Deck 15: The Family

Question 1

Madison lives with her dad, mother, grandmother, aunt, and older brother, Austin. Madison's family is best termed a(n) ___ family household.

A) dysfunctional
B) nuclear
C) reconstituted
D) extended

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which is the best example of an extended family household?

A) A mother and father, their children, and the grandparents who live with them
B) Mother, father, and their 12 children
C) A large group of orphans residing in the same room
D) A single man and his roommate

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which best exemplifies the concept of coparenting?

A) When singles Joe and Josephine decide that they will have a baby together
B) When daughter Ella and her mother Elsa decide to complete a school project together
C) When parents Edwin and Edwina agree to not spank their children
D) When father Max and his father Ax decide that they will both speak to Max's daughter and Axe's grandson Dax about his drug use

Answer 3

C

Question 4

U.S. Census Bureau data indicates that compared with the recent past, there are currently fewer

A) single adults.
B) single-parent families.
C) remarriages.
D) caregivers for aging adults.

Question 5

How do most modern theorists react to the notion of sequential phases of a traditional family life cycle?

A) They are highly supportive.
B) They support the idea, but only in nuclear families.
C) They support the idea, but only in extended families.
D) They question the idea and embrace the view of individuals and families following a wider variety of life cycles.

Question 6

The family systems approach to understanding families suggests that

A) the larger the family network, the lower the quality of interaction between parent and child.
B) the mother is the central influence on a child's development.
C) every relationship within the system has an impact on every other individual in the system.
D) families function in a similar manner from one culture to the next.

Question 7

Before the family systems perspective, the major focus of developmentalists who studied the family was on _____ relationships.

A) father-mother
B) peer-parent
C) infant-peer
D) mother-infant

Question 8

Which is the best example of a reciprocal influence within a nuclear family?

A) Kindergartner Alice playing with her favorite doll
B) Baby Alice smiling and her dad, Mel, who upon seeing the smile, giving her some candy
C) Single parent Mel thinking about having another child
D) Teenager Alice talking to her best friend, Flo

Question 9

According to the family lifecycle approach, the initial stage of the family cycle involves a

A) preschool boy and girl being socialized into the role of a father or mother.
B) dating couple.
C) married couple without children.
D) married couple that have just had their first child (the childbearing family).

Question 10

The traditional nuclear family consists of

A) the siblings in a family.
B) mother, father, and one or more children.
C) grandparents, parents, and offspring.
D) one's family "tree."

Question 11

Because families may consist of configurations other than mother-father-child(ren), some have suggested that the term _____ be used.

A) alternative
B) immediate
C) nontraditional
D) nuclear

Question 12

The conceptualization of a "family as a system" best matches the _____ approach to psychology.

A) bioecological
B) classical conditioning
C) psychodynamic
D) Gestalt

Question 13

The minimum number of members required in a traditional nuclear family is

A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.

Question 14

The concept of linked lives involves the notion that development as an individual is _____ that of other family members.

A) intertwined with
B) independent from
C) inversely related to
D) identical to

Question 15

Elder and colleagues noted that our lives are intertwined with those of our families.  He referred to this as leading _____ lives.

A) interdependent
B) multifaceted
C) linked
D) dependent

Question 16

Which is a commonly cited advantage of the extended family household?

A) Fewer mouths to feed
B) Provides for shared responsibility for raising children
C) Ensures more income for family
D) Provides safe environment for gay/lesbian couple to raise a family

Question 17

When both parents act as a single team when childrearing, _____ is taking place.

A) coparenting
B) an extended family
C) a blended family
D) autonomy

Question 18

How many of the following available roles (mother, husband, sister, son) would be seen in a family with two parents and two children (one boy and one girl)?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 19

The concept of a family life cycle

A) rejects the notion of stages of development.
B) emphasizes the role of the id and ego in decision-making.
C) suggests that the nuclear family is the ideal family system.
D) highlights systematic role changes that occur within family relationships from marriage to death.

