Deck 17: Europe After World War II: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT associated with the Truman Doctrine?

A) U. S. military and economic aid were granted to Greece and Turkey.
B) The Truman Doctrine committed U.S. aid to any free people resisting aggression.
C) The Truman Doctrine broke with traditional American isolationism.
D) The centerpiece of the Truman Doctrine was the Berlin airlift.
E) The Truman Doctrine was part of a wider strategy to contain Communism.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

During the Korean War

A) the United States gained the backing of the UN.
B) China joined the conflict when North Korean was invaded.
C) the division of Korea was affirmed.
D) there was little indication that the conflict would result in a "hot" war between the superpowers.
E) all of the above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following sequences of events is accurate?

A) the establishment of the United Nations, the Iron Curtain speech, the initiation of the Marshal Plan, the formation of NATO, and the death of Stalin
B) the Iron Curtain speech,the formation of NATO,the establishment of the United Nations,the initiation of the Marshal Plan,and the death of Stalin
C) the initiation of the Marshal Plan,the formation of NATO,the Iron Curtain speech,the death of Stalin, andthe establishment of the United Nations
D) the initiation of the Marshal Plan,the Iron Curtain speech,the formation of NATO,the establishment of the United Nations, and the death of Stalin
E) the formation of NATO,the establishment of the United Nations, the Iron Curtain speech, the death of Stalin, andthe initiation of the Marshal Plan

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The first direct forerunner of the European Economic Community was

A) the Common Market.
B) the European Community.
C) Mitteleuropa.
D) the European Union.
E) the European Coal and Steel Community.

Question 5

In regard to the Vietnamese conflict

A) in 1975, American forces were driven into the sea.
B) American involvement stemmed from fear that countries emerging from colonial rule would fall like dominoes to Communism.
C) the fighting between the United States and North Vietnam lasted thirty years.
D) Americans were divided over the politics of war, but not its morality.
E) America's determination in the war substantially increased its international stature.

Question 6

François Mitterrand's career involved

A) nationalization of banks and industries.
B) abandoning the Gaullist perspective in government.
C) working with the Green Peace party to end nuclear power in France.
D) leading the opposition party, but not participating in government.
E) leading the French Communists.

Question 7

The phrase "Cold War" was coined in 1947 by

A) Harry S. Truman.
B) George Kennan.
C) Winston Churchill.
D) Bernard Baruch.
E) Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Question 8

The original European Economic Community established in 1957 did NOT include

A) West Germany.
B) France.
C) Britain.
D) Italy.
E) the Benelux countries.

Question 9

General Charles de Gaulle may be associated with

A) serving the Vichy government during World War II.
B) seeking to prohibit the building of a nuclear program in France.
C) insisting that France be admitted to NATO.
D) creating a postwar government that had limited executive authority.
E) none of the above

Question 10

The text summarizes Margaret Thatcher's program as British Prime Minister as

A) expanding women's rights and assuring the entire population's access to health care.
B) challenging the nuclear superiority of the U.S.S.R. and the United States.
C) reduction of inflation and promotion of individual initiative and private enterprise.
D) nationalization of the coal, steel, and railroad industries, and of the banks.
E) pragmatic, moving from free market to state socialism according to circumstances.

Question 11

When the Red Army occupied Eastern Europe

A) no one knew how Stalin would treat the conquered people.
B) Western European countries and the United States became alarmed.
C) the Soviet Union regarded Eastern Europe as a buffer against invasion.
D) it contributed to the outbreak of the Cold War.
E) all of the above

Question 12

Following World War II,Britain

A) retained its position as one of the superpowers.
B) struggled doggedly to maintain its colonial empire.
C) extended government control over the economy.
D) witnessed very conservative parties managing the government.
E) stayed aloof from developments on the Continent.

Question 13

The year 1968 will be remembered in France as a time when

A) France joined the European Community.
B) Algeria became independent.
C) de Gaulle took power.
D) students and workers rioted in Paris.
E) France withdrew its troops from Germany.

Question 14

In the postwar world,which of the following does the text identify as the heir to and guardian of the Western tradition?

A) Britain
B) France
C) Poland
D) the United States
E) the Common Market

Question 15

In the arms and space races,the

A) America's geographical invulnerability was ended by intercontinental ballistic missiles.
B) United States was the first to launch a man-made satellite.
C) first man in space was an American.
D) Soviet backed down in the Cuban Missile Crisis without any concession from the United States.
E) Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty was signed within ten years of the bombing of Hiroshima.

