Deck 7: Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

Question 1

The Edict of Milan

A) made Christianity the official state religion of the Empire.
B) was Constantine's document officially tolerating the existence of Christianity.
C) officially divided the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves.
D) formally deposed the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, from his throne.
E) made Milan the "New Rome", equal to old Rome.

Answer 1

was Constantine's document officially tolerating the existence of Christianity.

Question 2

The Council of Nicaea in 325

A) first organized a system of bishoprics.
B) elected the first pope.
C) defined Christ as being "of the same substance" as God.
D) centered around the heresy of Donatism.
E) was condemned by Constantine.

Answer 2

defined Christ as being "of the same substance" as God.

Question 3

The founder of the Frankish kingdom and the first monarchic, Frankish defender of the Catholic faith was

A) Thorvig.
B) Conan.
C) Hagar.
D) Clovis.
E) Charles Martel.

Answer 3

Clovis.

Question 4

Constantine's most enduring reform came in the creation of

A) a tetrarchy.
B) the "New Rome."
C) wage and price controls.
D) the coloni.
E) the Pantheon.

Question 5

Theodoric, the Ostrogothic king who took control of Italy, was determined to

A) destroy Roman civilization and culture forever.
B) destroy the Jews in Italy.
C) sack the Byzantine Empire and depose the pope.
D) maintain Roman customs and practices in Italy.
E) make German the official and only language.

Question 6

Frankish marriage customs

A) prohibited sexual union until a year after marriage.
B) placed women on an equal footing with their husbands.
C) did not allow divorce.
D) placed strong sanctions (sometimes death) on adulterous women.
E) required that husbands have numerous wives.

Question 7

Guilt under Germanic customary law was determined by

A) trial by jury.
B) the decisions of the major domus.
C) the wergeld.
D) compurgation and ordeal.
E) confession and penance.

Question 8

The pope who supposedly caused Attila and the Huns to turn away from Rome was

A) Leo I.
B) Gregory the Great.
C) John Paul II.
D) Augustine III.
E) Jerome the Great.

Question 9

By the end of the fifth century in the West

A) the Germans greatly outnumbered the Roman population.
B) unlike the Slavs in the East, all the German tribes rejected Arian heresy.
C) the Romans still controlled the economic resources.
D) the Germans took over the economic resources.
E) Romans and Germans maintained separate cultures for the following several centuries.

Question 10

The Frankish palace official, Charles Martel, successfully defended the civilization of the new western European kingdoms in 732 by

A) destroying the Visigoths.
B) pushing the Burgundians back across the Rhone river.
C) defeating Muslim armies in 732.
D) sacking Rome.
E) ending the Merovingian dynasty and making himself king.

Question 11

The best example of Hiberno-Saxon art is

A) a Viking war ship.
B) a long sword.
C) the Book of Kells.
D) the architecture at the monastery of Whitby
E) the Hagia Sophia

Question 12

In the late fourth century, the Visigoths and other Germanic tribes, were pushed into the Balkans region of the Eastern Roman Empire because of pressure from the

A) Byzantines.
B) Vikings.
C) Avars.
D) Arians.
E) Huns.

Question 13

The Germans believed that the ordeal could

A) reveal the truth by showing who God favored in a dispute.
B) purify the spirit and bring one closer to God.
C) cause eternal damnation because it was heresy.
D) justify the acts of physically strong men.
E) be a preventative to crime.

Question 14

Tetrarchy was Diocletian's plan to

A) make Christianity the foundation of the Empire.
B) rebuild the economic foundations of the West.
C) establish an orderly succession to the emperorship.
D) Romanize the Germanic tribes within the Empire.
E) reinvigorate pagan rituals

Question 15

The withdrawal of Roman armies from Britain enabled

A) Celtic Britons to overrun the island.
B) Angles and Saxons, Germanic tribes from Denmark and Germany, to invade and to establish new kingdoms on the isle.
C) the rise of medieval Scottish culture.
D) local Roman elites to rebuild English Latin culture.
E) someone later known as King Arthur to drive the Vikings from England.

Question 16

After the death of Theodoric, the Ostrogothic kingdom

A) prospered under very able rulers.
B) was defeated by the Byzantines, reducing Rome as a center of Mediterranean culture.
C) allied itself with the Vandals against the Visigoths.
D) dominated Mediterranean trade for the next fifty years.
E) converted the Germans to orthodox Christianity.

