Deck 10: The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

Question 1

The Magna Carta could best be described as

A) a promise to work to develop democratic institutions.
B) an affirmation of the traditional rights of barons.
C) a guarantee of religious freedom for all Englishmen.
D) a guarantee of civil rights for all Englishmen.
E) the first feminist legislation of King John's reign.

Answer 1

an affirmation of the traditional rights of barons.

Question 2

By the end of the twelfth century, Spain was

A) free of Muslim control in the northern half of the country.
B) a fully united Christian kingdom.
C) once again completely under the control of the Muslims.
D) the most powerful nation in Europe.
E) ruled by the Valois dynasty of France.

Answer 2

free of Muslim control in the northern half of the country.

Question 3

During the fourteenth-century development of the French monarchy

A) Philip II suffered defeats at the hands of King John.
B) Louis IX was known for his blatant denial of his subjects' rights.
C) King Alfonso X encouraged the development of three religions.
D) Philip IV inaugurated the Estates-General, France's first parliament.
E) John the Good defeated the English at the Battle of Crecy.

Answer 3

Philip IV inaugurated the Estates-General, France's first parliament.

Question 4

The policy that Spanish Christian rulers followed during the reconquest in distributing lands, houses, and property of Muslims to Christians was known as

A) reconquista.
B) arrangemento.
C) parlemento
D) repartimiento.
E) none of the above

Question 5

One of the great political developments in England in the thirteenth century was

A) the Magna Carta, in which King John ended medieval rights and feudal obligations between king and nobles.
B) the emergence of the English Parliament under Edward I.
C) Edward I's successful unification of all the British Isles into a single feudal kingdom.
D) Edward I's Great Estates Council.
E) Henry III's creation of the Estates General.

Question 6

Feudalism in England under William I differed from feudalism in most other countries in that

A) he de-emphasized the role of knights.
B) he required all sub-vassals to swear allegiance to him.
C) homage was eliminated.
D) fiefs were drastically reduced in size.
E) manors were awarded only to members of William's own family.

Question 7

Scandinavia by the twelfth century

A) remained largely pagan and resistant to European culture.
B) contained the continent's most powerful nation, Sweden.
C) entered into a period of relative peace within and between local kingdoms.
D) had accepted Christianity through the agency of local kings who wished to better organize and govern their states.
E) abandoned their marriage alliances with the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 8

Under William of Normandy and his son Henry I, medieval England

A) saw its Anglo-Saxon institutions abolished and replaced by Norman ones.
B) was isolated from continental affairs.
C) developed a strong, centralized monarchy.
D) saw all of its land become part of the Norman family's demesne.
E) became a fief of France.

Question 9

The founder of the Mongol Empire was

A) Alexander Nevsky.
B) Kublai Khan.
C) Genghis Khan.
D) Khanbaliq
E) Vladimir of Kiev.

Question 10

William the Conqueror took over England in 1066 after the Battle of

A) Poitiers.
B) Runnymede.
C) Hastings.
D) Bosworth Field.
E) Agincourt.

Question 11

Parliament in England originally arose from the

A) popular demand of the people.
B) insistence of the nobles.
C) military victory over France.
D) old Celtic tradition of Druidic councils.
E) king's need to collect new taxes.

Question 12

During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, Holy Roman Emperors

A) expanded the boundaries of the Empire.
B) increased the size of their armies dramatically.
C) attempted to exploit the resources of Italy.
D) bankrupted their kingdom with their lavish spending.
E) abandoned Italy for conquests in the north.

Question 13

Frederick Barbarossa was defeated at Legnano in 1176, ending his attempts to control

A) the principalities of the Rhineland.
B) the Duchy of Burgundy.
C) the towns in northern Italy.
D) the Hanseatic towns in northern Germany.
E) the pope.

