Deck 14: Two Too Many Factors: Factorial Analysis of Variancea Brief Introduction

Question 1

ANOVA with replication is also known as _______.

A)repeated measures
B)between-group design
C)mixed design
D)one-way ANOVA

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In the main effect F₍₁,₉₎ = 1.67, p = .229, what does F stand for?

A)the probability level
B)the critical value
C)the F value
D)the F statistic

Answer 2

D

Question 3

_______ is another name for a factorial ANOVA.

A)one-way analysis of variance
B)two-way analysis of variance
C)simple ANOVA
D)complex ANOVA

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Results from an ANOVA are placed in what type of table?

A)ANOVA table
B)source table
C)effects table
D)output table

Question 5

The factorial ANOVA can be used to test ______.

A)main effects and interaction effects of the independent variables
B)main effects and interaction effects of the dependent variable
C)main effects of the independent variables only
D)main effects of the dependent variable only

Question 6

If you have two main effects, and one main effect is significant, this means that ______.

A)The other main effect must be significant.
B)The interaction effect must be significant.
C)The interaction effect must not be significant.
D)The other main effect and the interaction effect may or may not be significant.

Question 7

The number of main effects is equal to ______.

A)the number of dependent variables
B)the number of independent variables
C)the number of independent variables plus the number of interaction effects
D)the number of dependent variables minus the number of interaction effects

Question 8

When plotted on a graph, if the lines representing the effects of two variables cross, you have _______.

A)an interaction effect
B)no interaction effect
C)possibly an interaction effect
D)n effect that cannot be determined

Question 9

In ANOVA, you have a main effect when ______.

A)A factor significantly affects the outcome variable.
B)An outcome significantly affects a factor.
C)There is an interaction between factors.
D)There is an interaction between outcomes.

Question 10

When plotted on a graph, if the lines representing the effects of two variables are parallel, you have _______.

A)an interaction effect
B)no interaction effect
C)possibly an interaction effect
D)an effect that cannot be determined

Question 11

In the main effect F₍₁,₉₎ = 1.67, p = .229, what is 1.67?

A)the obtained value
B)the critical value
C)the probability level
D)the correlation

Question 12

In ANOVA, you have an interaction effect when ______.

A)The effect of one independent variable differs based on the level of a second independent variable.
B)The effect of one dependent variable differs based on the level of a second dependent variable.
C)The effect of one dependent variable differs based on the level of a second independent variable.
D)The effect of one independent variable differs based on the level of a second dependent variable.

Question 13

A factorial ANOVA is _______ analysis.

A)univariate
B)bivariate
C)multivariate
D)exivariate

Question 14

In the main effect F₍₁,₉₎ = 1.67, p = .229, what is .229?

A)The obtained value
B)The critical value
C)The correlation
D)The level of significance

Question 15

When you want to examine the impact of more than one independent variable on the outcome variable, what type of ANOVA should be used?

A)multivariate ANOVA
B)factorial ANOVA
C)one-way ANOVA
D)simple ANOVA

Question 16

The factorial ANOVA is used when you have ______.

A)one independent variable
B)more than one independent variable
C)two dependent variables
D)two or more dependent variables

Question 17

You would want to use a factorial ANOVA if you had _______ variables.

A)two independent
B)two dependent
C)one independent
D)three dependent

Question 18

If you find that income significantly varies on the basis of gender, you have ______.

A)a main effect
B)an interaction effect
C)both a main effect and an interaction effect
D)neither a main effect nor an interaction effect

Question 19

In the factorial ANOVA, participants are tested _______.

A)only once
B)exactly twice
C)once or more
D)twice or more

Question 20

When analysis of data reveals a difference between levels of a factor, what is this called?

A)interaction effect
B)factor effect
C)level effect
D)main effect

Question 21

An analysis that examines more than one dependent variable or outcome is known as _______ ANOVA.

