Deck 24: Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Question 1

All of the following can lead to a positive tuberculin skin test EXCEPT

A)vaccination.
B)current tuberculosis infection.
C)previous tuberculosis infection.
D)immunity to tuberculosis.
E)being near someone with tuberculosis.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which one of the following diseases has a cutaneous form,especially in individuals over 30 years of age?

A)coccidioidomycosis
B)diphtheria
C)legionellosis
D)scarlet fever
E)psittacosis

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which one of the following causes opportunistic infections in AIDS patients?

A)Pneumocystis
B)Aspergillus
C)Rhizopus
D)Mucor
E)All of the answers are correct.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which one of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its vaccine?

A)tuberculosis - toxoid
B)whooping cough - heat-killed bacteria
C)diphtheria - toxoid
D)influenza - viruses grown in embryonated eggs
E)pneumococcal pneumonia - capsular polysaccharides

Question 5

Infection by which one of the following results in the formation of Ghon complexes?

A)Bordetella pertussis
B)Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C)Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D)Streptococcus pyogenes
E)Blastomyces dermatidis

Question 6

Which one of the following requires treatment with both antibiotics and antitoxins?

A)diphtheria
B)tuberculosis
C)whooping cough
D)scarlet fever
E)psittacosis

Question 7

The lower respiratory tract is protected by all of the following EXCEPT

A)competition with the normal flora of the lungs.
B)IgA antibodies.
C)mucous secretions.
D)the ciliary escalator.
E)alveolar macrophages.

Question 8

Which one of the following produces the most potent exotoxin?

A)Bordetella pertussis
B)Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C)Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D)Streptococcus pyogenes
E)Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 9

Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by the catarrhal,paroxysmal,and convalescent stages?

A)Bordetella pertussis
B)Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C)Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D)Streptococcus pyogenes
E)respiratory syncytial virus

Question 10

Which one of the following statements about mycoplasmal pneumonia is TRUE?

A)The causative agent is a virus.
B)The symptoms resemble pneumococcal pneumonia.
C)The causative agent cannot be cultured.
D)Treatment is tetracyclines.
E)Annual vaccination can prevent infection.

Question 11

Which one of the following microorganisms causes symptoms most like tuberculosis?

A)Histoplasma
B)Coccidioides
C)Legionella
D)Mycoplasma
E)Influenza virus

Question 12

Which one of the following pairings is mismatched?

A)pharyngitis - sore throat
B)laryngitis - voice loss
C)epiglottitis - sore throat
D)sinusitis - headache and nasal mucous
E)otitis media - earache

Question 13

Which one of the following is an irregular,gram-positive rod?

A)Bordetella pertussis
B)Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C)Burkholderia pseudomallei
D)Streptococcus pyogenes
E)Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 14

Which one of the following is NOT a typical symptom of influenza?

A)fever
B)chills
C)headache
D)diarrhea
E)muscle aches

Question 15

Which one of the following does NOT cause otitis media?

A)Streptococcus pneumoniae
B)Haemophilus influenzae
C)Streptococcus pyogenes
D)Moraxella catarrhalis
E)Coxiella burnetii

Question 16

Which one of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its reservoir?

A)tuberculosis - cattle
B)histoplasmosis - soil
C)psittacosis - parakeets
D)coccidioidomycosis - air
E)pneumocystis - humans

Question 17

Members of the group A streptococci (GAS)cause all of the following EXCEPT

A)strep throat.
B)scarlet fever.
C)rheumatic fever.
D)pharyngitis.
E)epiglottitis.

Question 18

Which one of the following pairings is mismatched?

A)Corynebacterium - gram-positive rod
B)Mycobacterium - acid-fast rod
C)Mycoplasma - gram-positive pleomorphic rod
D)Bordetella - gram-negative pleomorphic rod
E)Haemophilus - gram-negative rod

Question 19

Which one of the following is mismatched?

A)epiglottitis - Haemophilus
B)Q fever - Rickettsia
C)psittacosis - Chlamydia
D)whooping cough - Bordetella
E)melioidosis - Burkholderia

Question 20

All of the following are true of the common cold EXCEPT

A)it is caused by rhinoviruses and coronaviruses.
B)it is transmitted via aerosols and contact.
C)early treatment will drastically reduce the disease symptoms.
D)complications include laryngitis and otitis media.
E)the duration of symptoms is approximately one week.