Question 14

The Christian reconquest of Spain in the thirteenth century

A) brought an economic revival, especially for the Andalusian region.
B) saw a politically united Spain.
C) saw the king of Castile, Alfonso X, expel all Jews and Muslims.
D) left Granada the last Muslim kingdom on the Iberian peninsula.
E) drove all of the Moors from Spain and back into Africa.

Question 15

When the rule of the Capetians began at the end of the tenth century

A) France was the most powerful country in Europe.
B) the French king only controlled an area known as the Ile-de-France.
C) the French had just defeated the English in the Hundred Year's War.
D) Bordeaux was the French capital.
E) French Capet princes were the Kings of Jerusalem.

Question 16

Which one of the following did Genghis Khan not claim as one of man's greatest joys?

A) to conquer one's enemy.
B) to pursue one's enemy.
C) to deprive one's enemy of their possessions.
D) to ride on one's enemies' horses.
E) to murder one's enemies' family.

Question 17

The Mongol invasions of eastern Europe and Russia eventually led to

A) the dominance of Alexander Nevsky's descendants over all of Russia.
B) a cultural legacy that had great influence on eastern Europe.
C) the Mongols' defeat at the hands of the Teutonic Knights in Silesia in 1241.
D) the temporary destruction of the Russian church.
E) the destruction and disappearance of the Kingdom of Poland.

Question 18

Frederick II of Hohenstaufen

A) allowed his kingdom to fall into chaos by leading military ventures in Italy.
B) was considered incompetent by his contemporaries.
C) was a brilliant scholar who wrote treatises on political philosophy.
D) was perhaps the greatest military leader of the Middle Ages.
E) led the Fourth Crusade against Constantinople.

Question 19

Henry, Duke of Anjou, vastly increased his fortune in 1152 when he married the wealthy heiress

A) Eleanor of Aquitaine.
B) Matilda of Touraine.
C) Hildegard of Bingen.
D) Catherine d' Medici.
E) Catherine of Tours.

Question 20

The Domesday Book could best be described as a

A) a law code.
B) a manual of chivalry.
C) a religious tract.
D) a king's diary.
E) an economic census.

Question 21

The heresy in southern France which Pope Innocent III stamped out with an internal crusade was the

A) Donatist heresy.
B) Arian heresy.
C) Monophysite heresy.
D) Cathar heresy.
E) Lutheran heresy.

Question 22

The investiture controversy concerned the issue of

A) the meaning of the communion sacrament.
B) the nature of the Holy Spirit in the Trinity.
C) who could bestow a church position on a man.
D) how church funds would be invested.
E) how popes would be chosen.

Question 23

Hildegard of Bingen, one of the most accomplished nuns of the twelfth century, is noted for all of the following except her

A) three books of her personal religious experiences.
B) mystical visions of the divine.
C) fame as abbess of a convent.
D) abuse by kings and popes as a "false prophet."
E) contributions to the body of music known as Gregorian chant or plainsong.

Question 24

The Cistercians, a new reform-minded monastic order,

A) grew very slowly in the eleventh century.
B) eliminated all decorations from their churches.
C) spent more time in private prayer and manual labor by curtailing religious services.
D) endorsed serfdom and were supported by peasant labor services.
E) b and c

Question 25

Saint Dominic, founder of the new Dominican order of preachers,

A) was chiefly concerned with limiting papal power.
B) did not embrace the necessity of poverty for the members of new church orders.
C) was an intellectual who created a new order of learned prelates to fight heresy within the church.
D) worked most closely with popes to reform the College of Cardinals.
E) preached on street corners to common people.

Question 26

The investiture controversy was resolved in 1122 by a compromise agreement known as the Concordat of

A) Rome.
B) Canossa.
C) Verdun.
D) Worms.
E) Cologne.

Question 27

The action of the medieval church that closed churches in a region or a country and that forbade the clergy from administering the sacraments to the populace was

A) excommunication.
B) an indulgence.
C) a curia.
D) the interdict.
E) the investiture.

