Deck 7: Policing: Legal Aspects

Question 1

Manipulative actions by police interviewers that are designed to pressure suspects to divulge information and that are based on subtle forms of intimidation and control is known as:

A)Interrogation.
B)Inherent coercion.
C)Psychological manipulation.
D)Interviewing.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Law enforcement officers may conduct a search or seize evidence when they believe they are operating according to the dictates of the law,and if later discover that a mistake was made,the evidence they find can still be used in court.Which exception to the exclusionary rule is this?

A)Plain view doctrine
B)Exclusionary rule
C)Fruit of the poisonous tree
D)Good faith exception

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The lawful seizure,acquisition,analysis,reporting,and safeguarding of data from digital devices that may contain information of evidentiary value to the trier of fact in criminal events is known as:

A)Latent evidence.
B)Electronic evidence.
C)Digital criminal forensics.
D)Sneak and peek search.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The ____________ holds that evidence illegally seized by the police cannot be used in a trial.

A)Exclusionary rule
B)Fifth Amendment
C)Miranda v.Arizona
D)Sixth Amendment

Question 5

One of the most problematic types of searches facing police departments today is:

A)A body-cavity search.
B)A computer search.
C)Electronic eavesdropping.
D)A stop and frisk search.

Question 6

In 2013,U.S.officials announced that they would question 19-year-old Dzhokhar Tsarnaev,the surviving Boston Marathon bomber,before reading him his Miranda rights.What exception to the Miranda ruling allowed them to conduct the interview?

A)Inevitable discovery
B)The right to privacy
C)The Patriot Act
D)Public Safety exception

Question 7

The Bill of Rights is the popular name given to the first ________ amendments to the U.S.Constitution.

A)10
B)15
C)30
D)20

Question 8

Which Supreme Court case has become the basis for a brief "stop and frisk" based on a reasonable suspicion?

A)Miranda v.Arizona
B)Terry v.Ohio
C)Argersinger v.Hamlin
D)Brady v.U.S.

Question 9

The U.S.Supreme Court decided in Illinois v.Perkins that:

A)Defendants have the right to an attorney at a lineup.
B)The exclusionary rule does not apply to interrogation cases.
C)Inmates freely talking about their crimes to an undercover officer posing as an inmate are not protected by Miranda.
D)The police must obtain a warrant to secure a wiretap.

Question 10

Evidence of relevance to a criminal investigation that is not readily seen by the unaided eye is called:

A)Illegal evidence gathered by the police.
B)Digital electronic evidence.
C)Illegal interrogations by the police.
D)Latent evidence.

Question 11

Unreasonable searches and seizures are prohibited by the:

A)Fifth Amendment.
B)Protection clause.
C)Fourth Amendment.
D)Equality statute.

Question 12

_______________ exists when a set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent and prudent person to believe that a particular other person has committed a specific crime.

A)Exclusionary rule
B)Fruits of the poisonous tree
C)Probable Cause
D)Inherent coercion

Question 13

A legal term describing the ready visibility of objects that might be seized as evidence during a search by police in the absence of a search warrant specifying the seizure of those objects is known as the:

A)Plain view doctrine.
B)Exclusionary rule.
C)Fruit of the poisonous tree.
D)Good faith exception.

Question 14

The information gathering activity of police officers that involves the direct questioning of suspects is known as:

A)Search and seizure.
B)Interrogation.
C)Fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine.
D)Reasonable suspicion.

Question 15

Which famous 1966 U.S.Supreme Court case required that criminal suspects be read their rights prior to being questioned by the police while in custody?

A)Tennessee v.Garner
B)Miranda v.Arizona
C)Chimel v.California
D)Nix v.Williams

Question 16

Which 1960s U.S.Supreme Court dramatically changed the day-to-day practice of American policing?

A)Warren Court
B)Eisenhower Court
B)Rehnquist Court
C)Burger Court

Question 17

The first significant U.S.Supreme Court case involving motor vehicles is:

A)U.S.v.Weeks.
B)Escobedo v.Illinois.
C)Mapp v.Ohio.
D)Carroll v.U.S..

Question 18

What are the three types of due process rights guaranteed to all U.S.citizens?

A)Search and seizure,interviewing,and interrogation
B)Search and seizure,arrest,and interrogation
C)Interrogation,arrest,and exclusionary rule
D)Arrest,warrant arrest,exclusionary rule

Question 19

Which Supreme Court ruling applied the principles,regarding the exclusionary rule,developed in Weeks v.U.S.to trials in state courts?