Question 17

The political, economic, and social policies of the restored empire under Diocletian and Constantine

A) meant the destruction of the civil and military bureaucracies.
B) renewed the support of the Roman peasants and lower classes for the Empire.
C) led to the economic rejuvenation of the Empire.
D) were based on coercion and the loss of individual freedom.
E) led to the abandonment of the Eastern Mediterranean with a renewed focus upon Italy.

Question 18

In 476, the boy emperor Romulus Augustulus was deposed by

A) Constantine.
B) Clovis.
C) Alaric.
D) Odoacer.
E) Aetius.

Question 19

The heresy of Arianism

A) questioned the divinity of Jesus.
B) denied the existence of God the Father.
C) denied the existence of the Holy Spirit.
D) reverted to Roman polytheistic religious beliefs.
E) doubted the existence of the Holy Spirit.

Question 20

Before the Battle of Milvian Bridge, Constantine received a vision of

A) victory under Christ's protection.
B) a long and happy reign for himself.
C) a blessed afterlife for all valiant warriors.
D) famine and pestilence for seven years.
E) the apocalypse.

Question 21

In the year 532, Justinian almost fled the capital because of

A) a plague.
B) an invasion.
C) a vision from heaven.
D) his plan to run off with the palace funds.
E) the Nika riots.

Question 22

The Order of St. Benedict stressed

A) study and the preservation of manuscripts.
B) ecstatic worship.
C) hard manual labor to learn humility.
D) prayer and meditation.
E) a balance of study, work, and prayer.

Question 23

The "Apostle to the Germans" and the most famous churchman in Europe in the eighth century was

A) Gregory the Great.
B) Augustine.
C) Jerome.
D) Benedict.
E) Boniface.

Question 24

One of the greatest nuns of the seventh-century, and founder of the Whitby monastery was

A) St. Catherine.
B) St. Joan.
C) St. Hilda.
D) St. Jesmine.
E) St. Theodora.

Question 25

The great Christian scholar of late antiquity, Cassiodorus, divided the seven liberal arts into the trivium and quadrivium. According to Cassiodorus, the trivium includes

A) grammar, rhetoric, and music.
B) geometry, music, and astronomy.
C) grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic or logic.
D) arithmetic, logic, and astronomy.
E) history, literature, and mathematics.

Question 26

The basic rule for western monastic living was developed by

A) Benedict.
B) Pachomius.
C) Jerome.
D) Ambrose.
E) Basil.

Question 27

Augustine's Confessions was written as

A) a response to pagan philosophers' attacks on Christianity.
B) a warning to unbelievers that damnation awaited the unbaptized.
C) an epic poem to rival the works of the greatest pagan poets.
D) an account of his own miraculous personal conversion.
E) a tool to convert the German barbarians.

Question 28

The title "Vicars of Christ" has traditionally been given to the

A) Bishops of Rome.
B) Archbishops of Alexandria.
C) Patriarchs of Jerusalem.
D) Archbishops of Antioch.
E) Patriarchs of Constantinople.

Question 29

Justinian's most important contribution to Western civilization was his

A) codification of law.
B) reconquest of western Europe.
C) preventing the migration of eastern peoples to the west.
D) spreading the use of Latin.
E) marriage to Theodora.

Question 30

In 597, Pope Gregory the Great sent the monk, ____, to England to convert the Anglo-Saxons.

A) Anthony.
B) Leo.
C) Constantius.
D) Augustine.
E) Ambrose.

Question 31

The Petrine Doctrine

A) was the belief that the bishops of Rome held a preeminent position in the church.
B) was developed at the Council of Nicaea.
C) declared heresy to be the main problem of the church.
D) declared deacons to have the same spiritual powers as bishops.
E) was the theory that placed the Patriarch of Constantinople as head of the Church.

Question 32

Pope Gregory the Great was responsible for all of the following except

A) creating the Papal States.
B) recognizing the Byzantine emperor as the rightful ruler of Italy.
C) supporting the work of Christian missionaries in England.
D) writing The Ecclesiastical History of the English People.
E) becoming Bishop of Rome.

Question 33

The holy man who created the first community of monks in Egypt and laid the foundations for the monastic movement was

A) Saint Martin.
B) Saint Augustine.
C) Saint Jerome.
D) Saint Anthony.
E) Saint Aquinas.

Question 34

Justinian's military conquests under the general, Belisarius,

A) included Spain and Gaul by 552.
B) was the solution to the eastern Empire's economic problems.
C) helped Italy economically.
D) were short-lived.
E) were permanent.

Question 35

The Corpus Iuris Civilis (Body of Civil Law) compiled under Justinian

A) was not immediately adopted by the Byzantine Empire.
B) was the last Byzantine contribution to the west to be written in Latin.
C) marked a turning away from Roman law.
D) served to undermine economic prosperity in the empire.
E) was the first literary work to be written entirely in Greek.