Question 28

Female monasticism in the twelfth century

A) was a new phenomenon.
B) was a refuge for women of all classes.
C) declined due to the changing, negative view of women.
D) saw the number of women joining religious houses increase significantly.
E) was found only in France.

Question 29

The secularization of bishops and abbots in the Early Middle Ages led to

A) the collapse of Christian worship in many places.
B) greater popular respect for the church.
C) a decline in the execution of their spiritual duties weakening the moral authority of the church.
D) greater respect shown to the church and its officials by nobles.
E) the revival of Arianism.

Question 30

Saint Francis of Assisi stressed that

A) human beings should strive to dominate the natural world.
B) God could only be understood through rigorous contemplation of nature.
C) biblical precepts be rejected in organizing the new mendicant orders of the church.
D) his followers must accept strict vows of poverty and live by working and beg for food.
E) faith alone was sufficient to gain immortality.

Question 31

The papacy reached its zenith of power in the thirteenth century during the papacy of

A) Urban II.
B) Pius III.
C) Gregory VII.
D) Boniface VIII.
E) Innocent III

Question 32

The church taught that purgatory was

A) a place where the soul was purified through punishment before admission to heaven.
B) a type of hell reserved for the worst sinners.
C) similar to the Greek's concept of an afterlife.
D) a fabulous place where saints dwelled.
E) a heresy.

Question 33

The sacramental system of the Catholic Church

A) would not be clearly defined until the fifteenth century.
B) made the church an integral part of the people's lives from birth to death.
C) was deemed unnecessary as part of salvation by the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215.
D) made the weekly reception of the Eucharist mandatory for all Christians.
E) was reserved only for the clergy.

Question 34

Cluny was

A) a commercial city in northern Italy.
B) the capital of Flanders.
C) the site where King John signed Magna Carta.
D) a cathedral school in Burgundy.
E) a Benedictine monastery in France.

Question 35

In 1077 at Canossa, King Henry IV

A) received absolution and forgiveness after humbling himself before the pope.
B) demanded the pope give up the investiture fight.
C) killed Pope Gregory VII in a fit of rage.
D) voluntarily relinquished his claims to be emperor.
E) declared victory over the Hungarians.

Question 36

The church's practice of indulgences in the High Middle Ages was ultimately connected with the

A) relics of crusaders.
B) church's doctrine of heaven or hell.
C) remission of the time spent in purgatory.
D) mass.
E) all of the above.

Question 37

Followers of the Cathar (Albigensian) heresy believed that

A) sex is the purest expression of love for God.
B) the spirit is pure but the body is corrupt and evil.
C) women and married men should be allowed to be priests.
D) the true seat of Christ's church is Byzantium.
E) Islam and Christianity were two incarnations of the same truth.

Question 38

In general, monasteries performed all the following except

A) prayed for themselves and others.
B) copied manuscripts.
C) provided food and clothing for the poor.
D) formed clerical guilds for priests and nuns.
E) took care of the sick and ran hospitals.

Question 39

Pope Gregory VII

A) claimed that popes had the right to depose kings and emperors.
B) stated that popes should not be involved in the everyday activities of the church.
C) increased the Church's missionary activities to Russia and the east.
D) collected new taxes to finance building programs.
E) crawled in the snow and begged the forgiveness of Henry IV of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 40

The church during the twelfth century became very centralized, chiefly due to

A) the work of very capable bishops.
B) an efficient and well-organized Papal Curia.
C) the influence of the monastic orders.
D) a series of autocratic but efficient popes.
E) weak kings and emperors throughout Europe.

Question 41

After capturing the city of Jerusalem in 1099, the Christian soldiers of the First Crusade

A) massacred many of the men, women, and children in the captured city.
B) created several Christian crusader states with feudal institutions.
C) sacked Constantinople on their way home.
D) traveled to Rome to receive the pope's blessing.
E) a and b

Question 42

With the decline of German imperial power in Italy after the death of Frederick II, the larger cities of northern Italy emerged as strong independent city-states.