A)multivariate
B)one-way
C)univariate
D)two-way

Question 22

If your analysis notes that participants in a weight loss study differ in amount of weight lost based on their gender, what type of effect is this called?

A)interaction effect
B)factor effect
C)level effect
D)main effect

Question 23

Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects gender and school type (i.e., elementary, middle, or high school) on a scale of student attitudes toward learning?

A)2 × 2 ANOVA
B)3 × 3 ANOVA
C)2 × 3 ANOVA
D)Simple ANOVA

Question 24

How many research hypotheses are used in a 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 25

When you have more than one factor, what type of ANOVA should be used?

A)one-way ANOVA
B)multivariate ANOVA
C)simple ANOVA
D)factorial ANOVA

Question 26

Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects of gender and SES (high SES and low SES) on a test of student achievement?

A)one-way ANOVA
B)2 × 2 ANOVA
C)multivariate ANOVA
D)3 × 2 ANOVA

Question 27

In a factorial ANOVA, one of the null hypotheses might look like this:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 28

If your analysis notes that males in a weight loss study differ from females in the weight loss study in the amount of weight lost based on the type of weight loss program used, what type of effect is this called?

A)interaction effect
B)factor effect
C)level effect
D)main effect

Question 29

How many null hypotheses are associated with a two-way ANOVA?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 30

What type of ANOVA is used when there is only one type of treatment or grouping factor with more than two levels?

A)one way
B)two way
C)three way
D)four way

Question 31

If you wanted to examine whether the attitudes toward learning differs based on students' grade in school (i.e., first, second, third, etc.), what is the independent variable of interest?

A)grade level
B)students' attitudes
C)parents' attitudes
D)level of parent involvement

Question 32

The effect of one factor in a factorial ANOVA is called the _______.

A)interaction effect
B)main effect
C)differential effect
D)experimental effect

Question 33

An analysis that examines one dependent variable or outcome is known as _______ ANOVA.

A)multivariate
B)simple
C)one-way
D)univariate

Question 34

In a factorial ANOVA, one of the research hypotheses might look like this:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 35

How many null hypotheses are used in a 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 36

In a factorial ANOVA, one of the research hypotheses for a main effect might look like this:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 37

When you are interested in finding out if students' achievement level changes over time as result of a reading intervention, what type of ANOVA would you use?

A)repeated measures
B)between-groups design
C)mixed design
D)one-way ANOVA

Question 38

What type of ANOVA would examine effects of political party (i.e., Democrat, Republican, or independent) affiliation and gender on attitudes toward the death penalty?

A)2 × 2 ANOVA
B)3 × 2 ANOVA
C)3 × 2 × 1 ANOVA
D)3 × 3 ANOVA

Question 39

If your analysis notes that participants in a weight loss study differ in amount of weight lost based on the type of weight loss program used, what type of effect is this called?

A)interaction effect
B)factor effect
C)level effect
D)main effect

Question 40

When analysis of data reveals differential effects of one factor across levels of another factor, what is this called?

A)interaction effect
B)factor effect
C)level effect
D)main effect

Question 41

In a factorial ANOVA, the research hypothesis for the interaction might look like this:

A)H₁: µᵤppₑᵣ × nₑw = µᵤppₑᵣ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng = µmᵢddlₑ × nₑw = µmᵢddlₑ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng
B)H₀: µᵤppₑᵣ × nₑw ≠ µᵤppₑᵣ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng ≠ µmᵢddlₑ × nₑw ≠ µmᵢddlₑ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng
C)H₁: ᵤppₑᵣ × nₑw = ᵤppₑᵣ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng = mᵢddlₑ × nₑw = mᵢddlₑ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng
D)H₁: ᵤppₑᵣ × nₑw ≠ ᵤppₑᵣ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng ≠ mᵢddlₑ × nₑw ≠ mᵢddlₑ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng

Question 42

In the factorial ANOVA, subjects are measured ______.

A)only once
B)exactly twice
C)once or more
D)twice or more

Question 43

In the main effect F₍₁,₁₂₎ = 5.25, p < .05, what is the number of 5.25?