Question 21

Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows thick-walled cysts.What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A)Blastomyces
B)Coccidioides
C)Histoplasma
D)Mycobacterium
E)Pneumocystis

Question 22

All of the following are used as first-line drugs for treating tuberculosis EXCEPT

A)ethambutol.
B)isoniazid.
C)fluoroquinolones.
D)rifampin.
E)pyrazinamide.

Question 23

Soil is a reservoir for the pathogen for all of the following diseases EXCEPT

A)Q fever.
B)melioidosis.
C)blastomycosis.
D)histoplasmosis.
E)coccidioidomycosis.

Question 24

Which one of the following statements regarding tuberculosis is FALSE?

A)Nearly 1/3 of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis.
B)Nearly 1/3 of the world's population shows symptoms of tuberculosis.
C)It is responsible for nearly 2 million deaths per year.
D)At least 1/3 of those who are TB-positive are also HIV-positive.
E)Treatment requires at least six months of antibiotic therapy.

Question 25

The patient has a sore throat.What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A)Corynebacterium
B)Rhinovirus
C)Bordetella
D)Streptococcus
E)The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 26

Infection by which one of the following is often confused with viral pneumonia?

A)Blastomyces
B)Coccidioides
C)Mycoplasma
D)Streptococcus
E)Mycobacterium

Question 27

Inhalation of arthroconidia is responsible for infection by which one of the following organisms?

A)Blastomyces
B)Coccidioides
C)Mycoplasma
D)Streptococcus
E)Chlamydophila

Question 28

Which one of the following pairings is mismatched?

A)Burkholderia - melioidosis
B)Coxiella - Q fever
C)Mycoplasma - walking pneumonia
D)Chlamydophila - psittacosis
E)Mycobacterium - whooping cough

Question 29

A patient has a paroxysmal cough and mucus accumulation.What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A)Bordetella
B)Corynebacterium
C)Burkholderia
D)Mycobacterium
E)Mycoplasma

Question 30

Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by a red rash?

A)Blastomyces
B)Coccidioides
C)Mycoplasma
D)Streptococcus
E)RSV

Question 31

Which one of the following etiologic agents results in the formation of abscesses?

A)Staphylococcus
B)Mycoplasma
C)Streptococcus
D)Blastomyces
E)Coccidioides

Question 32

The patient is suffocating because of the accumulation of dead tissue and fibrin in her throat.What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A)Corynebacterium
B)Haemophilus
C)Bordetella
D)Mycobacterium
E)The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 33

The patient is suffocating because of an inflamed epiglottis.What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A)Corynebacterium
B)Haemophilus
C)Bordetella
D)Mycobacterium
E)RSV

Question 34

The primary victims of the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 were

A)members of the military.
B)infants and the elderly.
C)residents of Spain;therefore,it was known as the "Spanish Flu."
D)young adults.
E)residents of the U.S.

Question 35

A patient has pneumonia.Gram-negative rods are cultured on nutrient agar from a sputum sample.The etiology is

A)Burkholderia pseudomallei.
B)Chlamydophila psittaci.
C)Haemophilus influenzae.
D)Legionella pneumophila.
E)Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 36

All of the following are classified as fungi EXCEPT

A)Blastomyces.
B)Coccidioides.
C)Histoplasma.
D)Mycobacterium.
E)Pneumocystis.

Question 37

Which one of the following is an opportunistic pathogen?

A)Pneumocystis
B)Legionella
C)Histoplasma
D)Mycoplasma
E)rhinovirus

Question 38

Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows spherules.What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A)Blastomyces
B)Coccidioides
C)Histoplasma
D)Mycobacterium
E)Pneumocystis

Question 39

The most effective means of preventing influenza is

A)annual vaccination.
B)isolation of carriers.
C)vector control.
D)pasteurization of milk.
E)administration of amantadine.