Question 43

When Acre was captured by Islamic forces in 1291, the western crusaders' presence in the Middle East came to an end after an approximate two hundred years of occupation.

Question 44

The Byzantine loss at Manzikert led eastern Christians to ask their western brethren for help.

Question 45

The Fourth Crusade was diverted from Jerusalem and ended up sacking

A) Alexandria.
B) Constantinople.
C) Rome.
D) Venice.
E) Paris.

Question 46

Much of thirteenth century France was dominated by Louis IX, a deeply religious king who was later canonized and made a saint by the Catholic Church.

Question 47

By the thirteenth century, a previous acceptance of homosexuality by church and society had been replaced by Christian persecution of homosexuals due to all of the following except

A) the writings of Thomas Aquinas.
B) a rising tide of intolerance in Europe.
C) the identification of homosexuals with other detested minority groups in society.
D) papal decrees which had harshly condemned the lifestyle since the Early Middle Ages and had overtly tried to stamp it out for centuries.
E) none of the above

Question 48

The persecutions against European Jews in the High Middle Ages were

A) openly encouraged by Christian mendicants and preachers.
B) generally opposed by popes and other high church officials.
C) frequently inspired by the Christian crusades.
D) tolerated by the popes.
E) a and c

Question 49

By the end of the twelfth century, the Christian Reconquest of Spain had picked up pace and intensity.

Question 50

By the reign of Pope Innocent III (1198-1216), papal power was weakening throughout most of Europe, as exemplified by King Philip Augustus's refusal to restore his wife as queen of France.

Question 51

The Islamic world in the mid-eleventh century was largely unified and dominated by the

A) Fatimids.
B) Ottomans.
C) Berbers.
D) Abbasids.
E) Seljuks.

Question 52

All of the following are correct about the "Peasant's Crusade" except

A) after considerable hardship, the crusade succeeded in reaching Jerusalem
B) it was an exercise in religious fanaticism and futility.
C) the crusade's leader was Peter the Hermit.
D) they attacked Jews on their march towards the Holy Land.
E) they were massacred by the Turks when they reached Asia Minor.

Question 53

Which of the following was not a result of the crusades?

A) some cultural exchanges between Christians and Muslims
B) new economic growth of Italian port cities
C) by removing many young warriors to the Middle East, European society was possibly more stable and European monarchs gained greater control.
D) increasingly common and violent attacks on European Jews by Christians
E) the growth in power of the Middle Eastern crusader states

Question 54

From the east, Christian Slavs moved into pagan German Prussia in the thirteenth century, forcing the Germans in that region to convert to Christianity.

Question 55

Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095

A) promised remissions of sins for joining the crusades to recapture the Holy Land.
B) appointed Peter the Hermit as leader of the crusades.
C) urged the destruction of all Jewish settlements on the crusaders' way to the Holy Land.
D) the sending of a diplomatic mission to the Muslims in order to gain peaceful access to Jerusalem and its holy places.
E) all of the above

Question 56

The papal inquisition, or the Holy Office, a church court designed to try and punish heretics,

A) accepted accusations of heresy against anyone.
B) often utilized Franciscan monks as inquisitors.
C) turned those deemed guilty over to religious authorities for execution.
D) forbid the use of torture.
E) all the above

Question 57

Genghis Khan's grandson Hulegu completed the conquest of China.

Question 58

Within Europe, the most popular sites for Christian pilgrims were Rome and Jerusalem.

Question 59

Because of its geographic exposure to constant invasions, the nobles who elected the German kings always chose a strong and capable figure for the throne.

Question 60

In 1071, at Manzikert, the Seljuk Turks defeated the

A) Fatimids.
B) Normans.
C) Byzantines.
D) Germans.
E) Rus.