Question 16

Following World War II,the United States

A) retreated into post-war isolation.
B) saw the Communist threat as a minor concern.
C) created the Warsaw Pact.
D) became a political giant.
E) demanded that European states repay their loans.

Question 17

Which of the following successfully defied Stalin in Eastern Europe?

A) Estonia
B) Latvia
C) Lithuania
D) Yugoslavia
E) Hungary

Question 18

The Iron Curtain referred to the

A) defensive barrier set up across Europe by the United States to contain the Soviet Union.
B) Maginot Line, which had failed to shield France from German attack in 1940.
C) ideological divide between Eastern and Western Europe.
D) fortified boundary between Communist North Korea and South Korea.
E) institutional barriers in most Western European countries prohibiting Communist parties from gaining power.

Question 19

All of the following countries were original members of NATO EXCEPT

A) Canada.
B) Spain.
C) Ireland.
D) Iceland.
E) Norway.

Question 20

The end of the Fourth Republic and the establishment of the Fifth Republic in France came about because of the

A) threat of a right-wing military coup due to troubles in Algeria.
B) threat of a Communist revolution.
C) French defeat in Vietnam.
D) student-worker riots of 1968.
E) requirements of the European Economic Community.

Question 21

All of the following was true of the postwar Italian Communists EXCEPT

A) they were relatively free from corruption.
B) they were able to gain support because of the continual troubles of the Italian economy.
C) they were well organized.
D) they were oriented toward Europe rather than Moscow.
E) they usually gained a quarter of the vote.

Question 22

The Soviet leader who denounced Stalin in 1956 was

A) Andrei Sinyavsky.
B) Anatoly Dobrynin.
C) Yuli Daniel.
D) Nikita Khrushchev.
E) Leonid Brezhnev.

Question 23

Each of the following statements about West Germany is correct EXCEPT

A) the Cold War acted as a restraint on the WestGerman economy.
B) the Federal Republic was in a militarily strategic position in terms of the Cold War.
C) West Germany was much larger than East Germany.
D) the Federal Republic was quickly integrated into the new postwar Europe.
E) West Germany was able to let go of its old nationalist hatreds.

Question 24

Among the problems Italy had in the postwar period were all of the following EXCEPT

A) a rapid change of governments.
B) a sharp contrast between north and south.
C) a tremendous influx of immigrant labor.
D) a sluggish economic recovery in the north.
E) the power of the Mafia in Sicily.

Question 25

The country whose prosperity in the 1970s,though incredibly limited in contrast with Western Europe,made it the envy of Soviet-bloc countries was

A) Romania.
B) Turkey.
C) Poland.
D) Czechoslovakia.
E) Hungary.

Question 26

Which of the following is indicative of the degree to which West Germany was reintegrated in the postwar West?

A) West Germany was admitted into NATO.
B) West Germany was admitted to the United Nations.
C) West Germany was a member of the European Coal and Steel Community.
D) West Germany joined France in promoting the European Community.
E) all of the above

Question 27

Chancellor Willy Brandt's "opening toward the East"

A) resulted in the dismantling of the Berlin Wall.
B) led to a massive influx of guest workers especially from Turkey.
C) resulted in the Federal Republic of Germany leaving the NATO alliance and declaring neutrality.
D) contributed to a temporary increase of Cold War tensions.
E) none of the above

Question 28

At the end of the war in 1945,Germany's

A) economy and cities lay in ruin.
B) political unity was shattered by its division among occupying powers.
C) territory was substantially reduced.
D) independence was suspended.
E) all of the above

Question 29

Alexander Dub $\check { c }$ ek and "socialism with a human face"

A) replaced Khrushchev and his experimentalism in the Soviet Union.
B) were part of the dissident movement in Czechoslovakia known as the Prague Spring.
C) were part of the Communist establishment in Czechoslovakia that successfully earned public goodwill and encouraged the fall of Communism less than two years later.
D) were the first sign of a dissident movement in the Soviet Union itself.
E) liberalized the Czechoslovak Communist regime, gained genuine popular support, and were ousted by the Soviet-led invasion in 1968.

Question 30

The attack on Stalin in 1956

A) discredited Stalinists throughout the Soviet bloc.
B) encouraged moderates that changes were coming.
C) revived discussions against intellectuals.
D) aroused visions of national self-determination.
E) all of the above

Question 31

Which of the following leaders died in 1953?