A)the obtained value
B)the critical value
C)the probability level
D)the correlation

Question 44

In the main effect F₍₁,₉₎ = 1.67, p = .229, what is the obtained value?

A)1
B)9
C)1.67
D).229

Question 45

What do we call the difference when results showed a difference between levels of a factor?

A)interaction effect
B)factor effect
C)level effect
D)main effect

Question 46

In the main effect F₍₁,₁₂₎ = 5.25, p < .05, what does the symbol p stand for?

A)the obtained value
B)the critical value
C)the probability level
D)the correlation

Question 47

In a factorial ANOVA, the null hypothesis for the interaction might look like this:

A)H₀: µᵤppₑᵣ × nₑw = µᵤppₑᵣ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng = µmᵢddlₑ × nₑw = µmᵢddlₑ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng
B)H₀: µᵤppₑᵣ × nₑw ≠ µᵤppₑᵣ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng ≠ µmᵢddlₑ × nₑw ≠ µmᵢddlₑ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng
C)H₁: ᵤppₑᵣ × nₑw = ᵤppₑᵣ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng = mᵢddlₑ × nₑw = mᵢddlₑ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng
D)H₁: ᵤppₑᵣ × nₑw ≠ ᵤppₑᵣ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng ≠ mᵢddlₑ × nₑw ≠ mᵢddlₑ × ᵣₑtᵤᵣnᵢng

Question 48

If you wanted to examine whether television viewing through social learning differs based on students' grade in school (i.e., first, second, third, etc.), what is the independent variable of interest?

A)grade level
B)television viewing
C)students
D)school

Question 49

You wish to examine the impact of three different types of wall paint colors (blue, green, and yellow) on how often toddlers cry.Which of the following tests is appropriate to use?

A)factorial ANOVA
B)t-test for dependent samples
C)t-test for independent samples
D)one-way ANOVA

Question 50

In the main effect F₍₁,₉₎ = 1.67, p = .229, what is the level of significance?

A)1
B)9
C)1.67
D).229

Question 51

In what condition do you use the factorial ANOVA?

A)when you have one independent variable
B)when you have more than one independent variable
C)when you have two dependent variables
D)when you have two or more dependent variables

Question 52

Dr.Moo conducted a research project in which she compared the impact of two types of therapy (pizza therapy and chocolate therapy) and gender on college students' happiness.Which of the following can be confirmed by the table below? $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Source } & \text { Surns of Squares } & \text { df } & \text { Mear square } & F & \text { Significance } \\\hline \text { Therapy } & \mathbf { 2 6 5 . 2 2 5 } & 1 & 265.225 & 2.444 & .127 \\\hline \text { Gender } & \mathbf { 2 0 7 . 0 2 5 } & 1 & 207.205 & 1.908 & 176 \\\hline \text { Therapy } \times \text { Gender } & 1,050.625 & 1 & 1,050.625 & 9.683 & .004 \\\hline \text { Error } & \mathbf { 3 , 9 0 6 . 1 0 0 } & \mathbf { 3 6 } & 108.503 & & \\\hline \text { Total } & \mathbf { 2 2 4 , 3 2 1 . 0 0 0 } & \mathbf { 3 9 } & & & \\\hline\end{array}$$

A)There is a main effect of therapy.
B)There is a main effect of gender.
C)There is an interaction effect.
D)There is no interaction effect.

Question 53

What is the two-way analysis of variance?

A)one-way analysis of variance
B)factorial ANOVA
C)simple ANOVA
D)complex ANOVA

Question 54

If you wanted to examine whether television viewing through social learning differs based on students' grade in school (i.e., first, second, third, etc.), what is the dependent variable of interest?

A)grade level
B)television viewing
C)students
D)school

Question 55

In a factorial ANOVA, one of the null hypotheses for a main effect might look like this:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 56

You wish to examine the impact of two different types of music (pop music and jazz music) and pet food served (wet food and dry food) on how often cats glare at their owners.Which of the following tests is appropriate to use?