Question 20

Which of the following changes in the nature of the American family is true?

A) Family size (number of offspring) is on the rise.
B) The number of working moms is declining.
C) The age of marriage has been delayed.
D) There has been a decrease in the number of children living in poverty.

Question 21

The authoritarian parenting approach is characterized by _____ acceptance-responsiveness and _____ demandingness-control.

A) high; high
B) high; low
C) low; high
D) low; low

Question 22

The _____ parenting approach involves high acceptance-responsiveness and high demandingness-control.

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) neglectful
D) permissive

Question 23

When compared to recent past generations in the United States, children today are more likely to

A) have multiple siblings.
B) live in a multigenerational household.
C) have a stay-at-home mom.
D) reside in a two-parent headed household.

Question 24

Gorden's parenting style is summarized with the statement, "It's my way or the highway." This description indicates that Gorden is best classified as being high on the _____ dimension of childrearing.

A) acceptance-responsiveness
B) responsiveness-demandingness
C) demandingness-control
D) control-acceptance

Question 25

Which is true according to research on parent-child attachments?

A) Parental responsiveness to an infant does not appear to be a determinant of the type of attachment formed by the infant.
B) It is not possible for an infant to attach securely to its father unless it first establishes a secure attachment with its mother.
C) Infants who are securely attached to both parents are more socially competent than those who are securely attached only to mother.
D) Attachment to mother predicts later social competence, while attachment to father does not.

Question 26

While Gao never shouts at his wife, Fumi, when their young daughter Kim is present, the shouting does make Kim upset as it sometimes results in Fumi being verbally aggressive with her daughter. This description demonstrates the

A) impact of indirect effects within a family system.
B) power of hereditary factors in determining behavior.
C) main flaw in the family systems approach.
D) role of classical conditioning in the development of social cognitive abilities.

Question 27

Mothers _____ than fathers.

A) spend more time with children
B) devote more time to play
C) devote less time to caregiving
D) are qualitatively better parents

Question 28

Concerning modern trends in family life,

A) today's two wage-earner families are financially worse off that families with one wage earner.
B) most adults now view marriage as an unimportant institution.
C) more children today have relationships with their grandparents than in generations past.
D) the nuclear family continues to be the dominant family type in the United States.

Question 29

Morticia and Gomez are getting married. It is a first marriage for both of them. Based on recent research (including U.S. census data), which is true?

A) Morticia and Gomez are most likely younger than their parents were when they got married.
B) There is a 60% probability that Morticia and Gomez will get divorced.
C) Morticia is more likely than her mother was to work outside of the home.
D) Morticia and Gomez are likely to have more children than their parents did.

Question 30

The amount of influence of decisions that lie with the parent versus the child is referred to as the _____ dimension of childrearing.

A) acceptance-responsiveness
B) responsiveness-demandingness
C) demandingness-control
D) control-acceptance

Question 31

Jayme and Joshua live with their mom and her new husband and their new baby. Jayme and Joshua's family is best termed a(n) ___ family.

A) beanpole
B) reconstituted
C) extended
D) single-parent

Question 32

Fathers are most likely to adopt a "motherlike" caregiver role if they

A) are the primary caregiver.
B) work outside the home.
C) hold traditional gender values.
D) are in a blended family.

Question 33

Fathers

A) are less likely to challenge children during play than mothers.
B) who are supportive contribute to better cognitive, social, and emotional development in their children
C) who are unmarried tend to be very involved parents
D) tend to avoid engaging in playful behavior with their children

Question 34

A "reconstituted" family must contain

A) a widow.
B) a step-parent.
C) at least three generations residing in the same household.
D) a step-brother or step-sister.

Question 35

The fact that through their interactions with each other, spouses may influence the behavior of a child, even when the child does not experience these interactions, underlies the concept of

A) caregiver burden.
B) indirect effects.
C) autonomy.
D) spillover effects.