A) Joseph Stalin
B) Helmut Kohl
C) Winston Churchill
D) Benito Mussolini
E) Imre Nagy

Question 32

Nikita Khrushchev fell from power

A) while he was on vacation.
B) in the midst of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
C) after he sent troops into Hungary.
D) because he denounced Stalin.
E) and was imprisoned.

Question 33

The leader of Romania executed on December 25,1989 was

A) Tedor Zhivkov.
B) Nicholae Ceausecsu.
C) Lech Walesa.
D) János Kádar.
E) Alexander Dubcek.

Question 34

By 2009,social welfare spending in France consumed what percent of the GDP?

A) 10 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 40 percent
E) 50 percent

Question 35

Stalin's death brought

A) the aborting of a campaign against Jews.
B) an outpouring of grief from many of the people.
C) a feeling of relief among his advisers.
D) a "thaw" that emptied Stalin's forced-labor camps.
E) all of the above

Question 36

The "Polish October" demonstrated that

A) the Polish capitalists could be easily threatened by Moscow.
B) the Polish people had not lost their traditional values and sense of independence.
C) Poles would fight for the freedom of their bishops.
D) reform of a Communist system was impossible.
E) the Soviet Union would not tolerate any deviation from the Soviet line.

Question 37

How did the Soviet Union change after Khrushchev's forced retirement?

A) There was a short but intense return to the harshest years of Stalinism.
B) Oligarchic rule emerged stressing reasoned decisions and more restrained authoritarianism.
C) After a short period of confusion, the Soviet Union embarked on a program of liberalization comparable to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.
D) Nothing fundamental changed. Khrushchev was simply replaced by Brezhnev.
E) none of the above

Question 38

The Warsaw Pact was

A) a military alliance of the Soviet Union and its East European satellites.
B) an alliance of non-aligned nations in Europe, including Yugoslavia, Albania, Poland, and Romania.
C) the agreement in which Roosevelt and Churchill effectively handed Poland over to Stalin.
D) the agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets dividing up Poland.
E) the Eastern Bloc's equivalent of the European Economic Community.

Question 39

Which of the following statements about Simone de Beauvoir is NOT accurate?

A) De Beauvoir was a leading existentialist.
B) Her 1949 book, The Second Sex, became a feminist classic.
C) Her polemical work, The Coming of Age (1972), is about the liberation of the individual from authority and the awesome burden of true freedom.
D) De Beauvoir was a pacifist and a strong critic of French colonial rule in Algeria.
E) She believed that an individual is solely responsible for who she becomes.

Question 40

In part inspired by events in Poland,Hungary

A) adopted sweeping reforms toward a Western-type democracy.
B) kept a moderate Communist government but withdrew from the Warsaw Pact.
C) experienced an uprising in Budapest that forced the Soviets to withdraw from the country.
D) suffered a Soviet invasion followed by a new, brutal, Soviet-backed regime.
E) all of the above

Question 41

Gorbachev blamed the failure of his liberalizing policies in the Soviet Union on

A) dark domestic forces that conspired against him.
B) their application only when the situation had deteriorated beyond remedy.
C) a political culture and tradition unprepared for "a law-based state."
D) destructive pressure from outside the Soviet Union.
E) his own failure to promote them with sufficient vigor.

Question 42

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Warsaw Pact

Question 43

The Yugoslav Communist,Milovan Djilas,made the following observation about the Communist system:

A) Were it not for capitalist hostility, Communism as practiced in Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union would reach the final stages of development envisioned by Marx.
B) Rather than eliminating classes, governing Communist parties and bureaucracies have themselves become "the New Class," which was exploitative as it governed.
C) Communism can only develop in countries that have a history of the rule of law and basic human freedoms.
D) The Communist system may be viable someday but not in his lifetime.
E) Though imperfect, existing Communist systems are the only viable applications of scientific Marxism and must be supported.

Question 44

Which of the following was NOT a former colony of Britain granted independence after World War II?

A) India
B) Nigeria
C) Botswana
D) Algeria
E) Sudan

Question 45

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Cold War

Question 46

Which of the following fought a bloody war against Pakistan for independence?

A) Bangladesh
B) Laos
C) Burma
D) Sri Lanka
E) all of the above

Question 47

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
policy of containment

Question 48

Of the following,who amassed a huge fortune as he ruled Zaire for 32 years?

