Deck 20: Cardio-Vascular and Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

What is the most important goal in the nursing plan of care to decrease the frequency of hospitalizations for acute exacerbations of heart failure (HF) in older persons who have HF?

A)Control fluid balance.
B)Control blood pressure.
C)Prevent deconditioning.
D)Maintain patient safety.

Answer 1

Control fluid balance.

Question 2

The Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Lung Association recommend that every older person who will be entering a long-term care (LTC) facility as a resident will become part of communal living and must therefore undergo annual testing for tuberculosis (TB).Which of the following statements about TB in older persons is TRUE?

A)The principal threat from TB is its highly contagious nature.
B)The tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) test is a conclusive test for TB.
C)Antimicrobial drugs have made TB a thing of the past.
D)Older persons who contracted TB in their youth may suffer reactivation of TB.

Answer 2

Older persons who contracted TB in their youth may suffer reactivation of TB.

Question 3

Clinical heart failure (HF) is categorized as left-sided, right-sided, or both-sided (biventricular) failure.Mrs.Poulin, 80 years of age, lives in a long-term care (LTC) facility and has been diagnosed as having Class II mild heart failure.She is comfortable at rest and occasionally dyspneic after completing her own morning care.Which atypical exacerbation of congestive heart failure (CHF) should the nurse be alerted to when caring for Mrs.Poulin?

A)Weight gain of 1 kg in one week
B)Swelling of lower extremities after sitting for two hours
C)Malaise and diminished desire to participate in activities
D)Nonproductive cough

Answer 3

Malaise and diminished desire to participate in activities

Question 4

The exercise tolerance of an older person is impaired after a myocardial infarction (MI) because of a low ejection fraction.Which of the following primary interventions should the nurse use to assist this individual to restore baseline functional status?

A)Provide a well-balanced diet.
B)Assist with range of motion.
C)Instruct the older person to sit up in a chair four times daily.
D)Keep O2 saturation above 95%.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about heart disease in older persons is true?

A)More women than men die from myocardial infarctions.
B)Cardiac care for men and women is equally aggressive.
C)Cardiac medications have been tested on men and women equally.
D)Women generally receive less aggressive treatment than men do.

Question 6

Pneumonia and influenza are the seventh and eighth leading causes of death for men and women over the age of 65, respectively, according to Statistics Canada (2015).To prevent pneumonia and influenza in the older person, what is the priority nursing intervention?

A)Provide the older person with supplemental oxygen therapy, if and when it is necessary.
B)Administer IV antibiotics and other medications as prescribed.
C)Administer the influenza and pneumococcal vaccines.
D)Promote maximal functional capacity and encourage older persons to quit smoking.

Question 7

After an older person's acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the nurse prepares the patient for discharge to home.What is the most important patient teaching for the nurse to include for the prevention of hospitalizations for exacerbation of COPD?

A)Ease breathing by sitting upright.
B)Use low-flow oxygen for dyspnea.
C)Avoid sick people and wash hands.
D)Eat nutrient- and calorie-dense food.

Question 8

The nurse notices that an older female nursing home resident is not eating and that her heart rate is faster than usual at 110-120 beats per minute.What should the nurse do to eliminate pneumonia as a potential cause of the change in this resident's status?

A)Obtain a specimen for aerobic blood cultures.
B)Send the resident for a chest X-ray exam promptly.
C)Analyze sputum for colour, texture, and volume.
D)Compare tympanic temperature to the baseline.

Question 9

An older female adult who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) wants to perform self-care activities.Which instruction should the nurse include in patient teaching to help this older person achieve this goal?

A)Bathe and eat slowly, with periodic rest.
B)Walk short distances without oxygen.
C)Perform all activities of daily living (ADLs) together, and then rest.
D)Bathe right after eating and then rest.

Question 10

An older male adult in a cardiac rehabilitation exercise class refuses to participate in the cool-down phase of the activity, and two minutes later, he passes out but regains consciousness quickly.Which of the following instructions does the nurse include in patient teaching to reinforce to this older person the importance of cooling down after exercise?

A)Cardiac output diminishes with age.
B)Mobility capacity decreases with age.
C)Baroreceptor function diminishes with age.
D)Sensory perception diminishes with age.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about heart disease in older persons is true?

A)Myocardial infarction has many of the same symptoms in older patients as in middle-aged persons.
B)Excessive urination at night and orthopnea can be signs of heart failure.
C)Any exertion on the part of an older-person patient with heart disease can bring on another heart attack.
D)A person with heart failure is likely to have trouble breathing, except when lying down.