Question 36

The greatest difference between Irish Christianity and Roman Christianity was in

A) Irish church organization, giving Irish abbots more power than bishops.
B) differing interpretations of the Nicene Creed.
C) disputes over the powers of deacons.
D) conflicting views on the power of the Papal Curia.
E) the divinity of Jesus.

Question 37

The primary instrument of Pope Gregory for converting the Germanic peoples of Europe was

A) the imperial army.
B) monasticism.
C) bribery.
D) his oratory.
E) the eastern Empire.

Question 38

Saint Jerome, is known for all of the following except

A) his mastery of Latin prose.
B) his skills as a linguist.
C) his translations of the Old and New Testaments from Hebrew and Greek into Latin.
D) his final return to pagan heresy and rejection of key Christian doctrines.
E) becoming one of the Latin Fathers of the Church.

Question 39

Irish monasticism from the sixth through eighth centuries tended to be highly

A) ascetic.
B) isolationist.
C) scornful of pagan practices.
D) scornful of classical education.
E) anti-monastic.

Question 40

Augustine wrote which one of the following books?

A) Gospel of Truth.
B) Consolation of Philosophy.
C) Meditations.
D) The City of God.
E) Latin Vulgate Bible.

Question 41

The controversy of 730 that set the Latin and Greek Orthodox Christians apart was over

A) the official use of the Greek language in the Byzantine Empire.
B) the election of the pope.
C) iconoclasm, or the destruction of icons.
D) the divinity of the Trinity.
E) whether Muhammad was a true prophet of God.

Question 42

At the synod of Whitby in 664, the English church accepted the Irish practices rather than the Roman.

Question 43

Muhammad was born in

A) Jerusalem.
B) Rome.
C) Yathrib.
D) the desert.
E) Mecca.

Question 44

By the second half of the fourth century, German tribes, known as "federates," were incorporated into the Roman army.

Question 45

Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina in 622 is known as the

A) Ka'ba.
B) razzia.
C) jihad.
D) Hegira.
E) Shari'a.

Question 46

Constantine declared toleration for Christians but did not make Christianity the official Roman religion.

Question 47

The cardinal principle of the Islamic faith is that there is only God and his prophet is

A) Gabriel.
B) Jesus.
C) Moses.
D) Muhammad.
E) Abraham.

Question 48

By 395, the western and eastern parts of the Roman Empire became virtually two independent states.

Question 49

Muslims regard Muhammad as a prophet of god but not as himself divine.

Question 50

The author of the Ecclesiastical History of the English People was the monk known as the Venerable Bede.

Question 51

The Muslim dynasty that assumed power after the assassination of Muhammad's son-in-law, Ali, and moved the capital to Damascus was the

A) Abbasid.
B) Cordobaid.
C) Sunnite.
D) Umayyad.
E) Caliphite.

Question 52

Which of the following would not be a similarity between Christianity and Islam?

A) Each of the faiths had a holy book.
B) Both Muhammad and Jesus considered themselves to be divine.
C) Both religions were monotheistic.
D) Both religions had as part of their scriptures divine revelation.
E) Both religions envisioned heaven or paradise for believers.

Question 53

Muslim societies abide by a strict code of law, much of it derived from the holy book Qur'an, and regulating all aspects of Muslim life. This law code is called

A) Shari'a.
B) jihad.
C) hajj.
D) Ramadan.
E) Caliphite.

Question 54

Beginning with Justinian, the center of the Byzantine presence in Italy was Rome.

Question 55

Saint Augustine wrote that in marriage, men and women should reject celibacy and that sex should be enjoyed without regard for purpose.

Question 56

The Church of Hagia Sophia is recognizable by

A) a large dome, symbolizing the sphere of heaven.
B) massive columns, symbolizing the power of the state.
C) high spires, symbolizing aspiration to the divine.
D) statues of monsters and snakes, representing the underworld.
E) c and d

Question 57

In 711, Byzantine armies from Constantinople destroyed the Visigothic kingdom in Spain.

Question 58

In Islam, Jihad has been defined as "holy war" but a more accurate description is "striving in the way of the Lord."

Question 59

The Byzantine emperor who initiated the iconoclastic controversy in 725 was

A) Leo III
B) Alexis I Comnenus.
C) Irene.
D) Heraclius.
E) Justinian.

Question 60

The successors to Muhammad's leadership of the Muslims were known as

A) holy emperors.
B) caliphs.
C) sultans.
D) anti-popes.
E) prophets.