Question 40

A patient who presents with red throat and tonsils can be diagnosed as having

A)streptococcal pharyngitis.
B)scarlet fever.
C)diphtheria.
D)the common cold.
E)The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 41

Melioidosis is a relatively new disease.Its means of transmission is primarily via

A)sexual contact.
B)contaminated water.
C)inhalation.
D)blood-borne transmission.
E)surgical wound contamination.

Question 42

A positive tuberculosis skin test indicates that the patient has active tuberculosis.

Question 43

The best diagnostic method for detection of chlamydial pneumonia is

A)direct brightfield light microscopic examination.
B)PCR detection.
C)biochemical testing of cultured microbes.
D)serological testing of the patient's blood.
E)fluorescent microscopy.

Question 44

Vaccination with the influenza vaccine confers lifelong immunity to influenza virus.

Question 45

Coccidioides immitis causes Valley fever,a fungal pulmonary disease that is endemic to the Mississippi Valley.

Question 46

Infections with Legionella pneumophila are usually transmitted via aerosols from contaminated air conditioning systems,showers,and humidifiers.

Question 47

In Q fever cases,involvement of which organ/system is responsible for the rare fatalities observed?

A)gastrointestinal tract
B)central nervous system
C)heart tissue
D)kidneys/urinary tract
E)pancreas/endocrine system

Question 48

A patient has fever,difficulty breathing,chest pains,fluid in the alveoli,and a positive tuberculin skin test.Gram-positive cocci are isolated from the sputum.The patient most likely has

A)tuberculosis.
B)influenza.
C)pneumococcal pneumonia.
D)mycoplasmal pneumonia.
E)the common cold.

Question 49

The causative agent of melioidosis is

A)Burkholderia pseudomallei.
B)Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
C)RSV.
D)influenza virus.
E)Mycoplasma.

Question 50

It is common for a normal,healthy individual to carry potentially pathogenic organisms in their upper respiratory tract.

Question 51

Which one of the following is NOT an intracellular parasite?

A)Chlamydophila
B)Coccidioides
C)Coxiella
D)Influenza virus
E)RSV

Question 52

Which one of the following produces small "fried-egg" colonies on medium containing horse serum and yeast extract?

A)Chlamydophila
B)Legionella
C)Mycobacterium
D)Mycoplasma
E)Streptococcus

Question 53

Legionella is transmitted by

A)airborne transmission.
B)foodborne transmission.
C)person-to-person contact.
D)fomites.
E)vectors.

Question 54

Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia,also known as "walking pneumonia."

Question 55

The symptoms of diphtheria are due to an exotoxin that blocks proteins synthesis in host cells.

Question 56

Risks for Q fever include contact with infected cattle and drinking unpasteurized milk.

Question 57

The most common causative agent of bacterial pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Question 58

In cases of psittacosis,mortality is approximately ________ in the absence of antibiotic therapy via tetracyclines.

A)1-3%
B)80-90%
C)0% (this infection is not lethal)
D)15-20%
E)5-10%

Question 59

Most cases of sinusitis and otitis media do not require treatment with antibiotics.They will usually resolve on their own due to natural immune responses.

Question 60

Which one of the following is responsible for epidemics of respiratory disease in infants?

A)rhinovirus
B)adenovirus
C)respiratory syncytial virus
D)influenza
E)Mycoplasma

Question 61

Characterize the disease melioidosis,then draft a control plan to prevent the spread of the infection if it should reach the United States.

Question 62

Using diphtheria and whooping cough as examples,discuss why it is necessary to continue to vaccinate against diseases that are relatively rare in the U.S.today.

Question 63

Compare and contrast antigenic shift and antigenic drift in influenza virus.How do antigenic shifts and drifts contribute to the need for annual vaccinations to prevent influenza?

Question 64

Tuberculosis and influenza are both worldwide problem infections.Compare and contrast prevention and treatment options for both diseases.Make and support an argument for prevention or treatment as the best option for either one of the two infections.

Question 65

Pneumonia is diagnosed by the presence of fluid (dark shadows in an X-ray image)in the alveoli.Given that pneumonia usually is caused by a microorganism,what causes the fluid accumulation? Name a bacterium,a virus,a fungus,a protozoan,and a helminth that can cause pneumonia.