Question 36

A parent with a(n) _____ style would most likely to give a child a severe spanking for disobedience.

A) neglectful
B) authoritative
C) authoritarian
D) permissive

Question 37

Julie wants special permission to stay out on a date past her normal curfew. Her parents, who are authoritarian parents, are most likely to respond

A) "Why should we let you do this?"
B) "No!"
C) "I guess you'll have to make that choice and suffer the consequences."
D) "It doesn't matter to us what you do."

Question 38

Which statement is true with regard to the nature of early parent-child interactions?

A) As the result of genetic factors, fathers have been shown to be incapable of sensitive parenting.
B) Mothers are far more sensitive to infants' cues during feeding.
C) Fathers are more likely to engage in "playful interactions" (e.g., tickling, bouncing) with their children.
D) Fathers are significantly less effective at feeding infants.

Question 39

Seika's attitude towards parenting is best described as "a lot of praise, a lot of affection, and feedback for negative behavior that is designed to teach but not belittle." This description indicates that Seika is best classified as being high on the _____ dimension of childrearing.

A) acceptance-responsiveness
B) responsiveness-demandingness
C) demandingness-control
D) control-acceptance

Question 40

The extent to which a parent is supportive, sensitive, and willing to provide affection and praise, is referred to as the ______ dimension of childrearing.

A) acceptance-responsiveness
B) responsiveness-demandingness
C) demandingness-control
D) control-acceptance

Question 41

A parenting style based on _____ is most likely to be associated with positive child outcomes.

A) love and limits
B) love and no limits
C) indulgence and sensitivity
D) indulgence and insensitivity

Question 42

Dolph's parents have very clear rules about what is okay to do and what is not. They are very careful to enforce the rules. However, they are willing to listen to Dolph's side of the story and are careful to explain why the rules are important. They even consider changing rules that don't seem to be working well. Dolph's parents are best described as having which sort of childrearing pattern?

A) Neglectful
B) Authoritative
C) Authoritarian
D) Permissive

Question 43

In terms of the cause and effect of a child's behavior, the parent effects model tends to view the influence

A) as a one-way street.
B) as a two-way street.
C) as a random occurrence.
D) as genetic.

Question 44

When asked to describe her parenting style, Mercedes says, "I can sum it up in a single word: indulgent!" This description indicates that Mercedes is best classified as being a(n) _____ parent.

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) moderate
D) permissive

Question 45

The permissive parenting approach is characterized by _____ acceptance-responsiveness and _____ demandingness-control.

A) high; high
B) high; low
C) low; high
D) low; low

Question 46

Which statement concerning parenting styles and culture is true?

A) Parents in collectivist cultures stress the importance of childhood autonomy.
B) Native-American parents feel that it is the place of a parent to force children to do what they feel is right.
C) African-American children view coercive parenting as a sign of care and not hostility.
D) The more a child views spanking as a normal cultural behavior, the more emotional upsetting it is for them to get a spanking.

Question 47

How many of the following (noise pollution, unsafe conditions, family instability) can negatively contribute to a child's development?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3

Question 48

As a permissive parent, Mr. Twister is most likely to tell his temper tantrum-throwing son,

A) "One more word, and you are going to get a whipping."
B) "We need to talk about these outbursts."
C) "That's right, you go ahead and let out any of those bad feelings and don't worry if you break something in the process."
D) "While I know you are upset and maybe you are right, we do have rules of conduct and outbursts like this will not be tolerated."

Question 49

Riff is a member of a teenage gang. He's doing drugs and is into petty crime. On the rare days he shows up at school, he invariably ends up in a fight and leaves early. Riff's behavior is most typical of children raised by parents who are

A) authoritative.
B) authoritarian.
C) permissive.
D) neglectful.

Question 50

Hostile, antisocial youngsters who abuse drugs tend to have parents who have parenting styles that are

A) high in acceptance and high in control.
B) high in acceptance and low in control.
C) low in acceptance and low in control.
D) low in acceptance and high in control.

