrophobia.
D)migraine.

Question 56

Dora,a seven-year old girl,has a speech defect that involves stuttering.She also suffers from hearing problems.Her impairments can be broadly categorized as _____.

A)genetic disorders
B)conversion disorders
C)communication disorders
D)attention disorders.

Question 57

Stuttering is a(n)_____ disorder

A)voice
B)fluency
C)attention
D)sensory

Question 58

Which of the following is the leading cause of death during middle and late childhood?

A)Asthma
B)Cancer
C)Diabetes
D)Injuries

Question 59

_____ are the most effective anti-inflammatory drugs for treating asthmatic children.

A)Corticosteroids
B)Benzodiazepines
C)Opioids
D)Amphetamines

Question 60

Articulation disorders are _____ disorders

A)learning
B)attention
C)hearing
D)speech

Question 61

Which of the following is an oral approach to help children with hearing impairments learn?

A)Lip reading
B)Sign language
C)Gesture
D)Finger spelling

Question 62

In 1975,Public Law 94-142,the Education for All Handicapped Children Act,required that:

A)all students with disabilities be exempted from taking exams.
B)all students with disabilities be provided with the opportunity of free annual study-trips abroad.
C)all students with disabilities be given a free,appropriate public education.
D)all students with disabilities be provided with a personal trainer.

Question 63

In a child with ataxia,a form of cerebral palsy,the muscles:

A)often pull the limbs into contorted positions.
B)are always limp.
C)are rigid one moment and floppy the next moment.
D)are inflexible.

Question 64

A major aspect of the 2004 reauthorization of IDEA involved aligning it with the government's _____ legislation,which was designed to improve the educational achievement of all students,including those with disabilities.

A)education in the least restrictive environment
B)No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
C)individualized education plan (IEP)
D)Public Law 94-142

Question 65

Autism spectrum disorders are more common in _____.

A)girls
B)boys
C)the educationally blind
D)children affected by ADHD

Question 66

Children with _____ have visual acuity of between 20/70 and 20/2000 with corrective lens.

A)low vision
B)cataract
C)night blindness
D)leprosy

Question 67

_____ are characterized by problems in social interaction,problems in verbal and nonverbal communication,and repetitive behaviors.

A)Phobias
B)Behavioral disorders
C)Vision impairments
D)Autism spectrum disorders

Question 68

Educational approaches to help children with hearing impairments learn fall into two categories: oral and _____.

A)liberal
B)conservative
C)manual
D)situational

Question 69

Orthopedic impairments involve:

A)insufficient production of insulin.
B)absence of pigmentation in the skin.
C)rapid multiplication of cells.
D)restricted movement.

Question 70

_____ is a relatively mild autism spectrum disorder in which the child has relatively good verbal language skills,milder nonverbal language problems,and a restricted range of interests and relationships.

A)Cushing's syndrome
B)Marfan syndrome
C)Asperger syndrome
D)Barrett's syndrome

Question 71

In which of the following cases is the evaluation of hearing by a specialist recommended?

A)Sam,a six-year-old boy,frequently asks his teacher to repeat the same instructions.
B)Tom,a six-year-old boy,is impulsive and hyperactive.
C)John,a seven-year-old boy,is diagnosed with aphasia.
D)Juan,an eight-year-old boy,cannot perceive the depth of objects correctly.

Question 72

The _____ spells out broad mandates for providing services to all children with disabilities.

A)Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
B)United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
C)World Health Organization (WHO)
D)United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

Question 73

Marcel is affected by serious,persistent problems that involve relationships,aggression,fear,and depression.He is suffering from _____.

A)emotional and behavioral disorders
B)ADHD
C)glaucoma
D)arachnophobia

Question 74

Give three examples of motor skills in a six-year-old child.

Question 75

Which of the following is beneficial to autistic children?

A)Magnifying glasses
B)Cochlear implants
C)Braille books
D)Small-group instruction

Question 76

Children who are _____ cannot use their vision in learning and must use their hearing and touch to learn.

A)night blind
B)educationally blind
C)stereo blind
D)color blind

Question 77

The _____ should be (1)related to the child's learning capacity,(2)specially constructed to meet the child's individual needs and not merely a copy of what is offered to other children,and (3)designed to provide educational benefits.

A)least restrictive environment
B)No Child Left Behind
C)Public Law 94-142
D)individualized education plan

Question 78

Which of the following children is suffering from cerebral palsy?

A)Sara,who asks the teacher to repeat the same instructions
B)Vera,who relies on Braille books for learning
C)Jenny,who is affected by unclear speech,shaking,and a lack of muscular coordination.
D)Anne,who is affected by the rapid increase in the numbers of immature blood cells.

Question 79

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of inclusion?

A)Alex,who is educationally blind,attends a special school for the blind that instructs through Braille techniques.
B)John,who has auditory impairment,is being home-schooled.
C)Melba,who is affected with severe behavioral disorder,is committed to a special counselling program.
D)Jane,who suffers from low vision,uses books with large fonts for learning,but attends a regular school along with children without any special needs.

Question 80

The concept that a child with a disability must be educated in a setting that is as similar as possible to the one in which children who do not have a disability are educated is known as _____.

A)the Montessori system
B)an individualized educational plan (IEP)
C)the least restrictive environment (LRE)
D)the Kindergarten system