A)factorial ANOVA
B)t-test for dependent samples
C)t-test for independent samples
D)one-way ANOVA

Question 57

Dr.Moo conducted a research project in which she compared the impact of two types of therapy (pizza therapy and chocolate therapy) and gender on college students' happiness.What is the following table called? $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Source } & \text { Surns of Squares } & d f & \text { Mean square } & F & \text { Significance } \\\hline \text { Therapy } & 265.225 & 1 & 265.225 & 2.444 & .127 \\\hline \text { Gender } & 207.025 & 1 & 207.205 & 1.908 & 176 \\\hline \text { Therapy } \times \text { Gender } & 1,050.625 & 1 & 1,050.625 & 9.683 & .004 \\\hline \text { Error } & \mathbf { 3 , 9 0 6 . 1 0 0 } & \mathbf { 3 6 } & 108.503 & & \\\hline \text { Total } & \mathbf { 2 2 4 , 3 2 1 . 0 0 0 } & \mathbf { 3 9 } & & & \\\hline\end{array}$$

A)results table
B)outcome table
C)variable table
D)source table

Question 58

The factorial ANOVA is used when you have multiple independent variables.

Question 59

A researcher wants to create an intervention to improve the well-being of graduate students in a counseling program, so she gives one group of students specific doses of rocky road ice cream, the second group of students specific doses of licorice, and the third group of students specific doses of chewy fruit-flavored candies for their treatments.As a second factor, she includes students in their first semester of their first year of graduate school as one cohort and students in the first semester of their second year of graduate school as the other cohort.To analyze the differences in well-being between the students in the three different "treatments" and two cohorts, she would use a(n) _______.

A)analysis of covariance
B)analysis of variance
C)factorial analysis of variance
D)repeated-measures analysis of variance

Question 60

A researcher wants to create an intervention to improve the well-being of graduate students in a counseling program, so she gives one group of students specific doses of rocky road ice cream, the second group of students specific doses of licorice, and the third group of students specific doses of chewy fruit-flavored candies for their treatments.As a second factor, she includes students in their first semester of their first year of graduate school as one cohort and students in the first semester of their second year of graduate school as the other cohort.The first factor in this intervention would be _______, the second factor would be _______, and the dependent variable would be _______.

A)type of treatment; cohort; well-being
B)well-being; students; cohort
C)well-being; cohort; type of treatment
D)type of treatment; well-being; cohort

Question 61

Like the scatter plot in a correlation, one of the easiest ways to see the magnitude of an interaction (or the absence of one) in a factorial ANOVA is to plot the means.

Question 62

If your main effects are significant, your interaction effects will also be significant in all cases.

Question 63

An interaction effect is a phenomenon where the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable differs based on the level of a second independent variable.

Question 64

What three questions can you answer by doing a 2 × 2 factorial analysis?

Question 65

What are the three null hypotheses used in a 2 × 2 factorial analysis?

Question 66

Interaction effects are between independent variables.

Question 67

What are the three research hypotheses used in a 2 × 2 factorial analysis?

Question 68

What is a main effect?

Question 69

The factorial ANOVA can test main effects but not interaction effects.

Question 70

What is a factorial ANOVA?

Question 71

The source table lists sources of variance in an analysis of variance.

Question 72

In the factorial ANOVA, participants are tested only once.

Question 73

When should you use a factorial ANOVA instead of a simple ANOVA?

Question 74

If an independent variable has a significant effect on the outcome variable, you have a main effect.

Question 75

The test statistic used in the factorial ANOVA is the F-test.

Question 76

Why do we use SPSS to calculate a factorial ANOVA?

Question 77

Dr.Moo conducted a research project in which she compared the impact of two types of therapy (pizza therapy and chocolate therapy) and gender on college students' happiness.How many research hypotheses did she have, and how would you write them?