Question 51

Which parenting style is best associated with children who are unhappy, relatively aimless, and unpleasant to be around?

A) Permissive
B) Neglectful
C) Authoritarian
D) Authoritative

Question 52

The neglectful parenting approach is characterized by _____ acceptance-responsiveness and _____ demandingness-control.

A) high; high
B) high; low
C) low; low
D) low; high

Question 53

Mallory works two different jobs to make ends meet and, as a result, she is so wrapped up in her own problems that she has little time to devote to her children. They basically do whatever they want and Mallory seems not to care. Which style of child rearing does this reflect?

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Neglectful

Question 54

Gates is a highly-paid Chief Operating Officer of a major software firm. How is his position most likely to impact how he raises his son Bill?

A) He will emphasize the importance of obedience to authority.
B) He will become significantly more authoritarian.
C) He will downplay the importance of education.
D) He will attempt to foster initiative and creativity skills.

Question 55

Sixteen-year-old Becky wants to go on a weekend camping trip with a group of her friends (some of whom are male). She brings up the idea with her parents. As they tend to be authoritative parents, their most likely response is to say,

A) "Absolutely not. Case closed."
B) "Do as you please. It's your life!"
C) "Let's sit down and discsuss this. We're not sure if this is a good idea, but we'd like to hear your views. Then we'll come to some sort of agreement."
D) We don't approve, but if you insist..."

Question 56

Explanations on socioeconomic differences in parenting have focused on all of the following EXCEPT

A) genetic differences.
B) stresses associated with being poor.
C) fewer resources to invest in their children.
D) heavy reliance on an authoritative parenting style.

Question 57

Compared to middle- and upper-class parents, lower-class parents tend to

A) place less value on obedience to authority.
B) show more warmth and affection to their children.
C) spend more time reasoning with their children.
D) be more restrictive and stress obedience.

Question 58

Kitty and David want their children to grow up to be self-reliant, cooperative, and achievement-oriented. Based on research by Baumrind, Kitty and David should

A) tell their children that school is really not that important.
B) set firm limits and enforce them consistently.
C) place few restrictions on their children's behavior.
D) severely punish the children if they receive a bad grade.

Question 59

The _____ family systems model would be most accepting of the notion, "It's always mommy's fault!"

A) social learning model
B) indirect effects model
C) transactional model
D) parents effects model

Question 60

The basic premise of the parent effects model is that

A) parents cause the behavior of their children
B) children cause the behavior of their parents
C) parents influence children and children influence parents
D) parents' genes have more impact than parents' interaction style

Question 61

What is the evolutionary-based explanation for sibling rivalry?

A) Competition for limited parental resources
B) Natural sexual tension between close relatives
C) A kinship-violence gene
D) There is none, as evolutionary theorists reject the notion of sibling rivalry

Question 62

Which statement concerning sibling influences is true?

A) Brothers tend to confide in each other more than sisters.
B) The use of siblings as babysitters is found in only a few societies (e.g., United States).
C) Having a large number of siblings can negatively impact cognitive development.
D) Siblings are unable to have any indirect impact on another sibling's development.

Question 63

Results from cross-cultural studies have shown that

A) Mexican-American adolescents are more likely than European-American adolescents to believe that they should disagree with their parents.
B) Japanese teens are socialized to be highly autonomous.
C) Chinese-American teens expect more freedom to date at younger ages than do European-American teens.
D) in collectivist Asian cultures, parents tend to impose a great number of rules.

Question 64

Autonomy is best defined as

A) the capacity to make independent decisions.
B) a high dependence on the ideas of others.
C) the ability to sense and react to the emotional states of others.
D) a strong sense of belonging to a larger group (collective).

Question 65

Wong's comment, "I can do it myself," indicates a strong sense of

A) autonomy.
B) filial responsibility.
C) coparenting.
D) collectivism.