A) Kwame Nkrumah
B) Patrice Lumumba
C) Mobutu Sese Seko
D) Julius Nyerere
E) Idi Amin

Question 49

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Iron Curtain

Question 50

The year 1989 saw all of these events EXCEPT

A) fall of the Berlin Wall.
B) collapse of communism in Romania and Czechoslovakia.
C) resignation of Gorbachev.
D) 340,000 people leaving Eastern Europe through Hungary and Czechoslovakia.
E) resignation of Tedor Zhivkov in Bulgaria.

Question 51

What challenge faced countries emerging from decolonization after World War II?

A) The European political systems they sought to maintain as independent states had little in common with local traditions.
B) Almost inevitably the two superpowers interfered, hoping to gain support from the newly independent states.
C) The states lacked the qualified personnel needed to run a western-style state and economy.
D) Tribal animosities, corruption, and personal ambition often led to civil war.
E) all of the above

Question 52

Between the 1950s and the 1980s

A) production in Western Europe and the United States was record-breaking.
B) a drastic increase in oil prices resulted in a setback in the postwar economic boom.
C) economic successes in the West have supported constitutional democracies.
D) unemployment remained high in the 1980s, despite economic growth.
E) all of the above

Question 53

Which of the following years is referred to as the "Year of Liberation"?

A) 1985
B) 1987
C) 1989
D) 1991
E) 2001

Question 54

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Marshall Plan

Question 55

Gorbachev's twin policies of openness and restructuring were primarily intended to

A) bring a slow but definite breakup of the Soviet Union.
B) disorient the population as the ruling elites regrouped.
C) generate genuine civic cooperation with the Communist government to revitalize the Soviet system.
D) defuse the growing grass-roots discontent in Eastern Europe embodied in Poland's Solidarity movement.
E) revitalize the stagnating economy without changing the Soviet political system.

Question 56

Jomo Kenyatta

A) became the leader of independent Kenya in 1963.
B) built a capitalist-oriented economy.
C) was imprisoned by the British for opposing colonial rule.
D) employedHarambee(pulling together) ashis slogan.
E) all of the above

Question 57

When hardline Communists attempted a coup against Gorbachevthat would re-establish the Communist dictatorship

A) Muscovites applauded the action.
B) he was quickly hustled off to Siberia for six months.
C) they lost the support of the KGB to Yeltsin.
D) he emerged as an even stronger leader of the Soviet Union.
E) they succeeded in delaying the disintegration of the Soviet Union for two years.

Question 58

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
NATO

Question 59

The term perestroika,one of Mikhail Gorbachev's main goals,translates as

A) "restructuring."
B) "democracy."
C) "freedom."
D) "openness."
E) "gladness."

Question 60

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Truman Doctrine

Question 61

Instructions: Please use this outline map of the world to answer the question(s).

Locate and label the following newly established or independent countries after World War II: Pakistan,India,Libya,the Philippines,and Israel.

Question 62

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
European Coal and Steel Community

Question 63

Instructions: Please use this outline map of the world to answer the question(s).

What accounts for the rise of the two new superpowers of the Soviet Union and the United States? Why did they fear one another during the Cold War?

Question 64

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).


-Locate and label the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Question 65

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"socialism with a human face"

Question 66

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
decolonization

Question 67

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

Draw in the boundary changes after World War II.Clearly label each of the changes.

Question 68

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"economic miracle"

Question 69

Instructions: Please use this outline map of the world to answer the question(s).

Comment on the major ways that the Soviet Union and the United States attempted to extend their influence during the Cold War.

Question 70

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
OPEC

Question 71

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
sputnik

Question 72

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Vietcong

Question 73

Instructions: Please use this outline map of the world to answer the question(s).

What major ideologies and events defined the Cold War?

Question 74

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
ICBMs

Question 75

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

Draw in the Iron Curtain,and label each of the countries bordering the Curtain.

Question 76

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
perestroika and glasnost

Question 77

Instructions: Please use this outline map of the world to answer the question(s).

Define each of the following terms: Cold War,containment,Iron Curtain,Soviet buffer zone,and détente.What do they indicate about the postwar world and Europe's place in the world?

Question 78

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

Locate and label the sites of the following: Berlin airlift,Polish October,Hungarian Revolution,"Socialism with a Human Face," and the 1968 student-worker revolt.

Question 79

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"Polish October"

Question 80

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).


-Draw in each individual member of the Common Market in 1957.Next indicate the countries that joined the Common Market by 1986.