A)Illinois v.Gates
B)Horton v.California
C)U.S.v.Leon
D)Mapp v.Ohio

Question 20

A warrantless search of an arrested individual conducted to ensure the safety of the arresting officer is permitted:

A)After Miranda warnings are given.
B)As part of the exclusionary rule.
C)Because of the good faith exception.
D)Incident to an arrest.

Question 21

The Fruit of the Poisonous Tree doctrine is a legal principle that excludes from introduction at trial any evidence later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure.

Question 22

A landmark case is a precedent-setting court decision that produces substantial changes in both the understanding of the requirements of due process and the practical day-to-day operations of the justice system.

Question 23

____________ coercion is a tactic used by police interviews that fall short of physical abuse,but still pressures suspects to divulge information.

Question 24

Latent evidence is evidence of relevance to a criminal investigation that is not readily seen by the unaided eye.

Question 25

The court recognized a suspect's right to have legal counsel present during interrogation in Escobedo v.Illinois.

Question 26

A Writ of_________________ is issued from an appellate court for the purpose of obtaining from a lower court the record of its proceedings in a particular case.In some states,this writ is the mechanism for discretionary review.

Question 27

Mapp v.Ohio was a landmark case that restricted police from Interrogating juveniles without their parents present.

Question 28

It was up until the late 1980s,with strong US Supreme Court cases,that the Bill of Rights was only given lip service and traditional police methods ruled the court systems.

Question 29

Chimel v.California regulated when police may _____________ incident to an arrest.

Question 30

The Exclusionary rule holds that evidence illegally seized by the police cannot be used in a trial.

Question 31

The body cavity search is one of the most problematic types of searches facing police departments today.

Question 32

_______________ cause exists when a set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent and prudent person to believe that a particular person has committed a specific crime.

Question 33

Psychological Manipulation in interviews and interrogations is permitted in limited circumstances.

Question 34

The plain-view doctrine still applies if officers move objects so they can see evidence otherwise hidden from view.

Question 35

It was not until 1961 that the Court,under Chief Justice Warren Burger,decided a case that changed the face of American law enforcement.

Question 36

Reasonable suspicion can be defined as a belief,based on a consideration of the facts at hand and on reasonable inferences drawn from those facts that would induce an ordinarily prudent and cautious person under the same circumstances to conclude that criminal activity is taking place or that criminal activity has recently occurred.

Question 37

The Miranda decision and rights applies to all persons above the age of 14.

Question 38

Warrantless searches of arrested individuals is permitted in all cases for the safety of the officer.

Question 39

The _________________ Act of 2001 made it easier for police investigators to intercept many forms of electronic communications.

Question 40

Probable cause is a set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent and prudent person to believe that a particular other person has committed a specific crime.

Question 41

Explain and define a search.Under what circumstances may police officers search vehicles? What limits,if any,are there on such searches? What determines such limits?

Question 42

Any evidence illegally seized by the police cannot be used in a trial under the ______________ rule.

Question 43

There are several exceptions to the exclusionary rule.List and define three of those exceptions and the U.S.Supreme Court cases that may be involved in defining the law when the search may be conducted.In your opinion,which of those exceptions offers the best protection for the defendant in a criminal case?

Question 44

All persons are guaranteed due process rights under the U.S.Constitution,which mandates that justice system officials respect the rights of accused individuals throughout the criminal justice process.Define due process and comment on the three requirements found in most areas of due process.

Question 45

The _________________safety exception to the Miranda ruling allows police officers to interrogate suspects when a possible danger to the public still exists.We saw this with the Boston terrorist bombing suspect.

Question 46

Compare and contrast the issues relative to the electronic gathering of evidence.

Question 47

Define an arrest.Explain the circumstances under which an arrest occurs and what steps must be in place for the arrest to exist.

Question 48

____________________ evidence is information and data of investigative value that is stored in or transmitted by an electronic device.

Question 49

Define and explain "inevitable discovery" and how it fits into the search and seizure usage by the courts and police officers.Use examples to support your conclusions.

Question 50

The Doctrine that is a legal principle that excludes from introduction at trial any evidence later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure is known as the fruit of the _______________ Tree Doctrine.

Question 51

The author lists three major areas of police abuse that may occur during interrogation.List and comment on those three areas of potential abuse.Analyze your opinions about these abuses,citing relevant examples to agree or disagree with them.

Question 52

A ______________case is a precedent-setting court decision that produces substantial changes in both the understanding of the requirements of due process and the practical day-to-day operations of the justice system.