Question 66

When attempting to explain why his son is so violent, Cedrick says, "He seems to have a natural tendency toward violence, and my spanking him has just made the situation worse." Cedrick's explanation best exemplifies the _____ model of family influence.

A) parent effects
B) child effects
C) transactional
D) indirect

Question 67

Which family systems model would be most accepting of the notion, "The combination of an aggressive parent and a noncompliant child is the worst possible world!"

A) Permissive parenting model
B) Child effects model
C) Transactional model
D) Parents effects model

Question 68

According to the transactional model of family influence, children's antisocial behaviors are due

A) to a combination of the child's genetic predisposition and parent-child interactions.
B) solely to genetic predisposition in the child.
C) to parent-child social interactions.
D) to cultural factors beyond the scope of the child or parent.

Question 69

Which family systems model would be most accepting of the notion, "My kid's behaviors made me act that way!"

A) Social learning model
B) Child effects model
C) Parent effects model
D) Indirect effects model

Question 70

Which parenting style is most likely to promote psychological autonomy in adolescents?

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Neglecting

Question 71

Cross-cultural research has shown that older siblings serve as principal caregivers for infants and toddlers in _____ of the cultures studied.

A) 27%
B) 37%
C) 47%
D) 57%

Question 72

The arrival of a new baby in the family is most likely to

A) be a joyous occasion for all.
B) promote feelings of resentment and dependency behaviors in existing firstborn children.
C) result in parents overcompensating by paying more attention to older siblings than the newborn.
D) enhance an older sibling's feelings of competence and self-reliance.

Question 73

If Fay and Ray want their adolescent daughter Kay to "make it" as an independent adult, they should

A) exert strong control over Kay's behavior during the adolescent years.
B) distance themselves from Kay, to weaken their attachment relationship.
C) let Kay make her own choices and withhold their own opinions, because they won't be around to help their child forever.
D) gradually relinquish power and control so that Kay gains experience in making wise choices.

Question 74

According to a child effects model,

A) children influence their parents through variables such as their age and personality.
B) parents are most influential in the parent-child relationship.
C) parents are responsible for how children turn out.
D) children's behaviors are almost all due to innate genetic factors.

Question 75

Regarding sibling rivalry relationships,

A) if parents get along, brothers and sisters are less likely to get along.
B) conflicts between siblings is abnormal.
C) conflict tends to decrease when siblings begin spending more time away from home.
D) the more extreme and destructive the rivalry, the less likely the negative impact on development.

Question 76

Which is true regarding parent-adolescent relationships?

A) Interactions in childhood have no impact on an adolescent's relationship with his of her parents.
B) The conflict level between teens and parents has grown dramatically during the past few decades.
C) The best way to describe the typical parent-child relationship from the teen years through middle age is a roller coaster of big highs and great lows.
D) Most adolescents respect their parents.

Question 77

The fact that infants elicit more sensitive care from adults than teens is best explained by

A) the parent effects model.
B) caregiver burden.
C) the child effects model.
D) permissive parenting.

Question 78

Paul and Mary have a toddler, Peter, and are expecting a new baby. What is the best advice for assisting Paul and Mary in helping Peter to adjust?

A) Make sure he knows he is their favorite.
B) Let him have special privileges such as staying up late and eating whatever he wants.
C) Encourage him to help take care of the new baby after it's born.
D) Send him to stay with his grandparents for a few weeks while they get settled with the new baby.

Question 79

Sibling rivalry is typically characterized by

A) resentment and jealousy.
B) love and limits.
C) forgiving and empathy.
D) violence and psychosis.

Question 80

Rudy just turned 17 and has begun to hang with a bad crowd engaging in antisocial behaviors (e.g., drug use). His parents react by taking away his cell phone and treating him in a less supportive manner. Which family systems model is best exemplified by Rudy's parent's reaction?

A) Social learning
B) Parent effects
C) Indirect effect
D) Child effects